• Consumer


    Description
    FJ is going to do some shopping, and before that, he needs some boxes to carry the different kinds of stuff he is going to buy. Each box is assigned to carry some specific kinds of stuff (that is to say, if he is going to buy one of these stuff, he has to buy the box beforehand). Each kind of stuff has its own value. Now FJ only has an amount of W dollars for shopping, he intends to get the highest value with the money.
    Input
    The first line will contain two integers, n (the number of boxes 1 <= n <= 50), w (the amount of money FJ has, 1 <= w <= 100000) Then n lines follow. Each line contains the following number pi (the price of the ith box 1<=pi<=1000), mi (1<=mi<=10 the number goods ith box can carry), and mi pairs of numbers, the price cj (1<=cj<=100), the value vj(1<=vj<=1000000)
    Output
    For each test case, output the maximum value FJ can get
    SampleInput
    3 800
    300 2 30 50 25 80
    600 1 50 130
    400 3 40 70 30 40 35 60
    SampleOutput
    210

    这个算法的思想为设立一个dp[i][j],j上面的数字表示已经花费的金额,i代表背包标号。dp[i][j]表示花费j金额时获得的价值
    t(t>=j)为初始拥有的金钱是,准确的来讲dp[i][j]到dp[i][t]都等于dp[i][j]为花费j金额时获得的价值
    这里又要纠正一个误区,当开始想这道题的时候想着分成一个盒子的情况和两个盒子的情况,依次类推。。。。
    这就是没有动态规划的思想,用动态规划的思想是依次遍历每个箱子,用一个dp[][]来记录此时的最大价值,随着不断遍历每个箱子
    这个dp[][]的值也会不断的得到更新(用max()函数更新)等到把所有的箱子遍历好后就是最优解。
    dp遍历方式类似广度优先的遍历。
     1 #include<stdio.h>  
     2 #include<string.h>  
     3 #define wsize 100010  
     4 #define nsize 65  
     5 #define msize 11  
     6 int dp[nsize][wsize];        
     7 int n,t,box,num;  
     8 int max(int a,int b)  
     9 {  
    10     return a>b?a:b;  
    11 }
    12   
    13 int main ()  
    14 {  
    15     int i,j,k;  
    16     while(scanf("%d %d",&n,&t)!=EOF)  
    17     {  
    18        memset(dp,-1,sizeof(dp));   //有依赖关系,要赋初值-1  
    19         memset(dp[0],0,sizeof(dp[0]));   //对于二维数组memset如果用dp则表示把二维数组的所有值赋值,如果用dp[0]则表示把第0行赋值
    20         for(i=1;i<=n;i++)  
    21        {  
    22             scanf("%d %d",&box,&num);  
    23             for(k=box;k<=t;k++)  
    24                dp[i][k]=dp[i-1][k-box];  //先让i层买盒子,因为盒子没有价值,所以直接等于上一层的花费+盒子钱  
    25             for(j=0;j<num;j++)             //在已花费盒子钱的基础上,此时再对dp[i]层做01背包,即i层一个盒子多种物品的最大价值         
    26            {  
    27                 int c,w;  
    28                 scanf("%d %d",&c,&w);   
    29                 for(k=t;k>=c;k--)      
    30                 { 
    31                   if(dp[i][k-c]!=-1)  //因为开始的时候box到t都已经赋值,这个是钱的范围,这时小于box的地方全是-1即不买大盒子是不能装有价值的小盒子
    32                         dp[i][k]=max(dp[i][k],dp[i][k-c]+w);  // 这里不能dp[i][k]=max(dp[i][j],dp[i][k-box-c]+w) 
    33                                                             //因为已经买过盒子了,这个表达式代表一个盒子基础上一个物品带一个盒子  
    34                 }  
    35            }  
    36             for(j=0;j<=t;j++)  
    37           {               // 当遍历完一个箱子以后,要把花费不用钱的价值和之前盒子作比较,取两者中最大的即局部最优,然后等待和下一组进行比较
    38                 dp[i][j]=max(dp[i][j],dp[i-1][j]);    
    39            }  
    40         }  
    41        printf("%d
    ",dp[n][t]);  
    42     }  
    43     return 0;  
    44 }  
    View Code
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/to-creat/p/5011130.html
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