• 实验 3:Mininet 实验——测量路径的损耗率


    一、实验目的 

    • 在实验 2 的基础上进一步熟悉 Mininet 自定义拓扑脚本,以及与损耗率相关的设定;初步了解 Mininet 安装时自带的 POX 控制器脚本编写,测试路径损耗率。

    二、实验任务

    •  h0 向 h1 发送数据包,由于在 Mininet 脚本中设置了连接损耗率,在传输过程中会丢失一些包,本次实验的目的是展示如何通过控制器计算路径损耗速率(h0s0-s1-h1)。这里假设控制器预先知道网络拓扑。控制器将向 s0 和 s1 发送flow_stats_request,当控制器接收到来自 s0 的 response 时,将特定流的数据包数保存在 input_pkts 中,当控制器接收到来自 s1 的 response 时,将接收到特定流的数据包数保存在 output_pkts 中,差值就是丢失的数据包数量。 基于上述拓扑,编写 Mininet 脚本,设置特定的交换机间的路径损耗速率,然后编写 POX 控制器脚本,实现对路径的损耗率的测量。

    三、实验步骤 

     1. 实验环境

     安装了 Ubuntu 16.04.5 Desktop amd64 的虚拟机

    2.实验过程

     SDNLAB 实验参考资料:https://www.sdnlab.com/15100.html
    (1)新建并编辑 pox 脚本 flowstat.py:
    脚本flowstat.py如下,来自于参考资料。

    #!/usr/bin/python
    # standard includes
    from pox.core import core
    from pox.lib.util import dpidToStr
    import pox.openflow.libopenflow_01 as of
    from pox.lib.addresses import IPAddr, EthAddr
     
    # include as part of the betta branch
    from pox.openflow.of_json import *
    from pox.lib.recoco import Timer
    import time
     
    log = core.getLogger()
     
    src_dpid = 0
    dst_dpid = 0
    input_pkts = 0
    output_pkts = 0
     
    def getTheTime():  #fuction to create a timestamp
      flock = time.localtime()
      then = "[%s-%s-%s" %(str(flock.tm_year),str(flock.tm_mon),str(flock.tm_mday))
      
      if int(flock.tm_hour)<10:
        hrs = "0%s" % (str(flock.tm_hour))
      else:
        hrs = str(flock.tm_hour)
      if int(flock.tm_min)<10:
        mins = "0%s" % (str(flock.tm_min))
      else:
        mins = str(flock.tm_min)
      if int(flock.tm_sec)<10:
        secs = "0%s" % (str(flock.tm_sec))
      else:
        secs = str(flock.tm_sec)
      then +="]%s.%s.%s" % (hrs,mins,secs)
      return then
     
    # handler for timer function that sends the requests to all the
    # switches connected to the controller.
    def _timer_func ():
      for connection in core.openflow._connections.values():
        connection.send(of.ofp_stats_request(body=of.ofp_flow_stats_request()))
        connection.send(of.ofp_stats_request(body=of.ofp_port_stats_request()))
      log.debug("Sent %i flow/port stats request(s)", len(core.openflow._connections))
     
    # handler to display flow statistics received in JSON format
    # structure of event.stats is defined by ofp_flow_stats()
    def _handle_flowstats_received (event):
       #stats = flow_stats_to_list(event.stats)
       #log.debug("FlowStatsReceived from %s: %s", dpidToStr(event.connection.dpid), stats)
       global src_dpid, dst_dpid, input_pkts, output_pkts
       #print "src_dpid=", dpidToStr(src_dpid), "dst_dpid=", dpidToStr(dst_dpid)
       for f in event.stats:
         if f.match.dl_type==0x0800 and f.match.nw_dst==IPAddr("192.168.123.2") and f.match.nw_tos==0x64 and event.connection.dpid==src_dpid: 
           #print "input: ", f.byte_count, f.packet_count
           input_pkts = f.packet_count
         if f.match.dl_type==0x0800 and f.match.nw_dst==IPAddr("192.168.123.2") and f.match.nw_tos==0x64 and event.connection.dpid==dst_dpid:
           #print "output: ", f.byte_count, f.packet_count  
           output_pkts = f.packet_count
           if input_pkts !=0:
             print getTheTime(), "Path Loss Rate =", (input_pkts-output_pkts)*1.0/input_pkts*100, "%"
     
    # handler to display port statistics received in JSON format
    def _handle_portstats_received (event):
       #print "
    <<<STATS-REPLY: Return PORT stats for Switch", event.connection.dpid,"at ",getTheTime()
       #for f in event.stats:
          #if int(f.port_no)<65534:
            #print "   PortNo:", f.port_no, " Fwd's Pkts:", f.tx_packets, " Fwd's Bytes:", f.tx_bytes, " Rc'd Pkts:", f.rx_packets, " Rc's Bytes:", f.rx_bytes
            #print "   PortNo:", f.port_no,  " TxDrop:", f.tx_dropped, " RxDrop:", f.rx_dropped, " TxErr:", f.tx_errors, " RxErr:", f.rx_errors, " CRC:", f.rx_crc_err, " Coll:", f.collisions 
      stats = flow_stats_to_list(event.stats)
      log.debug("PortStatsReceived from %s: %s", dpidToStr(event.connection.dpid), stats)
     
    def _handle_ConnectionUp (event):
      global src_dpid, dst_dpid
      print "ConnectionUp: ", dpidToStr(event.connection.dpid)
      for m in event.connection.features.ports:
        if m.name == "s0-eth0":
          src_dpid = event.connection.dpid
        elif m.name == "s1-eth0":
          dst_dpid = event.connection.dpid
     
      msg = of.ofp_flow_mod()
      msg.priority =1
      msg.idle_timeout = 0
      msg.match.in_port =1
      msg.actions.append(of.ofp_action_output(port = of.OFPP_ALL))
      event.connection.send(msg)
     
      msg = of.ofp_flow_mod()
      msg.priority =1
      msg.idle_timeout = 0
      msg.match.in_port =2
      msg.actions.append(of.ofp_action_output(port = of.OFPP_ALL))
      event.connection.send(msg)
     
      msg = of.ofp_flow_mod()
      msg.priority =10
      msg.idle_timeout = 0
      msg.hard_timeout = 0
      msg.match.dl_type = 0x0800
      msg.match.nw_tos = 0x64
      msg.match.in_port=1
      msg.match.nw_dst = "192.168.123.2"
      msg.actions.append(of.ofp_action_output(port = 2))
      event.connection.send(msg)
     
      msg = of.ofp_flow_mod()
      msg.priority =10
      msg.idle_timeout = 0
      msg.hard_timeout = 0
      msg.match.dl_type = 0x0800
      msg.match.nw_tos = 0x64
      msg.match.nw_dst = "192.168.123.1"
      msg.actions.append(of.ofp_action_output(port = 1))
      event.connection.send(msg)
        
    # main functiont to launch the module
    def launch ():
      # attach handsers to listners
      core.openflow.addListenerByName("FlowStatsReceived", 
        _handle_flowstats_received) 
      core.openflow.addListenerByName("PortStatsReceived", 
        _handle_portstats_received) 
      core.openflow.addListenerByName("ConnectionUp", _handle_ConnectionUp)
     
      # timer set to execute every five seconds
      Timer(1, _timer_func, recurring=True)

     在 pox 安装目录下(Mininet 完整安装包含了 pox)执行以下命令运行 pox 脚本 
    $ ./pox.py flowstat

    (2)编辑 Mininet 脚本 mymininet3.py 

     参照拓扑图,新建并编辑 Mininet 脚本 mymininet3.py,控制器因为安装在本机,所以需修改参考资料代码中的控制器地址为 127.0.0.1:6633。

     设置 s0 和 s1 之间链路的丢包率为 0

     再执行命令运行 Mininet 脚本 mymininet3.py 

    $ sudo python mymininet3.py
     

    Ping 默认是每 1 秒钟测一次,ping 的结果会显示一个丢包率,这里的丢包率是根据 ping 不通的次数占总次数的百分比计算得到的。上图中由于一共 ping 了 20次,每次都能通,所以丢包率是 0。 

    观察 pox 侧的实时状态更新 

    平均丢包率为 0,结果符合 Mininet 脚本中设置的损耗率,也有可能出现负值,可以认为没有丢包。

    如果修改代码中 s0 和 s1 之间链路的丢包率为 10。

     
     重新运行 Mininet 脚本 mymininet3.py,20 秒时间的 ping 过程中有 icmp_seq 为2/3 共 2 次 ping 不通,所以丢包率计算为 10%

     

     POX 端重新测试,会发现出现丢包现象,但是实际测量出的丢包率会有浮动,链路的性能总体受到了限制。

    四、实验心得 

    本次实验难度还好,把整个实验流程看懂后,做下来实验思路很清晰。实验主要是一些细节上的操作花了些时间,比如在pox里由于权限无法编写脚本flowstat.py,所以一开始将写好的代码放在sdn路径,咨询老师后,将脚本移动进去后即可。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/tingfa/p/13709534.html
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