• 详细解读Volley(二)—— ImageRequest & Request简介


    上篇文章我们讲到了如何用volley进行简单的网络请求,我们可以很容易的接受到string、JsonObjec类型的返回结果,之前的例子仅仅是一次请求,这里需要说明volley本身就是适合高并发的,所以它可以运行你用volley在短时间内进行多次请求,并且不用去手动管理线程数。仅仅是请求文字过于基础了,本篇将讲述如何用volley从网络下载图片。

    一、用ImageRequest来请求图片

    ImageRequest是一个图片请求对象,它继承自Request<Bitmap>,所以请求得到的结果是一个bitmap。

    1.1 使用步骤

    ImageRequest仍旧是一个request对象,所以使用方式和StringRequest、JsonObjectRequest、JsonArrayRequest十分相似。

    步骤:

    1. 建立一个RequestQueue对象
    2. 建立一个ImageRequest对象
    3. 将ImageRequest添加到RequestQueue中

    第一步、第三步我们在上篇文章中已经做好了,如果不清楚的话可以去上一篇文章查看。

    1.2 分析构造函数

    源码中的构造函数是这样定义的:

        public ImageRequest(String url, Response.Listener<Bitmap> listener, int maxWidth, int maxHeight,
                Config decodeConfig, Response.ErrorListener errorListener) {
            super(Method.GET, url, errorListener);
            setRetryPolicy(
                    new DefaultRetryPolicy(IMAGE_TIMEOUT_MS, IMAGE_MAX_RETRIES, IMAGE_BACKOFF_MULT));
            mListener = listener;
            mDecodeConfig = decodeConfig;
            mMaxWidth = maxWidth;
            mMaxHeight = maxHeight;
        }

    默认的请求方式是GET,初始化方法需要传入:图片的url,一个响应结果监听器,图片的最大宽度,图片的最大高度,图片的颜色属性,出错响应的监听器。

    说明:图片的颜色属性,Bitmap.Config下的几个常量都可以在这里使用,其中ARGB_8888可以展示最好的颜色属性,每个图片像素占据4个字节的大小,而RGB_565则表示每个图片像素占据2个字节大小

        /** Socket timeout in milliseconds for image requests */
        private static final int IMAGE_TIMEOUT_MS = 1000;
    
        /** Default number of retries for image requests */
        private static final int IMAGE_MAX_RETRIES = 2;
    
        /** Default backoff multiplier for image requests */
        private static final float IMAGE_BACKOFF_MULT = 2f;
    • 设定超时时间:1000ms;
    • 最大的请求次数:2次;
    • 发生冲突时的重传延迟增加数:2f(这个应该和TCP协议有关,冲突时需要退避一段时间,然后再次请求);

    1.3 解释maxWidth,maxHeight参数

    注释中详细说明了图片宽高的意义和作用,为了便于理解我再详细说一下。

        /**
         * Creates a new image request, decoding to a maximum specified width and
         * height. If both width and height are zero, the image will be decoded to
         * its natural size. If one of the two is nonzero, that dimension will be
         * clamped and the other one will be set to preserve the image's aspect
         * ratio. If both width and height are nonzero, the image will be decoded to
         * be fit in the rectangle of dimensions width x height while keeping its
         * aspect ratio.
         *
         * @param url URL of the image
         * @param listener Listener to receive the decoded bitmap
         * @param maxWidth Maximum width to decode this bitmap to, or zero for none
         * @param maxHeight Maximum height to decode this bitmap to, or zero for
         *            none
         * @param decodeConfig Format to decode the bitmap to
         * @param errorListener Error listener, or null to ignore errors
         */

    先来完整解释下注释的意思:

    • 建立一个请求对象,按照最大宽高进行解码 。
    • 如果设定的宽和高都是0,那么下载到的图片将会按照实际的大小进行解码,也就是不压缩。
    • 如果宽和高中的一个或两个值不为0,那么图片的宽/高(取决于你设定了宽还是高)会压缩至设定好的值,而另一个宽/高将会按原始比例改变。
    • 如果宽和高都不是0,那么得到的图片将会“按比例”解码到你设定的宽高,也就是说最终得到的图片大小不一定是你最初设定的大小。

    举个例子:

    我的图片原本像素是:850x1200.

    maxWidth = 0,maxHeight = 0时,最终得到的bitmap的宽高是850x1200

    当maxWidth = 0,maxHeight = 600时,得到的bitmap是425x600.这就说明它会按照一个不为0的边的值,将图片进行等比缩放。

    当maxWidth = 100,maxHeight = 600时,我们得到的bitmap竟然是100x141,是按照100进行等比缩小后的图片,而不是100x600.

    要弄清这个问题,我们还得看源码,源码中解析响应结果的方法叫做doParse(…)

        /**
         * The real guts of parseNetworkResponse. Broken out for readability.
         */
        private Response<Bitmap> doParse(NetworkResponse response) {
            byte[] data = response.data;
            BitmapFactory.Options decodeOptions = new BitmapFactory.Options();
            Bitmap bitmap = null;
            if (mMaxWidth == 0 && mMaxHeight == 0) {
           // 如果宽高都是0,那么就返回原始尺寸
                decodeOptions.inPreferredConfig = mDecodeConfig;
                bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length, decodeOptions);
            } else {
                // If we have to resize this image, first get the natural bounds.
          // 如果我们已经重设了image的尺寸(宽高中有一个或两个不为0),那么先得到原始的大小
    
                decodeOptions.inJustDecodeBounds = true; // 设置先不得到bitmap,仅仅获取bitmap的参数。
                BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length, decodeOptions); // 第一次解码,主要获得的是bitmap的实际宽、高
                int actualWidth = decodeOptions.outWidth; // 得到bitmap的宽
                int actualHeight = decodeOptions.outHeight; // 得到bitmap的高
    
                // Then compute the dimensions we would ideally like to decode to.
                // 然后计算我们想要得到的最终尺寸
                int desiredWidth = getResizedDimension(mMaxWidth, mMaxHeight,
                        actualWidth, actualHeight);
                int desiredHeight = getResizedDimension(mMaxHeight, mMaxWidth,
                        actualHeight, actualWidth);
    
                // Decode to the nearest power of two scaling factor.
                // 把图片解码到最接近2的幂次方的大小
                decodeOptions.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
                // TODO(ficus): Do we need this or is it okay since API 8 doesn't support it?
                // decodeOptions.inPreferQualityOverSpeed = PREFER_QUALITY_OVER_SPEED;
                decodeOptions.inSampleSize =
                    findBestSampleSize(actualWidth, actualHeight, desiredWidth, desiredHeight);
                Bitmap tempBitmap =
                    BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length, decodeOptions);
    
                // If necessary, scale down to the maximal acceptable size.
                // 如果有必要的话,把得到的bitmap的最大边进行压缩来适应尺寸
                if (tempBitmap != null && (tempBitmap.getWidth() > desiredWidth ||
                        tempBitmap.getHeight() > desiredHeight)) {
                    // 通过createScaledBitmap来压缩到目标尺寸
                    bitmap = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(tempBitmap,
                            desiredWidth, desiredHeight, true);
                    tempBitmap.recycle();
                } else {
                    bitmap = tempBitmap;
                }
            }
            if (bitmap == null) {
                return Response.error(new ParseError(response));
            } else {
                return Response.success(bitmap, HttpHeaderParser.parseCacheHeaders(response));
            }
        }
        
        /**
         * Returns the largest power-of-two divisor for use in downscaling a bitmap
         * that will not result in the scaling past the desired dimensions.
         *
         * @param actualWidth Actual width of the bitmap
         * @param actualHeight Actual height of the bitmap
         * @param desiredWidth Desired width of the bitmap
         * @param desiredHeight Desired height of the bitmap
         */
        // Visible for testing.
        static int findBestSampleSize(
                int actualWidth, int actualHeight, int desiredWidth, int desiredHeight) {
                    // 计算inSampleSize的方法,详细知识自行百度吧。最终原图会被压缩为inSampleSize分之一
                    // inSampleSize的值计算出来都是2的幂次方
            double wr = (double) actualWidth / desiredWidth;
            double hr = (double) actualHeight / desiredHeight;
            double ratio = Math.min(wr, hr);
            float n = 1.0f;
            while ((n * 2) <= ratio) {
                n *= 2;
            }
    
            return (int) n;
        }

    此时我们发现重要的方法是getResizedDimension,它最终确定了图片的最终尺寸。

        /**
         * Scales one side of a rectangle to fit aspect ratio.
         *
         * @param maxPrimary Maximum size of the primary dimension (i.e. width for
         *        max width), or zero to maintain aspect ratio with secondary
         *        dimension
         * @param maxSecondary Maximum size of the secondary dimension, or zero to
         *        maintain aspect ratio with primary dimension
         * @param actualPrimary Actual size of the primary dimension
         * @param actualSecondary Actual size of the secondary dimension
         */
        private static int getResizedDimension(int maxPrimary, int maxSecondary, int actualPrimary,
                int actualSecondary) {
            // If no dominant value at all, just return the actual.
            if (maxPrimary == 0 && maxSecondary == 0) {
                return actualPrimary;
            }
    
            // If primary is unspecified, scale primary to match secondary's scaling ratio.
            if (maxPrimary == 0) {
                double ratio = (double) maxSecondary / (double) actualSecondary;
                return (int) (actualPrimary * ratio);
            }
    
            if (maxSecondary == 0) {
                return maxPrimary;
            }
    
            double ratio = (double) actualSecondary / (double) actualPrimary;
            int resized = maxPrimary;
            if (resized * ratio > maxSecondary) {
                resized = (int) (maxSecondary / ratio);
            }
            return resized;
        }

    在我们目标宽、高都不为0时会调用下面的代码段:

    double ratio = (double) actualSecondary / (double) actualPrimary;
            int resized = maxPrimary;
            if (resized * ratio > maxSecondary) {
                resized = (int) (maxSecondary / ratio);
            }

    它会计算一个ratio(比值),这就是为啥它会按比例缩小的原因。

    1.4 初始化对象并使用

            ImageRequest imageRequest = new ImageRequest(
                    "http://img5.duitang.com/uploads/item/201409/14/20140914162144_MBEmX.jpeg", 
                    new ResponseListener(), 
                    0, // 图片的宽度,如果是0,就不会进行压缩,否则会根据数值进行压缩
                    0, // 图片的高度,如果是0,就不进行压缩,否则会压缩
                    Config.ARGB_8888, // 图片的颜色属性
                    new ResponseErrorListener());

    监听器:

        private class ResponseListener implements Response.Listener<Bitmap> {
    
            @Override
            public void onResponse(Bitmap response) {
               //  Log.d("TAG", "-------------
    " + response.toString());
                iv.setImageBitmap(response);
            }
        }
    
        private class ResponseErrorListener implements Response.ErrorListener {
    
            @Override
            public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError error) {
                Log.e("TAG", error.getMessage(), error);
            }
        }

    最后将其添加到请求队列即可:

     mQueue.add(imageRequest);

    1.5   题外话

    这样我们就用volley获得了网络图片,代码也十分简单。你可能会说,有没有其他的,更好的方式来获取图片呢?当然有的,比如volley还提供了ImageLoader、NetworkImageView这样的对象,它们可以更加方便的获取图片。值得一提的是这两个对象的内部都是使用了ImageRequest进行操作的,也就是说imageRequest是本质,这也就是为啥我专门写一篇来分析ImageRequest的原因。

    说话要言之有理,所以贴上ImageLoader、NetworkImageView源码中部分片段来证明其内部确实是用了ImageRequest。

    ImageLoader的源码片段:

        public ImageContainer get(String requestUrl, ImageListener imageListener,
                int maxWidth, int maxHeight) {
            // ………// The request is not already in flight. Send the new request to the network and
            // track it.
            Request<Bitmap> newRequest = makeImageRequest(requestUrl, maxWidth, maxHeight, cacheKey);
            newRequest.setShouldCache(mShouldCache);
            mRequestQueue.add(newRequest);
            mInFlightRequests.put(cacheKey,
                    new BatchedImageRequest(newRequest, imageContainer));
            return imageContainer;
        }
        protected Request<Bitmap> makeImageRequest(String requestUrl, int maxWidth, int maxHeight, final String cacheKey) {
            return new ImageRequest(requestUrl, new Listener<Bitmap>() {
                @Override
                public void onResponse(Bitmap response) {
                    onGetImageSuccess(cacheKey, response);
                }
            }, maxWidth, maxHeight,
            Config.RGB_565, new ErrorListener() {
                @Override
                public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError error) {
                    onGetImageError(cacheKey, error);
                }
            });
        }

     在ImageLoader重要的get()方法中,建立了一个newRequest对象,并将其放入请求队列中。这里的newRequest是通过makeImageRequest()来产生的,而makeImageRequest()实际是返回了一个ImageRequest对象。所以用到了ImageRequest对象。

    NetworkImageView的源码片段:

        public void setImageUrl(String url, ImageLoader imageLoader) {
            mUrl = url;
            mImageLoader = imageLoader;
            // The URL has potentially changed. See if we need to load it.
            loadImageIfNecessary(false);
        }

    它本身就调用的是ImageLoader对象,所以自然也是用到了ImageRequest。

     

    二、Request简介

    2.1 前言

    Request是Volley中最最核心的类,之前讲到的对象都是它的子类。从字面意思看,这个对象是用来执行请求的,但通过之前的使用我们发现,它还做了很多别的事情。先贴一个Request的子类。

            ImageRequest imageRequest = new ImageRequest(
                    "http://img5.duitang.com/uploads/item/201409/14/20140914162144_MBEmX.jpeg", 
                    new ResponseListener(), 
                    0, // 图片的宽度,如果是0,就不会进行压缩,否则会根据数值进行压缩
                    0, // 图片的高度,如果是0,就不进行压缩,否则会压缩
                    Config.ARGB_8888, // 图片的颜色属性
                    new ResponseErrorListener());

    从中我们可以发现这个ImageRequest中传入了请求的url,毕竟是request嘛,请求的url是必须的,但我们还发现这个请求对象还处理了两个监听器,这就说明它不仅仅做了请求,同时对于响应的结果也做了分发处理。

    2.2 部分API

    getCacheKey()

    Returns the cache key for this request. By default, this is the URL.

    返回这个请求对象中缓存对象的key,默认返回的是请求的URL

    getBodyContentType()

    Returns the content type of the POST or PUT body.

    返回POST或PUT请求内容的类型,我测试的结果是:application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8

    从源码就能看出,默认的编码方式是UTF-8:

    /**
         * Default encoding for POST or PUT parameters. See {@link #getParamsEncoding()}.
         */
        private static final String DEFAULT_PARAMS_ENCODING = "UTF-8";
        /**
         * Returns the content type of the POST or PUT body.
         */
        public String getBodyContentType() {
            return "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=" + getParamsEncoding();
        }

    getSequence()

    Returns the sequence number of this request.

    返回请求的序列数

    getUrl()

    Returns the URL of this request.

    返回请求的URL

    setShouldCache(boolean bl)

    Set whether or not responses to this request should be cached.

    设置这个请求是否有缓存,这个缓存是磁盘缓存,和内存缓存没什么事情,默认是true,也就是说如果你不设置为false,这个请求就会在磁盘中进行缓存。其实,之前讲的的StringRequest,JsonRequest,ImageRequest得到的数据都会被缓存,无论是Json数据,还是图片都会自动的缓存起来。然而,一旦你设置setShouldCache(false),这些数据就不会被缓存了。

    getBody()

    Returns the raw POST or PUT body to be sent.

    返回POST或PUT的请求体

    deliverError()

    分发错误信息,这个就是调用监听器的方法,贴源码就明白了。

        /**
         * Delivers error message to the ErrorListener that the Request was
         * initialized with.
         *
         * @param error Error details
         */
        public void deliverError(VolleyError error) {
            if (mErrorListener != null) {
                mErrorListener.onErrorResponse(error);
            }
        }

    setRetryPolicy(RetryPolicy retryPolicy)

    对一个request的重新请求策略的设置,不同的项目是否需要重新请求,重新请求几次,请求超时的时间,这些就在这设置到里面。

      /**
         * Sets the retry policy for this request.
         *
         * @return This Request object to allow for chaining.
         */
        public Request<?> setRetryPolicy(RetryPolicy retryPolicy) {
            mRetryPolicy = retryPolicy;
            return this;
        }

    从上面的源码可以看出,这里需要传入一个RetryPlicy的子类,就是重新请求策略的子类,Volley会在构造Request时传一个默认的对象,叫做DefaultRetryPolicy。

        /**
         * Creates a new request with the given method (one of the values from {@link Method}),
         * URL, and error listener.  Note that the normal response listener is not provided here as
         * delivery of responses is provided by subclasses, who have a better idea of how to deliver
         * an already-parsed response.
         */
        public Request(int method, String url, Response.ErrorListener listener) {
            mMethod = method;
            mUrl = url;
            mErrorListener = listener;
            setRetryPolicy(new DefaultRetryPolicy());
    
            mDefaultTrafficStatsTag = findDefaultTrafficStatsTag(url);
        }

    如果你对于网络请求有具体的要求,可以实现RetryPolicy接口,进行自由的配置。下面贴一下DefaultRetryPolicy源码,方便参考。

    /*
     * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
     *
     * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
     * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
     * You may obtain a copy of the License at
     *
     *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
     *
     * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
     * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
     * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
     * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
     * limitations under the License.
     */
    
    package com.android.volley;
    
    /**
     * Default retry policy for requests.
     */
    public class DefaultRetryPolicy implements RetryPolicy {
        /** The current timeout in milliseconds. */
        private int mCurrentTimeoutMs;
    
        /** The current retry count. */
        private int mCurrentRetryCount;
    
        /** The maximum number of attempts. */
        private final int mMaxNumRetries;
    
        /** The backoff multiplier for the policy. */
        private final float mBackoffMultiplier;
    
        /** The default socket timeout in milliseconds */
        public static final int DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS = 2500;
    
        /** The default number of retries */
        public static final int DEFAULT_MAX_RETRIES = 1;
    
        /** The default backoff multiplier */
        public static final float DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MULT = 1f;
    
        /**
         * Constructs a new retry policy using the default timeouts.
         */
        public DefaultRetryPolicy() {
            this(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS, DEFAULT_MAX_RETRIES, DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MULT);
        }
    
        /**
         * Constructs a new retry policy.
         * @param initialTimeoutMs The initial timeout for the policy.
         * @param maxNumRetries The maximum number of retries.
         * @param backoffMultiplier Backoff multiplier for the policy.
         */
        public DefaultRetryPolicy(int initialTimeoutMs, int maxNumRetries, float backoffMultiplier) {
            mCurrentTimeoutMs = initialTimeoutMs;
            mMaxNumRetries = maxNumRetries;
            mBackoffMultiplier = backoffMultiplier;
        }
    
        /**
         * Returns the current timeout.
         */
        @Override
        public int getCurrentTimeout() {
            return mCurrentTimeoutMs;
        }
    
        /**
         * Returns the current retry count.
         */
        @Override
        public int getCurrentRetryCount() {
            return mCurrentRetryCount;
        }
    
        /**
         * Returns the backoff multiplier for the policy.
         */
        public float getBackoffMultiplier() {
            return mBackoffMultiplier;
        }
    
        /**
         * Prepares for the next retry by applying a backoff to the timeout.
         * @param error The error code of the last attempt.
         */
        @Override
        public void retry(VolleyError error) throws VolleyError {
            mCurrentRetryCount++;
            mCurrentTimeoutMs += (mCurrentTimeoutMs * mBackoffMultiplier);
            if (!hasAttemptRemaining()) {
                throw error;
            }
        }
    
        /**
         * Returns true if this policy has attempts remaining, false otherwise.
         */
        protected boolean hasAttemptRemaining() {
            return mCurrentRetryCount <= mMaxNumRetries;
        }
    }
    View Code

    2.3 产生Request对象

    虽然我们在代码中都会初始化一个Request对象,但是我们要在把他添加到响应队列中后才能得到它的完整体。

    public <T> Request<T> add(Request<T> request) {

    举例:

    com.android.volley.Request<Bitmap> bitmapRequest = mQueue.add(imageRequest);

    说明:如果你要设定这个request是不需要进行磁盘缓存的,那么请在把它添加到响应队列之前就进行设置,否则会得到不想要的效果。原因:源码在添加队列时会判断是否需要缓存。

        /**
         * Adds a Request to the dispatch queue.
         * @param request The request to service
         * @return The passed-in request
         */
        public <T> Request<T> add(Request<T> request) {
            // Tag the request as belonging to this queue and add it to the set of current requests.
            request.setRequestQueue(this);
            synchronized (mCurrentRequests) {
                mCurrentRequests.add(request);
            }
    
            // Process requests in the order they are added.
            request.setSequence(getSequenceNumber());
            request.addMarker("add-to-queue");
    
            // If the request is uncacheable, skip the cache queue and go straight to the network.
            if (!request.shouldCache()) {
                mNetworkQueue.add(request);
                return request; // 如果不需要缓存,直接返回request对象,不会执行下面的代码
            }
    
            // Insert request into stage if there's already a request with the same cache key in flight.
            synchronized (mWaitingRequests) {
                String cacheKey = request.getCacheKey();
                if (mWaitingRequests.containsKey(cacheKey)) {
                    // There is already a request in flight. Queue up.
                    Queue<Request<?>> stagedRequests = mWaitingRequests.get(cacheKey);
                    if (stagedRequests == null) {
                        stagedRequests = new LinkedList<Request<?>>();
                    }
                    stagedRequests.add(request);
                    mWaitingRequests.put(cacheKey, stagedRequests);
                    if (VolleyLog.DEBUG) {
                        VolleyLog.v("Request for cacheKey=%s is in flight, putting on hold.", cacheKey);
                    }
                } else {
                    // Insert 'null' queue for this cacheKey, indicating there is now a request in
                    // flight.
                    mWaitingRequests.put(cacheKey, null);
                    mCacheQueue.add(request);
                }
                return request;
            }
        }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/tianzhijiexian/p/4260713.html
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