这几天一直在研究关于路径规划的问题,postgis也是现学现用,由于SQL的语法掌握还不错,postgis仅需要熟悉常用的函数就行,关于常用的postgis函数,我已经结合网上的一些资料写了一篇文章,关于做一些GIS的空间分析,我们有两种选择,一是选择geotools,二结合postgis,两者选一个即可,我发现postgis+geoserver组合,本质上还是通过geotools来实现的,废话不多说,进入正题
一、路网shapfile文件导入数据库
1、创建数据空间数据库
具体做法在这里不再叙述,网上有许多的教程关于空间数据创建
2、导入shapfile文件
选择插件中的PostGIS shapfile and DBF Loader工具,点击出现如下对话框:
点击Add File按钮添加,所要导入的shapfile文件(注意:这里存放shapfile文件的路径必须为纯英文,路径中不能含有汉字,SRD必须设置,这里我设置为4326)
在Options点选下面对号
注意最后一个复选框必须打勾,以此来生成LineString类型,否则无法进行路径规划。
3、查看导入数据
选中roa_4m表格,点击上面的按钮可以查看表格数据。
二、路径规划函数生成
1、添加字段、
--添加起点id
ALTER TABLE roa_4m ADD COLUMN source integer;
--添加终点id
ALTER TABLE roa_4m ADD COLUMN target integer;
--添加道路权重值
ALTER TABLE roa_4m ADD COLUMN length double precision;
2、创建拓扑结构
--为sampledata表创建拓扑布局,即为source和target字段赋值
SELECT pgr_createTopology('roa_4m',0.0001, 'geom', 'gid');
3、创建索引
--为source和target字段创建索引
CREATE INDEX source_idx ON roa_4m("source");
CREATE INDEX target_idx ON roa_4m("target");
ALTER TABLE roa_4m ADD COLUMN x1 double precision; --创建起点经度x1
ALTER TABLE roa_4m ADD COLUMN y1 double precision; --创建起点纬度y1
ALTER TABLE roa_4m ADD COLUMN x2 double precision; --创建起点经度x2
ALTER TABLE roa_4m ADD COLUMN y2 double precision; --创建起点经度y2
UPDATE roa_4m SET x1 =ST_x(ST_PointN(geom, 1));
UPDATE roa_4m SET y1 =ST_y(ST_PointN(geom, 1));
UPDATE roa_4m SET x2 =ST_x(ST_PointN(geom, ST_NumPoints(geom)));
UPDATE roa_4m SET y2 =ST_y(ST_PointN(geom, ST_NumPoints(geom))); --给x1、y1、x2、y2赋值
4、给索引赋值
--为length赋值
--设置为双向
update roa_4m set length =st_length(geom);
--将长度值赋给reverse_cost,作为路线选择标准
ALTER TABLE roa_4m ADD COLUMN reverse_cost double precision;
UPDATE roa_4m SET reverse_cost = st_length(geom);
5、路径函数的生成
-- Function: pgr_fromctod(character varying, double precision, double precision, double precision, double precision)
-- DROP FUNCTION pgr_fromctod(character varying, double precision, double precision, double precision, double precision);
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION pgr_fromctod(
tbl character varying,
startx double precision,
starty double precision,
endx double precision,
endy double precision)
RETURNS geometry AS
$BODY$
declare
v_startLine geometry;--离起点最近的线
v_endLine geometry;--离终点最近的线
v_startTarget integer;--距离起点最近线的终点
v_startSource integer;
v_endSource integer;--距离终点最近线的起点
v_endTarget integer;
v_statpoint geometry;--在v_startLine上距离起点最近的点
v_endpoint geometry;--在v_endLine上距离终点最近的点
v_res geometry;--最短路径分析结果
v_res_a geometry;
v_res_b geometry;
v_res_c geometry;
v_res_d geometry;
v_perStart float;--v_statpoint在v_res上的百分比
v_perEnd float;--v_endpoint在v_res上的百分比
v_shPath_se geometry;--开始到结束
v_shPath_es geometry;--结束到开始
v_shPath geometry;--最终结果
tempnode float;
begin
--查询离起点最近的线
--4326坐标系
--找起点15米范围内的最近线
execute 'select geom, source, target from ' ||tbl||
' where ST_DWithin(geom,ST_Geometryfromtext(''point('||startx ||' ' || starty||')'',4326),15)
order by ST_Distance(geom,ST_GeometryFromText(''point('|| startx ||' '|| starty ||')'',4326)) limit 1'
into v_startLine, v_startSource ,v_startTarget;
--查询离终点最近的线
--找终点15米范围内的最近线
execute 'select geom, source, target from ' ||tbl||
' where ST_DWithin(geom,ST_Geometryfromtext(''point('|| endx || ' ' || endy ||')'',4326),15)
order by ST_Distance(geom,ST_GeometryFromText(''point('|| endx ||' ' || endy ||')'',4326)) limit 1'
into v_endLine, v_endSource,v_endTarget;
--如果没找到最近的线,就返回null
if (v_startLine is null) or (v_endLine is null) then
return null;
end if ;
select ST_ClosestPoint(v_startLine, ST_Geometryfromtext('point('|| startx ||' ' || starty ||')',4326)) into v_statpoint;
select ST_ClosestPoint(v_endLine, ST_GeometryFromText('point('|| endx ||' ' || endy ||')',4326)) into v_endpoint;
-- ST_Distance
--从开始的起点到结束的起点最短路径
execute 'SELECT st_linemerge(st_union(b.geom)) ' ||
'FROM pgr_kdijkstraPath(
''SELECT gid as id, source, target, length as cost FROM ' || tbl ||''','
||v_startSource|| ', ' ||'array['||v_endSource||'] , false, false
) a, '
||tbl|| ' b
WHERE a.id3=b.gid
GROUP by id1
ORDER by id1' into v_res ;
--从开始的终点到结束的起点最短路径
execute 'SELECT st_linemerge(st_union(b.geom)) ' ||
'FROM pgr_kdijkstraPath(
''SELECT gid as id, source, target, length as cost FROM ' || tbl ||''','
||v_startTarget|| ', ' ||'array['||v_endSource||'] , false, false
) a, '
||tbl|| ' b
WHERE a.id3=b.gid
GROUP by id1
ORDER by id1' into v_res_b ;
--从开始的起点到结束的终点最短路径
execute 'SELECT st_linemerge(st_union(b.geom)) ' ||
'FROM pgr_kdijkstraPath(
''SELECT gid as id, source, target, length as cost FROM ' || tbl ||''','
||v_startSource || ', ' ||'array['||v_endTarget||'] , false, false
) a, '
|| tbl || ' b
WHERE a.id3=b.gid
GROUP by id1
ORDER by id1' into v_res_c ;
--从开始的终点到结束的终点最短路径
execute 'SELECT st_linemerge(st_union(b.geom)) ' ||
'FROM pgr_kdijkstraPath(
''SELECT gid as id, source, target, length as cost FROM ' || tbl ||''','
||v_startTarget || ', ' ||'array['||v_endTarget||'] , false, false
) a, '
|| tbl || ' b
WHERE a.id3=b.gid
GROUP by id1
ORDER by id1' into v_res_d ;
if(ST_Length(v_res) > ST_Length(v_res_b)) then
v_res = v_res_b;
end if;
if(ST_Length(v_res) > ST_Length(v_res_c)) then
v_res = v_res_c;
end if;
if(ST_Length(v_res) > ST_Length(v_res_d)) then
v_res = v_res_d;
end if;
--如果找不到最短路径,就返回null
--if(v_res is null) then
-- return null;
--end if;
--将v_res,v_startLine,v_endLine进行拼接
select st_linemerge(ST_Union(array[v_res,v_startLine,v_endLine])) into v_res;
select ST_Line_Locate_Point(v_res, v_statpoint) into v_perStart;
select ST_Line_Locate_Point(v_res, v_endpoint) into v_perEnd;
if(v_perStart > v_perEnd) then
tempnode = v_perStart;
v_perStart = v_perEnd;
v_perEnd = tempnode;
end if;
--截取v_res
--拼接线
SELECT ST_Line_SubString(v_res,v_perStart, v_perEnd) into v_shPath;
return v_shPath;
end;
$BODY$
LANGUAGE plpgsql VOLATILE STRICT
COST 100;
ALTER FUNCTION pgr_fromctod(character varying, double precision, double precision, double precision, double precision)
OWNER TO postgres;
(上面函数是不是不知道怎么定义,基本套路在这里postgresql存储过程)生成后的函数,可以在public中函数中查看。
三、PostGIS连接Geoserver发布数据,以及发布视图
1、geoserver连接postgis
点击数据存储---->添加新的数据存储
选择新建数据源 点击postgis
j将红线框选中部分,填写
数据名称--->要连接的数据库名称----->用户名------->密码------->保存
2、发布roa_4m表格为服务
点击图层----->添加新的资源----新建图层(下拉框中选择刚才上面所间的资源)
选择我们在postgis中数据表,点击发布即可
3、创建sql视图
方法和上述发布roa_4m表格类似,只不过在一步,选择 配置新的SQL视图。
编辑视图
1)填写视图名称(自己自定义)
2)SQL语句
select * from pgr_fromctod('roa_4m',%x1%, %y1%, %x2%, %y2%)
3)点击从SQL猜想的参数,D的默认值,全部为0,验证的正则表达式全部为^-?[d.]+$
4)点击刷新,类型选为LineString类型,SRD为4326
5)点击保存,然后发布
四、OL调用demo
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>室内路径规划</title>
<link href="../script/ol4/ol.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<style>
#id {
1000px;
height:1000px;
}
</style>
<script src="../script/ol4/ol.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="map"></div>
<script>
var roadLayer = new ol.layer.Tile({
source: new ol.source.TileWMS({
url: 'http://localhost:8080/geoserver/cite/wms',
params: { 'LAYERS': 'cite:roa_4', 'TILED': true },
serverType: 'geoserver'
})
})
var map = new ol.Map({
target: document.getElementById("map"),
layers: [
roadLayer
],
view: new ol.View({
center: [117.34211730957, 49.6271781921387],
projection: 'EPSG:4326',
zoom: 4
})
});
var startCoord = [117.34211730957, 49.6271781921387]
var destCoord = [127.216133117676, 45.7485237121582]
var params = {
LAYERS: 'cite:testSqlView',
FORMAT: 'image/png',
};
var viewparams = [
'x1:' + startCoord[0], 'y1:' + startCoord[1],
'x2:' + destCoord[0], 'y2:' + destCoord[1]
//'x1:' + 12952117.2529, 'y1:' + 4836395.5717,
//'x2:' + 12945377.2585, 'y2:' + 4827305.7549
];
console.log(viewparams);
params.viewparams = viewparams.join(';');
result = new ol.layer.Image({
source: new ol.source.ImageWMS(
{
url: 'http://localhost:8080/geoserver/cite/wms',
params: params
})
});
console.info(result);
map.addLayer(result);
</script>
</body>
</html>
五、效果图(蓝色线段)