• 笔记-JavaWeb学习之旅11


    请求转发:一种在服务器内部的资源跳转方式

    使用步骤

    1.通过request对象获取请求转发器对象:RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path)参数是转发资源的路径

    2.使用Requestispatcher对象进行转发

    特点:浏览器地址栏路径不会发生变化,只能转发当前服务器内部资源,转发是一次请求

    共享数据

    域对象:一个有作用范围的对象,可以在范围内共享数据

    request域:代表一次请求的范围,一般用于请求转发的多个资源中共享数据

    方法:

    1. void setAttribute(String name,Object obj):存储数据
    2. Object getAttiude(Stirng name):通过键获取值
    3. void removeAttribute(String name):通过键移除键值对
    package com.Data.HttpServlet;
    
    import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    
    @WebServlet("/requestDemo1")
    public class RequestDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            //使用request对象的方法setAttribute将数据存储到request域中
            request.setAttribute("msg","Hello");
            System.out.println("RequestDemo1被访问了。。。。");
            //转发到requestDemo2
            RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("/requestDemo2");
            requestDispatcher.forward(request,response);
        }
    }
    
    
    package com.Data.HttpServlet;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    
    @WebServlet("/requestDemo2")
    public class RequestDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            //访问共享数据,通过键获取值
            System.out.println(request.getAttribute("msg"));
            System.out.println("RequestDemo2被访问了。。。");
        }
    }
    
    
    RequestDemo1被访问了。。。。
    Hello
    RequestDemo2被访问了。。。
    

    获取ServletContext:

    ServletContext getServletContext()

    HTTP响应消息

    服务器端发送给客户端的数据

    五种数据格式

    1.响应行

    1:组成:协议/版本 响应状态吗 状态码描述

    2.响应状态码:服务器告诉客户端浏览器本次请求和响应的一个状态,状态码都是3位数字有5种状态码

    1. 1xx :服务器接收客户端消息,但没有接收完成,等待一段时间后,发送1xx多状态码
    2. 2xx :成功 。代表数字:200
    3. 3xx :重定向。代表:302(重定向),304(访问缓存)
    4. 4xx :客户端错误。代表(404)请求路径没有对应的资源,405(请求方式没有对应的doxxx方法)
    5. 5xx : 服务端错误。代表:500(服务器内部出现异常,比如代码有错)

    2.响应头

    格式:头名称 :值

    常见的响应头

    Content-Type:服务器告诉客户端本次响应体数据格式以继编码格式

    Content-dispostition:服务器告诉客户端以什么格式打开响应体数据

    3.响应空行

    4响应体:传输的数据

    重定向:资源跳转方式

    package com.data;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    @WebServlet("/Demo1")
    public class ResponseServlet extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            System.out.println("demo1....");
            //完成重定向
            //设置状态码为302
            //response.setStatus(302);
            //设置响应头,头的名称,头的值
            //response.setHeader("location","/Demo2");
            //重定向可以访问其他站点资源
            //response.sendRedirect("https://www.baidu.com");//访问了百度
            //重定向
            response.sendRedirect("/Demo2");
            //设置共享数据
            request.setAttribute("msg","hello");
    
        }
    }
    
    
    package com.data;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    @WebServlet("/Demo2")
    public class ResponseServlet2 extends HttpServlet {
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            //重定向可以访问其他站点的资源
            System.out.println("demo2.....");
            //重定向不能访问共享数据
            Object o1 = request.getAttribute("msg");
            System.out.println(o1);
        }
    }
    
    
    输出结果
    
    demo1....
    demo2.....
    null
    

    重定向的特点:redirect

    1. 地址栏发生变化
    2. 重定向可以访问其它站点服务器的资源
    3. 重定向是两次请求,,不拿使用request对象来共享数据
    路径写法

    相对路径:通过相对路径不可以确定唯一资源

    绝对路径: 通过绝对路径可以确定唯一资源,给客户端浏览器使用需要加虚拟目录,给服务器使用,不需要加虚拟目录

    服务器输出字符数据到浏览器

    package com.data;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.PrintWriter;
    
    @WebServlet("/Demo3")
    public class ResponseServlet3 extends HttpServlet {
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            //使用响应头,告诉浏览器我使用的编码
            //浏览器收到响应,就会按照指定字符集解码
            response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
            //response.setHeader("content-type","text/html;charset=utf-8");
            //向客户端输出数据,先要获取字符输出流
            PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
            writer.write("<h1>你好,world</h1>");
        }
    }
    
    
    服务器输出字节数据到浏览器
    package com.data;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.PrintWriter;
    
    @WebServlet("/Demo3")
    public class ResponseServlet3 extends HttpServlet {
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
           response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
           ServletOutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();
           outputStream.write("你好,客户端".getBytes("utf-8"));
        }
    }
    
    
    验证码
    package com.data;
    
    
    import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.util.Random;
    
    @WebServlet("/Demo4")
    public class CheckCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
        @Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
            int width = 100;
            int height = 50;
            //创建对象,该对象可以在内存中生成图片
            BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
            //美化图片
            //填充背景色
            Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
            g.setColor(Color.PINK);
            g.fillRect(0,0,width,height);
            //画边框
            g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
            g.drawRect(0,0,width-1,height-1);
            String str="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
    
                //  写验证码
            Random ran = new Random();
            for(int i = 1;i<=4;i++){
                int index = ran.nextInt(str.length());
                char ch = str.charAt(index);
                g.drawString(ch+"",width/5*i,height/2);
            }
            g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
            for (int i = 0 ; i< 10 ;i++){
                int x1 = ran.nextInt(width);
                int x2 = ran.nextInt(width);
    
                int y1 = ran.nextInt(height);
                int y2 = ran.nextInt(height);
                g.drawLine(x1,y1,x2,y2);
            }
    
    
            //将图片输出到页面上
            ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",resp.getOutputStream());
    
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    
        }
    }
    
    
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
        <script>
            // 分析:
            //     点击超链接或者图片,需要换一张,
            //     给图片和超链接绑定单击事件
            window.onload=function () {
                //获取图片对象
                var img=document.getElementById("change");
                //绑定单击事件
                img.onclick=function () {
                   var date =new Date().getTime();
                    img.src="/day14/Demo4"+date;
                }
            }
        </script>
    </head>
    <body>
        <img id="checkCode" src="/day14/Demo4" />
        <a id="change" href="">看不清?换一张</a>
    </body>
    </html>
    
    ServletContext对象:

    1.概念:代表整个web应用,可以和程序的容器来通信

    获取方式:

    1.request.getServletContext();

    2.this.getServletContext();

    功能:获取MIME类型(在互联网通信过程种定义的一种文件数据类型,不如text/html,image/jpeg)

    package com.data;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    
    @WebServlet("/Demo5")
    public class ServletDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            //获取MIME类型
            ServletContext context=this.getServletContext();
            //定义文件名称
            String filename = "a.jpg";
            //获取MIME类型
            String mimeType = context.getMimeType(filename);
            System.out.println(mimeType);
        }
    }
    
    //image/jpeg
    

    功能:域对象,共享数据

    域对象的方法

    setArrtibute(String name,Object value)

    getAttribute(String name)

    removeAttribute(String name)

    功能:获取文件服务器路径

    文件在项目目录下,可以直接文件名获取路径
    在WEB-INF目录下,需要加上WEB-INF才可以获取
    src目录下的所有文件将来都存放在/WEB-INF/classes目录下
    
    package com.data;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    
    @WebServlet("/Demo5")
    public class ServletDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            //获取web目录下的资源访问
            ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
            String realPath = context.getRealPath("/b.txt");//b.txt在项目目录下,可以直接文件名获取路径
            System.out.println(realPath);
            //获取WEB-INF目录下的资源访问
            String realPath1 = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/c.txt");//c.txt在WEB-INF目录下,需要加上WEB-INF才可以获取到路径
            System.out.println(realPath1);
            //获取src目录下的资源能路径
            String realPath2 = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/a.txt");//src目录下的所有文件将来都存放在/WEB-INF/classes目录下
            System.out.println(realPath2);
        }
    }
    
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/train99999/p/10995626.html
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