官方安装文档：https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/LTDQI/toc.htm#BHCCADGD
1.软件准备
oracle12c.zip 安装包
VMware 虚拟机
redhat7.0 系统
Xmanagement
2. 在VMware下安装redhat7.0系统
注：硬盘80GB
- 我的标准分区/boot :200M swap:2000M /:20000M
- 推荐LVM 逻辑分区
3.配置linux7.0
3.1 IP 网关 配置：手动固定ip
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli conn modify eno16777736 ipv4.addresses '192.168.144.128/24 192.168.144.1' [root@localhost ~]# nmcli conn modify eno16777736 ipv4.method manual [root@localhost ~]# nmcli conn modify eno16777736 connection.autoconnect yes
3.2 配置ssh服务端，停止在链接的ssh的时候启用dns解析
vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
#UseDNS yes
UseDNS no
3.3 禁用防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld [root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld [root@localhost ~]# systemctl status firewalld firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled) Active: inactive (dead)
3.4 禁用selinux
[root@localhost ~]# getenforce Permissive [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0 [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/ SELINUX=permissive
3.5 完成后重启
[root@localhost ~]# reboot
4.检查硬件环境
# 内存大小 [root@localhost ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 4033908 kB # swap大小 [root@localhost ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo SwapTotal: 2047996 kB # tmp文件夹大小 [root@localhost ~]# df -k /tmp Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 20469760 3921608 16548152 20% / # 磁盘大小 [root@localhost ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 20G 3.8G 16G 20% / devtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev tmpfs 2.0G 84K 2.0G 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 2.0G 8.9M 2.0G 1% /run tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 197M 101M 97M 52% /boot /dev/sr0 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /run/media/root/RHEL-7.0 Server.x86_64 # cpu [root@localhost ~]# grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo model name : AMD A8-4500M APU with Radeon(tm) HD Graphics model name : AMD A8-4500M APU with Radeon(tm) HD Graphics model name : AMD A8-4500M APU with Radeon(tm) HD Graphics model name : AMD A8-4500M APU with Radeon(tm) HD Graphics
5. 安装linux7的包
Oracle Linux 7和红帽企业Linux 7 包
下面的包（或更新版本）必须安装：
6.安装额外的驱动程序和软件包
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo
[base]
name=base
baseurl=file:///mnt
enable=1
gpgcheck=0
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y compat-libcap1 glibc-devel ksh libaio-devel libstdc++-devel gcc gcc-c++ unixODBC
# 开放数据库连接 Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) is a set of database access APIs that connect to the database, prepare, and then run SQL statements on the database. An application that uses an ODBC driver can access non-uniform data sources, such as spreadsheets and comma-delimited files. # 安装Oracle的ODBC驱动程序 yum install unixODBC-2.3.1
7.系统组oinstall和用户oracle
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd oinstall [root@localhost ~]# groupadd dba [root@localhost ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle [root@localhost ~]# echo oracle | passwd --stdin oracle [root@localhost ~]# id oracle uid=1001(oracle) gid=1001(oinstall) groups=1001(oinstall),1002(dba)
8.检查内核参数,资源限制
1、共享内存
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 429496729 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 生效该内核参数 [root@localhost ~]# sysctl -p
2.资源限制
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 10240 oracle hard stack 10240
9.创建必要的目录
-
Oracle基目录
-
一个可选的Oracle数据文件目录
[root@localhost ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 20G 3.8G 16G 20% / devtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev tmpfs 2.0G 84K 2.0G 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 2.0G 8.9M 2.0G 1% /run tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 197M 101M 97M 52% /boot /dev/sr0 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /run/media/root/RHEL-7.0 Server.x86_64
Oracle基目录必须有空闲磁盘空间3 GB或4 GB的可用磁盘空间
/u01目录扩容
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda # 至少26G + [root@localhost ~]# partprobe [root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sda5 [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sda5 /u01 [root@localhost ~]# blkid [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab [root@localhost ~]# mount -a [root@localhost ~]# mount
检查需要的目录，权限
# mkdir -p /u01/app/ # chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/ # chmod -R 775 /u01/app/
注：权限修改不对，安装时会出现错误
10.执行xhost +
xhost + 是使所有用户都能访问Xserver.
[root@localhost oracle]# xhost + access control disabled, clients can connect from any host [root@localhost oracle]#
11. 复制安装文件到系统
[root@localhost ~]# cd /home/oracle/ [root@localhost oracle]# [root@localhost oracle]# ll total 3372752 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3453696911 Aug 7 22:13 ORACLE12C.zip [root@localhost oracle]# unzip ORACLE12C.zip [root@localhost oracle]# chmod 777 database/ -R [root@localhost oracle]# chown oracle:oinstall database/ -R
12.重启
注：没有重启的话，出现错误
12.开始 安装oracle12C：oracle用户登录
1.）oracle用户登录执行
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd database/ [oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller Starting Oracle Universal Installer... Checking Temp space: must be greater than 500 MB. Actual 9085 MB Passed Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 1999 MB Passed Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors. Actual 16777216 Passed le@localhost database]$ You can find the log of this install session at: /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2017-08-07_10-18-09PM.log [oracle@localhost database]$
2）安装步骤选项
3）执行脚本
- 安装停下的话，出现以下界面 用root用户登录，执行脚本
[root@localhost ~]# cd /home/oracle/ [root@localhost oracle]# cd database/ [root@localhost database]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh [root@localhost database]# /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
-
注：执行第二个脚本，还要下一步，下一步，不然，无法成功安装数据库命令
13.安装成功
- 进入SQL，oracle登录，进入
[oracle@localhost database]$ . oraenv ORACLE_SID = [oracle] ? oracle01 # 数据库名称 The Oracle base has been set to /u01/app/oracle [oracle@localhost database]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL> select instance_name,status from v$instance; #查看数据库，名称状态
