原文出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/abluedog/archive/2006/04/15/375940.html?login=1#commentform
原文作者：abluedog
感谢abluedog的原创，本人借以学之，由于原文有一点未尽详细，未能顺利通过，故改之！
提示：为了在VS2005IDE中获得NHibernate配置文件的代码提示，请将nhibernate-configuration-2.0.xsd、nhibernate-mapping-2.0.xsd（这两个文件在你从网上下载NHibernate程序集文件时一并下载，此处http://www.nhibernate.org/有下载，当前版本是2.0.1.GA）拷贝到\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\Xml\Schemas下，这样当你编辑配置文件或者映射文件时，你将得到完整的代码提示。
NHibernat内部使用log4net（此程序集从上面的网址中下载NHibernate程序集时一并下载）来进行日志操作，今天我们将在配置文件中添加log4net的配置，这样我们在测试的时候将可以清楚地看到NHibernate是如何进行工作的。
应用配置文件修改如下：
<configuration>
<configSections>
<section name="nhibernate" type="System.Configuration.NameValueSectionHandler, System,Version=1.0.5000.0,Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" />
<section name="log4net" type="log4net.Config.Log4NetConfigurationSectionHandler,log4net" />
</configSections>
<nhibernate>
<add key="hibernate.connection.provider" value="NHibernate.Connection.DriverConnectionProvider" />
<add key="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="NHibernate.Driver.SqlClientDriver" />
<add key="hibernate.connection.connection_string" value="Server=localhost;Initial Catalog=TestNHibernate;Integrated Security=SSPI" />
<add key="hibernate.connection.isolation" value="ReadCommitted"/>
<add key="hibernate.dialect" value="NHibernate.Dialect.MsSql2005Dialect" />
<add key="show_sql" value="true" />
</nhibernate>
<log4net>
<appender name="ConsoleAppender" type="log4net.Appender.ConsoleAppender" >
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%date [%thread] %-5level %logger [%ndc] - %message%newline" />
</layout>
</appender>
<root>
<level value="ALL" />
<appender-ref ref="ConsoleAppender" />
</root>
</log4net>
</configuration>
请注意添加：
<add key="show_sql" value="true" />
关于log4net的使用，我们这里不做详细的讲解，有兴趣的请参考如下地址：
http://logging.apache.org/log4net/
接着，我们在上次的工程组中添加一个名为Test1的测试项目（用VS新建项目时，新建一个测试项目加入解决方案中），将其中的不需要的手动测试去掉。请注意：除了NHibernate，Demo1.Model(上个工程生成的实体程序集)引用外，还需要添加如下3个引用：
log4net,System.Data,System.Xml.
修改代码如下：
using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using NHibernate;
using NHibernate.Cfg;
using log4net;
using log4net.Config;
using Demo1.Model;
namespace Test1
{
/// <summary>
/// UnitTest1 的摘要说明
/// </summary>
[TestClass]
public class UnitTest1
{
static ISessionFactory factory;
static ILog logger;
ISession session;
public UnitTest1()
{
//
// TODO: 在此处添加构造函数逻辑
//
}
#region 添加测试属性
[ClassInitialize()]
public static void MyClassInitialize(TestContext testContext)
{
XmlConfigurator.Configure();
logger = LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(Test1.UnitTest1));
Configuration config = new Configuration().AddAssembly("Demo1.Model");
factory = config.BuildSessionFactory();
}
[ClassCleanup()]
public static void MyClassCleanup() { }
[TestInitialize()]
public void MyTestInitialize()
{
session = factory.OpenSession();
}
[TestCleanup()]
public void MyTestCleanup()
{
session.Close();
}
#endregion
}
}
我们在测试的开始对Configuration\SessionFactory\Log进行初始化。在每一个Test的开始获取一个新的session，每一个Test结束后即关闭session。
[TestMethod]
public void TestRead()
{
User user = (User)session.Get(typeof(User), 1);//1是第插入记录的主键ID
Assert.IsTrue(user.FirstName == "aaa");
}
在Test项目中添加一个配置文件，把上面的的配置文件拷贝一份到此配置文件中（内容完全相同），否则会报一些The dialect was not set的错误。
我们切换到Test Results窗口，双击测试成功的TestRead方法，这时将会有一个详细的测试结果显示出来，NHibernate将使用我们指定的log4net来输出详细信息，我们仔细观察：
2010-04-23 22:11:04,640 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.SessionImpl [(null)] - opened session
2010-04-23 22:11:04,640 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.SessionImpl [(null)] - loading [User#1]
2010-04-23 22:11:04,656 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.SessionImpl [(null)] - attempting to resolve [User#1]
2010-04-23 22:11:04,656 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.SessionImpl [(null)] - object not resolved in any cache [Demo1.Model.User#1]
2010-04-23 22:11:04,656 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Persister.Entity.AbstractEntityPersister [(null)] - Fetching entity: [Demo1.Model.User#1]
2010-04-23 22:11:04,656 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Loader.Loader [(null)] - loading entity: [Demo1.Model.User#1]
2010-04-23 22:11:04,750 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.BatcherImpl [(null)] - Opened new IDbCommand, open IDbCommands: 1
2010-04-23 22:11:04,750 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.BatcherImpl [(null)] - Building an IDbCommand object for the SqlString: SELECT user0_.UserId as UserId1_0_, user0_.FirstName as FirstName1_0_, user0_.LastName as LastName1_0_, user0_.Sex as Sex1_0_, user0_.Age as Age1_0_, user0_.RoleId as RoleId1_0_ FROM Users user0_ WHERE user0_.UserId=?
2010-04-23 22:11:04,750 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Type.Int32Type [(null)] - binding '1' to parameter: 0
2010-04-23 22:11:04,750 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] INFO NHibernate.Loader.Loader [(null)] - SELECT user0_.UserId as UserId1_0_, user0_.FirstName as FirstName1_0_, user0_.LastName as LastName1_0_, user0_.Sex as Sex1_0_, user0_.Age as Age1_0_, user0_.RoleId as RoleId1_0_ FROM Users user0_ WHERE user0_.UserId=@p0
2010-04-23 22:11:04,750 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.SQL [(null)] - SELECT user0_.UserId as UserId1_0_, user0_.FirstName as FirstName1_0_, user0_.LastName as LastName1_0_, user0_.Sex as Sex1_0_, user0_.Age as Age1_0_, user0_.RoleId as RoleId1_0_ FROM Users user0_ WHERE user0_.UserId=@p0; @p0 = '1'
2010-04-23 22:11:04,750 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Connection.DriverConnectionProvider [(null)] - Obtaining IDbConnection from Driver
2010-04-23 22:11:05,718 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.BatcherImpl [(null)] - Opened IDataReader, open IDataReaders: 1
2010-04-23 22:11:05,718 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Loader.Loader [(null)] - processing result set
2010-04-23 22:11:05,718 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Loader.Loader [(null)] - result set row: 0
2010-04-23 22:11:05,734 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Loader.Loader [(null)] - result row: 1
2010-04-23 22:11:05,734 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Loader.Loader [(null)] - Initializing object from DataReader: [Demo1.Model.User#1]
2010-04-23 22:11:05,734 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Loader.Loader [(null)] - Hydrating entity: Demo1.Model.User#1
2010-04-23 22:11:06,031 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Type.StringType [(null)] - returning 'He' as column: FirstName1_0_
2010-04-23 22:11:06,031 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Type.StringType [(null)] - returning 'Vihone' as column: LastName1_0_
2010-04-23 22:11:06,031 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Type.StringType [(null)] - returning 'Boy' as column: Sex1_0_
2010-04-23 22:11:06,031 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Type.Int32Type [(null)] - returning '30' as column: Age1_0_
2010-04-23 22:11:06,031 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Type.Int32Type [(null)] - returning '1' as column: RoleId1_0_
2010-04-23 22:11:06,031 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Loader.Loader [(null)] - done processing result set (1 rows)
2010-04-23 22:11:06,031 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Driver.NHybridDataReader [(null)] - running NHybridDataReader.Dispose()
2010-04-23 22:11:06,062 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.BatcherImpl [(null)] - Closed IDataReader, open IDataReaders :0
2010-04-23 22:11:06,062 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.BatcherImpl [(null)] - Closed IDbCommand, open IDbCommands: 0
2010-04-23 22:11:06,062 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.ConnectionManager [(null)] - aggressively releasing database connection
2010-04-23 22:11:06,062 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Connection.ConnectionProvider [(null)] - Closing connection
2010-04-23 22:11:06,078 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Loader.Loader [(null)] - total objects hydrated: 1
2010-04-23 22:11:06,078 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.SessionImpl [(null)] - resolving associations for: [Demo1.Model.User#1]
2010-04-23 22:11:06,093 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.SessionImpl [(null)] - loading [Role#1]
2010-04-23 22:11:06,421 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.SessionImpl [(null)] - done materializing entity [Demo1.Model.User#1]
2010-04-23 22:11:06,421 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.SessionImpl [(null)] - initializing non-lazy collections
2010-04-23 22:11:06,421 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Loader.Loader [(null)] - done entity load
2010-04-23 22:11:06,421 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.ConnectionManager [(null)] - after autocommit
2010-04-23 22:11:06,421 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.ConnectionManager [(null)] - aggressively releasing database connection
2010-04-23 22:11:06,421 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.SessionImpl [(null)] - transaction completion
2010-04-23 22:11:06,437 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.SessionImpl [(null)] - closing session
2010-04-23 22:11:06,437 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.BatcherImpl [(null)] - running BatcherImpl.Dispose(true)
如上初体所示，NHibernate替我们构造了一条sql语句，并添加一个参数，然后将我们在代码中赋的id值1来填充，这样，一条完整的可以执行的sql语句产生了。
请注意：在产生sql语句的前面，NHibernate构造了一个IDBCommand，然后在sql语句产生完全后，获取连接，通过一个DataReader来填充Persion对象给我们使用，这就是NHibernate替我们做的事。
请仔细研究输出的日志。
如法炮制，我们添加另外3个Test，完成单个表的全部CRUD操作，如下完整代码：
[TestMethod]
public void TestCreate()
{
User user = new User();
user.FirstName = "xxx";
user.LastName = "yyy";
user.Age = 100;
user.Sex = "girl";
Role role = new Role();
role.RoleName = "普通用户";//
role.Id = 2;//这个Id的值必须在数据库的Role表中有此记录，主外键约束
ITransaction trans = session.BeginTransaction();
try
{
session.Save(user);
trans.Commit();
Assert.IsTrue(user.Id > 0);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
trans.Rollback();
Assert.Fail(ex.Message);
}
}
[TestMethod]
public void TestUpdate()
{
User user = (User)session.Get(typeof(User), 2);//此处的ID要与表中记录的主键ID相同
user.FirstName = "ggg"; //可以是任何user的属性，或多个属性
ITransaction trans = session.BeginTransaction();
try
{
session.Save(user);
trans.Commit();
Assert.IsTrue(user.FirstName == "ggg");//与上面更新的值要相同
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
trans.Rollback();
Assert.Fail(ex.Message);
}
}
[TestMethod]
public void TestDelete()
{
User user = (User)session.Get(typeof(User), 2);//此处的ID要与表中记录的主键ID相同,依主键值找到记录
ITransaction trans = session.BeginTransaction();
try
{
session.Delete(user);
trans.Commit();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
trans.Rollback();
Assert.Fail(ex.Message);
}
}
}
Delete的方法如下：
直接传入需要delete的对象即可。
项目工程图 如下：（图中的NHibernateTest1程序集的名称实际为文章中的Demo1.Model，生成程序集的名字与项目名字不同）
