0x01 PE文件格式
1.PE 文件结构
DOS header
DOS stub
PE File Header
Image Optional Header
Section Table
Data Directories
Sections
1.1 DOS header
以下代码均取自我自己的 win10 的winnt.h
typedef struct _IMAGE_DOS_HEADER { // DOS .EXE header
WORD e_magic; // Magic number
WORD e_cblp; // Bytes on last page of file
WORD e_cp; // Pages in file
WORD e_crlc; // Relocations
WORD e_cparhdr; // Size of header in paragraphs
WORD e_minalloc; // Minimum extra paragraphs needed
WORD e_maxalloc; // Maximum extra paragraphs needed
WORD e_ss; // Initial (relative) SS value
WORD e_sp; // Initial SP value
WORD e_csum; // Checksum
WORD e_ip; // Initial IP value
WORD e_cs; // Initial (relative) CS value
WORD e_lfarlc; // File address of relocation table
WORD e_ovno; // Overlay number
WORD e_res[4]; // Reserved words
WORD e_oemid; // OEM identifier (for e_oeminfo)
WORD e_oeminfo; // OEM information; e_oemid specific
WORD e_res2[10]; // Reserved words
LONG e_lfanew; // File address of new exe header
} IMAGE_DOS_HEADER, *PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER;
Magic number:
#define IMAGE_DOS_SIGNATURE 0x4D5A // MZ
#define IMAGE_OS2_SIGNATURE 0x4E45 // NE
#define IMAGE_OS2_SIGNATURE_LE 0x4C45 // LE
#define IMAGE_NT_SIGNATURE 0x50450000 // PE00
在 DOS header 中的 Magic number是 IMAGE_DOS_SIGNATURE ，也就是MZ。
1.2 DOS stub
DOS stub 是微软为了兼容DOS文件而设置的，没有固定的格式，一般会是一段混合了代码和数据的汇编代码。
1.3 NT 头
typedef struct _IMAGE_NT_HEADERS {
DWORD Signature;
IMAGE_FILE_HEADER FileHeader;
IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER32 OptionalHeader;
} IMAGE_NT_HEADERS32, *PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS32;
其中 Signature 就是 IMAGE_NT_SIGNATURE ,也就是 PE00
1.3.1 PE File Header
typedef struct _IMAGE_FILE_HEADER {
WORD Machine;
WORD NumberOfSections;
DWORD TimeDateStamp;
DWORD PointerToSymbolTable;
DWORD NumberOfSymbols;
WORD SizeOfOptionalHeader;
WORD Characteristics;
} IMAGE_FILE_HEADER, *PIMAGE_FILE_HEADER;
1.3.2 对于 Machine
它的可能值有以下几种：不过一般最常见的是 intel 386 和 intel 64 的。
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_UNKNOWN 0
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_TARGET_HOST 0x0001 // Useful for indicating we want to interact with the host and not a WoW guest.
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_I386 0x014c // Intel 386.
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_R3000 0x0162 // MIPS little-endian, 0x160 big-endian
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_R4000 0x0166 // MIPS little-endian
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_R10000 0x0168 // MIPS little-endian
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_WCEMIPSV2 0x0169 // MIPS little-endian WCE v2
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_ALPHA 0x0184 // Alpha_AXP
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_SH3 0x01a2 // SH3 little-endian
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_SH3DSP 0x01a3
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_SH3E 0x01a4 // SH3E little-endian
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_SH4 0x01a6 // SH4 little-endian
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_SH5 0x01a8 // SH5
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_ARM 0x01c0 // ARM Little-Endian
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_THUMB 0x01c2 // ARM Thumb/Thumb-2 Little-Endian
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_ARMNT 0x01c4 // ARM Thumb-2 Little-Endian
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_AM33 0x01d3
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_POWERPC 0x01F0 // IBM PowerPC Little-Endian
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_POWERPCFP 0x01f1
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_IA64 0x0200 // Intel 64
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_MIPS16 0x0266 // MIPS
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_ALPHA64 0x0284 // ALPHA64
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_MIPSFPU 0x0366 // MIPS
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_MIPSFPU16 0x0466 // MIPS
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_AXP64 IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_ALPHA64
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_TRICORE 0x0520 // Infineon
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_CEF 0x0CEF
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_EBC 0x0EBC // EFI Byte Code
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_AMD64 0x8664 // AMD64 (K8)
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_M32R 0x9041 // M32R little-endian
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_ARM64 0xAA64 // ARM64 Little-Endian
#define IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_CEE 0xC0EE
1.3.3 对于 Characteristics
有以下几种可能值：一般常见的有两个：IMAGE_FILE_EXECUTABLE_IMAGE 和 IMAGE_FILE_DLL
#define IMAGE_FILE_RELOCS_STRIPPED 0x0001 // Relocation info stripped from file.
#define IMAGE_FILE_EXECUTABLE_IMAGE 0x0002 // File is executable (i.e. no unresolved external references).
#define IMAGE_FILE_LINE_NUMS_STRIPPED 0x0004 // Line nunbers stripped from file.
#define IMAGE_FILE_LOCAL_SYMS_STRIPPED 0x0008 // Local symbols stripped from file.
#define IMAGE_FILE_AGGRESIVE_WS_TRIM 0x0010 // Aggressively trim working set
#define IMAGE_FILE_LARGE_ADDRESS_AWARE 0x0020 // App can handle >2gb addresses
#define IMAGE_FILE_BYTES_REVERSED_LO 0x0080 // Bytes of machine word are reversed.
#define IMAGE_FILE_32BIT_MACHINE 0x0100 // 32 bit word machine.
#define IMAGE_FILE_DEBUG_STRIPPED 0x0200 // Debugging info stripped from file in .DBG file
#define IMAGE_FILE_REMOVABLE_RUN_FROM_SWAP 0x0400 // If Image is on removable media, copy and run from the swap file.
#define IMAGE_FILE_NET_RUN_FROM_SWAP 0x0800 // If Image is on Net, copy and run from the swap file.
#define IMAGE_FILE_SYSTEM 0x1000 // System File.
#define IMAGE_FILE_DLL 0x2000 // File is a DLL.
#define IMAGE_FILE_UP_SYSTEM_ONLY 0x4000 // File should only be run on a UP machine
#define IMAGE_FILE_BYTES_REVERSED_HI 0x8000 // Bytes of machine word are reversed.
1.4 Image Optional Header
typedef struct _IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER {
//
// Standard fields.
//
WORD Magic;
BYTE MajorLinkerVersion;
BYTE MinorLinkerVersion;
DWORD SizeOfCode;
DWORD SizeOfInitializedData;
DWORD SizeOfUninitializedData;
DWORD AddressOfEntryPoint; // EP 的RVA值
DWORD BaseOfCode;
DWORD BaseOfData;
//
// NT additional fields.
//
DWORD ImageBase;
DWORD SectionAlignment;
DWORD FileAlignment;
WORD MajorOperatingSystemVersion;
WORD MinorOperatingSystemVersion;
WORD MajorImageVersion;
WORD MinorImageVersion;
WORD MajorSubsystemVersion;
WORD MinorSubsystemVersion;
DWORD Win32VersionValue;
DWORD SizeOfImage;
DWORD SizeOfHeaders;
DWORD CheckSum;
WORD Subsystem;
WORD DllCharacteristics;
DWORD SizeOfStackReserve;
DWORD SizeOfStackCommit;
DWORD SizeOfHeapReserve;
DWORD SizeOfHeapCommit;
DWORD LoaderFlags;
DWORD NumberOfRvaAndSizes;
IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY DataDirectory[IMAGE_NUMBEROF_DIRECTORY_ENTRIES];
// #define IMAGE_NUMBEROF_DIRECTORY_ENTRIES 16
} IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER32, *PIMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER32;
1.4.1 对于 Magic
有以下几种可能值：一般常见的是 IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDR32_MAGIC 和 IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDR64_MAGIC。
#define IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDR32_MAGIC 0x10b
#define IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDR64_MAGIC 0x20b
#define IMAGE_ROM_OPTIONAL_HDR_MAGIC 0x107
1.4.2 对于 Subsystem
有以下几种可能的值，一般常见的是 IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_NATIVE Driver文件 , IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_GUI 看、窗口应用程序, 和IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_CUI 控制台应用程序
// Subsystem Values
#define IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_UNKNOWN 0 // Unknown subsystem.
#define IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_NATIVE 1 // Image doesn't require a subsystem.
#define IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_GUI 2 // Image runs in the Windows GUI subsystem.
#define IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_CUI 3 // Image runs in the Windows character subsystem.
#define IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_OS2_CUI 5 // image runs in the OS/2 character subsystem.
#define IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_POSIX_CUI 7 // image runs in the Posix character subsystem.
#define IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_NATIVE_WINDOWS 8 // image is a native Win9x driver.
#define IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_CE_GUI 9 // Image runs in the Windows CE subsystem.
#define IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_EFI_APPLICATION 10 //
#define IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_EFI_BOOT_SERVICE_DRIVER 11 //
#define IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_EFI_RUNTIME_DRIVER 12 //
#define IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_EFI_ROM 13
#define IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_XBOX 14
#define IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_WINDOWS_BOOT_APPLICATION 16
#define IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_XBOX_CODE_CATALOG 17
1.4.3 对于 DataDirectory
// Directory Entries
#define IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT 0 // Export Directory
#define IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT 1 // Import Directory
#define IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_RESOURCE 2 // Resource Directory
#define IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXCEPTION 3 // Exception Directory
#define IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_SECURITY 4 // Security Directory
#define IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_BASERELOC 5 // Base Relocation Table
#define IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_DEBUG 6 // Debug Directory
// IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_COPYRIGHT 7 // (X86 usage)
#define IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_ARCHITECTURE 7 // Architecture Specific Data
#define IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_GLOBALPTR 8 // RVA of GP
#define IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_TLS 9 // TLS Directory
#define IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_LOAD_CONFIG 10 // Load Configuration Directory
#define IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_BOUND_IMPORT 11 // Bound Import Directory in headers
#define IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IAT 12 // Import Address Table
#define IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_DELAY_IMPORT 13 // Delay Load Import Descriptors
#define IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_COM_DESCRIPTOR 14 // COM Runtime descriptor
//
// Directory format.
//
typedef struct _IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY {
DWORD VirtualAddress;
DWORD Size;
} IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, *PIMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY;
1.5 Section Table
//
// Section header format.
//
#define IMAGE_SIZEOF_SHORT_NAME 8
typedef struct _IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER {
BYTE Name[IMAGE_SIZEOF_SHORT_NAME];
union {
DWORD PhysicalAddress;
DWORD VirtualSize; // 内存中 Section 所占大小
} Misc;
DWORD VirtualAddress; // 内存中 Section 起始位置 RVA
DWORD SizeOfRawData; // 文件中 Section 所占大小
DWORD PointerToRawData; // 文件中 Section 起始位置
DWORD PointerToRelocations;
DWORD PointerToLinenumbers;
WORD NumberOfRelocations;
WORD NumberOfLinenumbers;
DWORD Characteristics;
} IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER, *PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER;
#define IMAGE_SIZEOF_SECTION_HEADER 40
1.5.1 对于 Characteristics
Characteristics由以下的值组合（bit OR）而成。
//
// Section characteristics.
//
// IMAGE_SCN_TYPE_REG 0x00000000 // Reserved.
// IMAGE_SCN_TYPE_DSECT 0x00000001 // Reserved.
// IMAGE_SCN_TYPE_NOLOAD 0x00000002 // Reserved.
// IMAGE_SCN_TYPE_GROUP 0x00000004 // Reserved.
#define IMAGE_SCN_TYPE_NO_PAD 0x00000008 // Reserved.
// IMAGE_SCN_TYPE_COPY 0x00000010 // Reserved.
#define IMAGE_SCN_CNT_CODE 0x00000020 // Section contains code.
#define IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA 0x00000040 // Section contains initialized data.
#define IMAGE_SCN_CNT_UNINITIALIZED_DATA 0x00000080 // Section contains uninitialized data.
#define IMAGE_SCN_LNK_OTHER 0x00000100 // Reserved.
#define IMAGE_SCN_LNK_INFO 0x00000200 // Section contains comments or some other type of information.
// IMAGE_SCN_TYPE_OVER 0x00000400 // Reserved.
#define IMAGE_SCN_LNK_REMOVE 0x00000800 // Section contents will not become part of image.
#define IMAGE_SCN_LNK_COMDAT 0x00001000 // Section contents comdat.
// 0x00002000 // Reserved.
// IMAGE_SCN_MEM_PROTECTED - Obsolete 0x00004000
#define IMAGE_SCN_NO_DEFER_SPEC_EXC 0x00004000 // Reset speculative exceptions handling bits in the TLB entries for this section.
#define IMAGE_SCN_GPREL 0x00008000 // Section content can be accessed relative to GP
#define IMAGE_SCN_MEM_FARDATA 0x00008000
// IMAGE_SCN_MEM_SYSHEAP - Obsolete 0x00010000
#define IMAGE_SCN_MEM_PURGEABLE 0x00020000
#define IMAGE_SCN_MEM_16BIT 0x00020000
#define IMAGE_SCN_MEM_LOCKED 0x00040000
#define IMAGE_SCN_MEM_PRELOAD 0x00080000
#define IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_1BYTES 0x00100000 //
#define IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_2BYTES 0x00200000 //
#define IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_4BYTES 0x00300000 //
#define IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_8BYTES 0x00400000 //
#define IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_16BYTES 0x00500000 // Default alignment if no others are specified.
#define IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_32BYTES 0x00600000 //
#define IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_64BYTES 0x00700000 //
#define IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_128BYTES 0x00800000 //
#define IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_256BYTES 0x00900000 //
#define IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_512BYTES 0x00A00000 //
#define IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_1024BYTES 0x00B00000 //
#define IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_2048BYTES 0x00C00000 //
#define IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_4096BYTES 0x00D00000 //
#define IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_8192BYTES 0x00E00000 //
// Unused 0x00F00000
#define IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_MASK 0x00F00000
#define IMAGE_SCN_LNK_NRELOC_OVFL 0x01000000 // Section contains extended relocations.
#define IMAGE_SCN_MEM_DISCARDABLE 0x02000000 // Section can be discarded.
#define IMAGE_SCN_MEM_NOT_CACHED 0x04000000 // Section is not cachable.
#define IMAGE_SCN_MEM_NOT_PAGED 0x08000000 // Section is not pageable.
#define IMAGE_SCN_MEM_SHARED 0x10000000 // Section is shareable.
#define IMAGE_SCN_MEM_EXECUTE 0x20000000 // Section is executable.
#define IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ 0x40000000 // Section is readable.
#define IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE 0x80000000 // Section is writeable.
//
// TLS Characteristic Flags
//
#define IMAGE_SCN_SCALE_INDEX 0x00000001 // Tls index is scaled
RVA to RAW
RAW - PointerToRawData = RVA - VirtualAddress
所以
RAW = RVA - VirtualAddress + PointerToRawData
1.6 IAT
1.6.1 IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR
typedef struct _IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR {
union {
DWORD Characteristics; // 0 for terminating null import descriptor
DWORD OriginalFirstThunk; // RVA to original unbound IAT (INT)(PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA)
} DUMMYUNIONNAME;
DWORD TimeDateStamp; // 0 if not bound,
// -1 if bound, and real date ime stamp
// in IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_BOUND_IMPORT (new BIND)
// O.W. date/time stamp of DLL bound to (Old BIND)
DWORD ForwarderChain; // -1 if no forwarders
DWORD Name; // 库名称字符串地址 RVA
DWORD FirstThunk; // RVA to IAT (if bound this IAT has actual addresses)
} IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR;
typedef IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR UNALIGNED *PIMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR;
//
// Import Format
//
//@[comment("MVI_tracked")]
typedef struct _IMAGE_IMPORT_BY_NAME {
WORD Hint; // ordinal
CHAR Name[1]; // function name string
} IMAGE_IMPORT_BY_NAME, *PIMAGE_IMPORT_BY_NAME;
1.7 EAT
1.7.1 IMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY
//
// Export Format
//
//@[comment("MVI_tracked")]
typedef struct _IMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY {
DWORD Characteristics;
DWORD TimeDateStamp;
WORD MajorVersion;
WORD MinorVersion;
DWORD Name;
DWORD Base;
DWORD NumberOfFunctions;
DWORD NumberOfNames;
DWORD AddressOfFunctions; // RVA from base of image
DWORD AddressOfNames; // RVA from base of image
DWORD AddressOfNameOrdinals; // RVA from base of image
} IMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY, *PIMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY;