环境篇：Virtualbox+Vagrant安装Centos7
1 安装Vagrant
Vagrant下载地址：https://www.vagrantup.com/
Vagrant百度网盘：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1jqnMml024niqWQPbrGVuJw提取码：xv8h
傻瓜安装即可
vagrant -v 查看版本
2 下载virtualbox.box镜像
virtualbox.box百度网盘：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1EBrysc13fd0qf9EbT5rKdw提取码：1dk4
3 安装Virtualbox
virtualbox下载地址：https://www.virtualbox.org
virtualbox百度网盘：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1InyLZ-8Zmjuj7Qyk0Qg1Uw提取码：ewty
傻瓜安装即可，注意和Vagrant有版本兼容问题
4 安装centos7
4.1 添加本地centos/7镜像
找到下载好的virtualbox.box文件目录
使用
vagrant box add centos/7 C:UsersSMZCDesktopvirtualboxvirtualbox.box添加vagrant镜像使用
vagrant box list查询镜像
4.2 创建虚拟机环境
- 新建一个文件夹，并进入命令行cmd
- 使用
vagrant init命令
- 修改Vagrantfile文件
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
# The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
# For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
# https://docs.vagrantup.com.
# Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
# boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
#拉取镜像centos/7
config.vm.box = "centos/7"
# Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
# boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
# `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
# config.vm.box_check_update = false
# Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
# within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
# accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
# NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
# config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
#采用桥接网络,共享主机网络
config.vm.network "public_network"
# Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
# within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
# via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
# config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"
# Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
# using a specific IP.
# config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
# Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
# Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
# your network.
# config.vm.network "public_network"
# Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
# the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
# the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
# argument is a set of non-required options.
# config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"
# Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
# backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
# Example for VirtualBox:
#
# config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
# # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
# vb.gui = true
#
# # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
# vb.memory = "1024"
# end
#虚拟机名字heaton-centos7，内存，核数
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
vb.memory = "4096"
vb.name= "heaton-centos7"
vb.cpus= 2
end
#
# View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
# information on available options.
# Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
# Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
# documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
# config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
# apt-get update
# apt-get install -y apache2
# SHELL
end
- 在Vagrantfile文件命令行目录，使用命令
vagrant up创建启动虚拟机
4.3 修改root密码
-
使用
vagrant ssh命令进入刚刚创建的虚拟机 -
使用
sudo -i命令进入root用户 -
使用
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config命令修改sshd_config使root用户可以使用密码登录
PasswordAuthentication yes
- 使用
passwd设置密码
- 使用
systemctl restart sshd重启密码服务 - 使用
ip add查看ip即可使用远程工具登录root用户
5 复制虚拟机
- 关闭需要复制的虚拟机
- 进入虚拟机所在目录
vagrant package --output heaton-centos7.box
- 将上面得到的heaton-centos7.box文件添加进vagrant镜像中
vagrant box add heaton-centos77 heaton-centos7.box
- 进入一个新目录，生成新的虚拟机Vagrantfile
vagrant init heaton-centos77
- 启动，则得到一个一模一样的虚拟机（注意修改网络）
vagrant up
6 一次性创建多台centos7
6.1 添加本地centos/7镜像
找到下载好的virtualbox.box文件目录
使用
vagrant box add centos/7 C:UsersSMZCDesktopvirtualboxvirtualbox.box添加vagrant镜像使用
vagrant box list查询镜像
6.2 创建虚拟机环境
- 新建一个文件夹，并进入命令行cmd
- 使用
type nul>Vagrantfile命令创建Vagrantfile文件
- 修改Vagrantfile文件
- 先查询本机ip记住前三段，需要在Vagrantfile中指定
- 以下是创建3台的Vagrantfile
boxes = [
{
:name => "master",
:eth1 => "192.168.192.10",
:mem => "2048",
:cpu => "2",
:sshport => 22230
},
{
:name => "slave1",
:eth1 => "192.168.192.11",
:mem => "2048",
:cpu => "2",
:sshport => 22231
},
{
:name => "slave2",
:eth1 => "192.168.192.12",
:mem => "2048",
:cpu => "2",
:sshport => 22232
}
]
Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
config.vm.box = "centos/7"
boxes.each do |opts|
config.vm.define opts[:name] do |config|
config.vm.hostname = opts[:name]
config.vm.network :public_network, ip: opts[:eth1]
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 22, host: 2222, id: "ssh", disabled: "true"
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 22, host: opts[:sshport]
config.vm.provider "vmware_fusion" do |v|
v.vmx["memsize"] = opts[:mem]
v.vmx["numvcpus"] = opts[:cpu]
end
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--memory", opts[:mem]]
v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--cpus", opts[:cpu]]
v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--name", opts[:name]]
end
end
end
end
- 在Vagrantfile文件命令行目录，使用命令
vagrant up创建启动虚拟机
6.3 修改root密码
-
使用命令进入刚刚创建的虚拟机，如下为上面创建的3台虚拟机，可以选择多开cmd，或者依次处理。
vagrant ssh mastervagrant ssh slave1vagrant ssh slave2
-
使用
sudo -i命令进入root用户 -
使用
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config命令修改sshd_config文件，使root用户可以使用密码登录
PasswordAuthentication yes
- 使用
passwd设置密码
- 使用
systemctl restart sshd重启密码服务 - 即可使用远程工具登录Vagrantfile上指定ip的root用户。