先看看文档对于Scheduler的作用介绍
https://code4craft.gitbooks.io/webmagic-in-action/content/zh/posts/ch1-overview/architecture.html
之前我们也介绍过了，Scheduler主要负责爬虫的下一步爬取的规划，包括一些去重等功能。在主流程中也看到了Scheduler，现在来具体结合源码分析
源码
Scheduler是一个接口
public interface Scheduler {
/**
* add a url to fetch
*
* @param request
* @param task
*/
public void push(Request request, Task task);
/**
* get an url to crawl
*
* @param task the task of spider
* @return the url to crawl
*/
public Request poll(Task task);
}
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其主要的实现是DuplicateRemovedScheduler，使用模板模式定义了push的步骤。
public abstract class DuplicateRemovedScheduler implements Scheduler {
protected Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
private DuplicateRemover duplicatedRemover = new HashSetDuplicateRemover();
public DuplicateRemover getDuplicateRemover() {
return duplicatedRemover;
}
public DuplicateRemovedScheduler setDuplicateRemover(DuplicateRemover duplicatedRemover) {
this.duplicatedRemover = duplicatedRemover;
return this;
}
@Override
public void push(Request request, Task task) {
logger.trace("get a candidate url {}", request.getUrl());
if (!duplicatedRemover.isDuplicate(request, task) || shouldReserved(request)) {
logger.debug("push to queue {}", request.getUrl());
pushWhenNoDuplicate(request, task);
}
}
protected boolean shouldReserved(Request request) {
return request.getExtra(Request.CYCLE_TRIED_TIMES) != null;
}
protected void pushWhenNoDuplicate(Request request, Task task) {
}
}
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我们来看看负责去重的接口DuplicateRemover，其实现类有HashSetDuplicateRemover使用HashSet来去重，RedisScheduler接触Redis来去重和BloomFilterDuplicateRemover使用BloomFilter去重。默认使用HashSetDuplicateRemover
public class HashSetDuplicateRemover implements DuplicateRemover {
private Set<String> urls = Sets.newSetFromMap(new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Boolean>());
@Override
public boolean isDuplicate(Request request, Task task) {
return !urls.add(getUrl(request));
}
protected String getUrl(Request request) {
return request.getUrl();
}
@Override
public void resetDuplicateCheck(Task task) {
urls.clear();
}
@Override
public int getTotalRequestsCount(Task task) {
return urls.size();
}
}
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DuplicateRemovedScheduler抽象类有四个具体实现类QueueScheduler，PriorityScheduler，FileCacheQueueScheduler和RedisScheduler。默认使用QueueScheduler
@ThreadSafe
public class QueueScheduler extends DuplicateRemovedScheduler implements MonitorableScheduler {
private BlockingQueue<Request> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Request>();
@Override
public void pushWhenNoDuplicate(Request request, Task task) {
queue.add(request);
}
@Override
public synchronized Request poll(Task task) {
return queue.poll();
}
@Override
public int getLeftRequestsCount(Task task) {
return queue.size();
}
@Override
public int getTotalRequestsCount(Task task) {
return getDuplicateRemover().getTotalRequestsCount(task);
}
}
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其内部是使用了一个LinkedBlockingQueue这个无界队列来存储Request，我们应该看到了@ThreadSafe注解，那我抛一个问题吧。Scheduler是否存在线程同步问题呢，如果存在那是如何解决的呢？
再来看下一个
@ThreadSafe
public class PriorityScheduler extends DuplicateRemovedScheduler implements MonitorableScheduler {
public static final int INITIAL_CAPACITY = 5;
private BlockingQueue<Request> noPriorityQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Request>();
private PriorityBlockingQueue<Request> priorityQueuePlus = new PriorityBlockingQueue<Request>(INITIAL_CAPACITY, new Comparator<Request>() {
@Override
public int compare(Request o1, Request o2) {
return -NumberUtils.compareLong(o1.getPriority(), o2.getPriority());
}
});
private PriorityBlockingQueue<Request> priorityQueueMinus = new PriorityBlockingQueue<Request>(INITIAL_CAPACITY, new Comparator<Request>() {
@Override
public int compare(Request o1, Request o2) {
return -NumberUtils.compareLong(o1.getPriority(), o2.getPriority());
}
});
@Override
public void pushWhenNoDuplicate(Request request, Task task) {
if (request.getPriority() == 0) {
noPriorityQueue.add(request);
} else if (request.getPriority() > 0) {
priorityQueuePlus.put(request);
} else {
priorityQueueMinus.put(request);
}
}
@Override
public synchronized Request poll(Task task) {
Request poll = priorityQueuePlus.poll();
if (poll != null) {
return poll;
}
poll = noPriorityQueue.poll();
if (poll != null) {
return poll;
}
return priorityQueueMinus.poll();
}
@Override
public int getLeftRequestsCount(Task task) {
return noPriorityQueue.size();
}
@Override
public int getTotalRequestsCount(Task task) {
return getDuplicateRemover().getTotalRequestsCount(task);
}
}
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我们看到了两个PriorityBlockingQueue和一个LinkedBlockingQueue。在poll的时候存在一个顺序。
继续
public class FileCacheQueueScheduler extends DuplicateRemovedScheduler implements MonitorableScheduler {
private String filePath = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir");
private String fileUrlAllName = ".urls.txt";
private Task task;
private String fileCursor = ".cursor.txt";
private PrintWriter fileUrlWriter;
private PrintWriter fileCursorWriter;
private AtomicInteger cursor = new AtomicInteger();
private AtomicBoolean inited = new AtomicBoolean(false);
private BlockingQueue<Request> queue;
private Set<String> urls;
public FileCacheQueueScheduler(String filePath) {
if (!filePath.endsWith("/") && !filePath.endsWith("\")) {
filePath += "/";
}
this.filePath = filePath;
}
private void flush() {
fileUrlWriter.flush();
fileCursorWriter.flush();
}
private void init(Task task) {
this.task = task;
File file = new File(filePath);
if (!file.exists()) {
file.mkdirs();
}
readFile();
initWriter();
initFlushThread();
inited.set(true);
logger.info("init cache scheduler success");
}
private void initFlushThread() {
Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1).scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
flush();
}
}, 10, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
private void initWriter() {
try {
fileUrlWriter = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter(getFileName(fileUrlAllName), true));
fileCursorWriter = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter(getFileName(fileCursor), false));
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("init cache scheduler error", e);
}
}
private void readFile() {
try {
queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Request>();
urls = new LinkedHashSet<String>();
readCursorFile();
readUrlFile();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
//init
logger.info("init cache file " + getFileName(fileUrlAllName));
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("init file error", e);
}
}
private void readUrlFile() throws IOException {
String line;
BufferedReader fileUrlReader = null;
try {
fileUrlReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(getFileName(fileUrlAllName)));
int lineReaded = 0;
while ((line = fileUrlReader.readLine()) != null) {
urls.add(line.trim());
lineReaded++;
if (lineReaded > cursor.get()) {
queue.add(new Request(line));
}
}
} finally {
if (fileUrlReader != null) {
IOUtils.closeQuietly(fileUrlReader);
}
}
}
private void readCursorFile() throws IOException {
BufferedReader fileCursorReader = null;
try {
fileCursorReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(getFileName(fileCursor)));
String line;
//read the last number
while ((line = fileCursorReader.readLine()) != null) {
cursor = new AtomicInteger(NumberUtils.toInt(line));
}
} finally {
if (fileCursorReader != null) {
IOUtils.closeQuietly(fileCursorReader);
}
}
}
private String getFileName(String filename) {
return filePath + task.getUUID() + filename;
}
@Override
protected void pushWhenNoDuplicate(Request request, Task task) {
if (!inited.get()) {
init(task);
}
queue.add(request);
fileUrlWriter.println(request.getUrl());
}
@Override
public synchronized Request poll(Task task) {
if (!inited.get()) {
init(task);
}
fileCursorWriter.println(cursor.incrementAndGet());
return queue.poll();
}
@Override
public int getLeftRequestsCount(Task task) {
return queue.size();
}
@Override
public int getTotalRequestsCount(Task task) {
return getDuplicateRemover().getTotalRequestsCount(task);
}
}
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会将url和已经执行的url指针存在两个文件中，创建了scheduleExecutor定期的flush，所有内存中的url还是存在BlockingQueue中。
RedisScheduler不是很懂。。目前还没有接触过：）
使用
具体使用过程还是需要自己根据自己的爬虫特点然后选择特定的Scheduler及DuplicateRemover，只有懂得其原理才能选择最合适的组件。
WebMagic组件都可以自行设置这点真的太棒了~