一. NOLOGGING 说明
在对大表插入数据的时候,经常会用到nologging 选项。Nologging 并不是不产生redo,nologging + direct 只是不会对数据产生 redo(但依然有其他的redo)。
同理 logging + direct 下 undo 也是大大地减少, 减少的是 数据的undo ,这里强调的是 数据本身的undo ,就如同 redo的减少也一样,是 数据本身的 redo ,这和数据库是否产生 redo 和 undo 是不同的概念,比如空间分配的 redo and undo ,这就不是数据本身的变化。
在非归档模式下, 对于nologging 和 logging模式,只有使用 append,才不会对数据生成redo。
在归档模式下,只有将表置于nologging 模式,并且使用append 才不会对数据生成redo.
二. 归档模式下的示例
两个查询用的脚本
--new.sql
column OLD_VALUE new_value OLD_VALUE
select value OLD_VALUE
from v$mystat, v$statname
where v$mystat.statistic# = v$statname.statistic#
and v$statname.name = 'redo size';
--diff.sql
select (value - &OLD_VALUE) OLD_VALUE
from v$mystat, v$statname
where v$mystat.statistic# = v$statname.statistic#
and v$statname.name = 'redo size';
数据库运行在归档模式
SQL> archive log list
数据库日志模式 存档模式
自动存档 启用
存档终点 d:/archivelog
最早的联机日志序列 125
下一个存档日志序列 127
当前日志序列 127
2.1 Create TABLE
SQL> @?/new.sql
OLD_VALUE
----------
8535492
SQL> create table T_NOLOG nologging as select * from all_objects;
表已创建。
SQL> @?/diff
原值 1: select (value - &OLD_VALUE) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
新值 1: select (value - 8535492) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
OLD_VALUE
----------
83496
注:REDO SIZE=83496
SQL> @?/new.sql
OLD_VALUE
----------
8618988
SQL> create table T_LOG logging as select * from all_objects;
表已创建。
SQL> @?/diff
原值 1: select (value - &OLD_VALUE) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
新值 1: select (value - 8618988) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
OLD_VALUE
----------
8491836
注:REDO SIZE=8491836
总结:通过上面的2个例子,可以看出用nologging 创建表,不会对数据生成redo,仅对数据字典生成redo.
create table with nologging... not generate redo, just generate for data dictionary
2.2 DELETE
SQL> @?/new.sql
OLD_VALUE
----------
17110824
SQL> DELETE FROM T_NOLOG;
已删除71711行。
SQL> @?/diff
原值 1: select (value - &OLD_VALUE) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
新值 1: select (value - 17110824) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
OLD_VALUE
----------
26592364
注:REDO SIZE=26592364
SQL> @?/new.sql
OLD_VALUE
----------
43703188
SQL> DELETE FROM T_LOG;
已删除71712行。
SQL> @?/diff
原值 1: select (value - &OLD_VALUE) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
新值 1: select (value - 43703188) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
OLD_VALUE
----------
26592560
注:REDO SIZE=26592560
2.3 INSERT
SQL> @?/new.sql
OLD_VALUE
----------
70295748
SQL> INSERT INTO T_NOLOG SELECT * FROM ALL_OBJECTS;
已创建71712行。
SQL> @?/diff
原值 1: select (value - &OLD_VALUE) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
新值 1: select (value - 70295748) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
OLD_VALUE
----------
8169900
注:REDO SIZE=8169900
SQL> @?/new.sql
OLD_VALUE
----------
78465648
SQL> INSERT INTO T_LOG SELECT * FROM ALL_OBJECTS;
已创建71712行。
SQL> @?/diff
原值 1: select (value - &OLD_VALUE) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
新值 1: select (value - 78465648) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
OLD_VALUE
----------
8169796
注:REDO SIZE=8169796
2.4 UPDATE
SQL> @?/new.sql
OLD_VALUE
----------
86635444
SQL> UPDATE T_NOLOG SET OBJECT_ID=1;
已更新71712行。
SQL> @?/diff
原值 1: select (value - &OLD_VALUE) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
新值 1: select (value - 86635444) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
OLD_VALUE
----------
24323896
注:REDO SIZE=24323896
SQL> @?/new.sql
OLD_VALUE
----------
110959340
SQL> UPDATE T_LOG SET OBJECT_ID=1;
已更新71712行。
SQL> @?/diff
原值 1: select (value - &OLD_VALUE) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
新值 1: select (value - 110959340) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
OLD_VALUE
----------
36490988
注:REDO SIZE=20911424
总结: insert/update/delete 的DML 操作,在logging和nologging上没有区别
On DML insert/update/delete redo size with nologging not difference... with logging.
2.5 Show case "APPEND" hints
2.5.1 table NOLOGGING and not use APPEND hints
SQL> @?/new.sql
OLD_VALUE
----------
147450328
SQL> INSERT INTO T_NOLOG SELECT * FROM ALL_OBJECTS;
已创建71712行。
SQL> @?/diff
原值 1: select (value - &OLD_VALUE) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
新值 1: select (value - 147450328) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
OLD_VALUE
----------
8325816
注: REDO SIZE=8325816
SQL> @?/new.sql
OLD_VALUE
----------
155776144
SQL> INSERT /*+ APPEND */ INTO T_NOLOG SELECT * FROM ALL_OBJECTS;
已创建71712行。
SQL> @?/diff
原值 1: select (value - &OLD_VALUE) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
新值 1: select (value - 155776144) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
OLD_VALUE
----------
14852
注:REDO SIZE=14852,采用append后,redo size大幅减小
2.5.2 table LOGGING, and use APPEND hints
SQL> @?/new.sql
OLD_VALUE
----------
155790996
SQL> INSERT /*+ APPEND */ INTO T_LOG SELECT * FROM ALL_OBJECTS;
已创建71712行。
SQL> @?/diff
原值 1: select (value - &OLD_VALUE) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
新值 1: select (value - 155790996) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
OLD_VALUE
----------
8406068
注:REDO SIZE=8640396, redo size 没什么变化
将表改为nologging 模式,在查看
SQL> @?/new.sql
OLD_VALUE
----------
164200200
SQL> INSERT /*+ APPEND */ INTO T_LOG SELECT * FROM ALL_OBJECTS;
已创建71712行。
SQL> @?/diff
原值 1: select (value - &OLD_VALUE) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
新值 1: select (value - 164200200) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
OLD_VALUE
----------
15012
注:REDO SIZE=27956
总结: 通过实验看出,
对于logging 模式, 使用append hint 在生成redo 上没有什么变化
对于nologging模式,使用append hint 对数据没有生成redo,仅对数据字典生成了redo.
APPEND hints on table "logging" not difference (generate redo).
If "alter table nologging" before, and then insert (append)... it's work with nologging (not generate redo, just redo for data dictionary).
三. 非归档模式下的示例
SQL> archive log list
数据库日志模式 非存档模式
自动存档 禁用
存档终点 d:/archivelog
最早的联机日志序列 129
当前日志序列 131
3.1 Create TABLE
SQL> @?/new.sql
OLD_VALUE
----------
113788
SQL> create table T_NOLOG nologging as select * from all_objects;
表已创建。
SQL> @?/diff
原值 1: select (value - &OLD_VALUE) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
新值 1: select (value - 113788) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
OLD_VALUE
----------
87244
注:redo size=87244
SQL> @?/new.sql
OLD_VALUE
----------
201032
SQL> create table T_LOG logging as select * from all_objects;
表已创建。
SQL> @?/diff
原值 1: select (value - &OLD_VALUE) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
新值 1: select (value - 201032) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
OLD_VALUE
----------
81324
注: redo size=81324
总结: 在非归档模式下,create table 在nologging 和 logging 模式差别不大。
When create table (noarchive mode) LOGGING table not different NOLOGGING table
3.2 DML -- DELETE
SQL> @?/new.sql
OLD_VALUE
----------
282356
SQL> DELETE FROM T_NOLOG;
已删除71711行。
SQL> @?/diff
原值 1: select (value - &OLD_VALUE) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
新值 1: select (value - 282356) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
OLD_VALUE
----------
26591628
注: redo size=26591628
SQL> @?/new.sql
OLD_VALUE
----------
26873984
SQL> DELETE FROM T_LOG;
已删除71712行。
SQL> @?/diff
原值 1: select (value - &OLD_VALUE) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
新值 1: select (value - 26873984) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
OLD_VALUE
----------
26590272
注: redo size= 26590272
3.3 DML -- INSERT
SQL> @?/new.sql
OLD_VALUE
----------
53464256
SQL> INSERT INTO T_NOLOG SELECT * FROM ALL_OBJECTS;
已创建71712行。
SQL> @?/diff
原值 1: select (value - &OLD_VALUE) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
新值 1: select (value - 53464256) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
OLD_VALUE
----------
8170184
注:redo size = 8170184
SQL> @?/new.sql
OLD_VALUE
----------
61634440
SQL> INSERT INTO T_LOG SELECT * FROM ALL_OBJECTS;
已创建71712行。
SQL> @?/diff
原值 1: select (value - &OLD_VALUE) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
新值 1: select (value - 61634440) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
OLD_VALUE
----------
8169840
注: redo size= 8169840
3.4 DML -- UPDATE
SQL> @?/new.sql
OLD_VALUE
----------
69804280
SQL> UPDATE T_NOLOG SET OBJECT_ID=1;
已更新71712行。
SQL> @?/diff
原值 1: select (value - &OLD_VALUE) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
新值 1: select (value - 69804280) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
OLD_VALUE
----------
20164888
注: redo size = 20164888
SQL> @?/new.sql
OLD_VALUE
----------
89969168
SQL> UPDATE T_LOG SET OBJECT_ID=1;
已更新71712行。
SQL> @?/diff
原值 1: select (value - &OLD_VALUE) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
新值 1: select (value - 89969168) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
OLD_VALUE
----------
21674776
注: redo size=21674776
总结: 对于 INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE的DML 操作, nologging 和 logging 模式没有什么区别
On DML INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE not different between NOLOGGING and LOGGING
3.5 INSERT /*+ APPEND */
SQL> @?/new.sql
OLD_VALUE
----------
111643944
SQL> INSERT INTO T_NOLOG SELECT * FROM ALL_OBJECTS;
已创建71712行。
SQL> @?/diff
原值 1: select (value - &OLD_VALUE) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
新值 1: select (value - 111643944) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
OLD_VALUE
----------
8325816
注: redo size=8325816
SQL> @?/new.sql
OLD_VALUE
----------
119969760
SQL> INSERT /*+ APPEND */ INTO T_NOLOG SELECT * FROM ALL_OBJECTS;
已创建71712行。
SQL> @?/diff
原值 1: select (value - &OLD_VALUE) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
新值 1: select (value - 119969760) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
OLD_VALUE
----------
14896
注:redo size=14896, 减小很多
SQL> @?/new.sql
OLD_VALUE
----------
119984656
SQL> INSERT INTO T_LOG SELECT * FROM ALL_OBJECTS;
已创建71712行。
SQL> @?/diff
原值 1: select (value - &OLD_VALUE) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
新值 1: select (value - 119984656) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
OLD_VALUE
----------
8325832
注: redo size= 8325832
SQL> @?/new.sql
OLD_VALUE
----------
128310488
SQL> INSERT /*+ APPEND */ INTO T_LOG SELECT * FROM ALL_OBJECTS;
已创建71712行。
SQL> @?/diff
原值 1: select (value - &OLD_VALUE) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
新值 1: select (value - 128310488) OLD_VALUE from v$mystat, v$statname where
OLD_VALUE
----------
14880
注:redo size=14880
总结: 对于非归档模式,对于nologging 和 logging模式,只有使用 append,才不会对数据生成redo。
对于归档模式,只有将表置于nologging 模式,并且使用append 才不会对数据生成redo.
一点注意的地方:
如果直接加载的表上有索引,Oracle不会像加载数据的方式那样来处理索引的数据,但是它同样需要维护一个索引,这个成本很高,同时会生成很多的redo。
所以当使用直接加载时,通常是针对一些数据量非常大的表。如果这些表存在索引,将会带来很大的性能影响,这时可以考虑先将索引disable或者drop掉,等加载数据后,之后在重新建立索引。
On NoArchive Mode, Don't mind tables be nologging/logging... just use /*+ APPEND */ ,that will not generate redo (just data dictionary)
On Archive Mode, TABLEs must be nologging... and use /*+ APPEND */, that will not generate redo (just data dictionary)
NOLOGGING: Oracle will generate a minimal number of redo log entries in order to protect the data dictionary, and the operation will probably run faster. Logging can be disabled at the table level or the tablespace level.
If it is done at the tablespace level then we create indexes or tables in this tablespace; they will be in NOLOGGING mode.
A table or an index can be created with NOLOGGING mode or it can be altered using ALTER TABLE/INDEX NOLOGGING.
NOLOGGING is active in the following situations and while running one of the following commands but not after that.
- DIRECT LOAD (SQL*Loader)
- DIRECT LOAD INSERT (using APPEND hint)
- CREATE TABLE ... AS SELECT
- CREATE INDEX
- ALTER TABLE MOVE
- ALTER TABLE ... MOVE PARTITION
- ALTER TABLE ... SPLIT PARTITION
- ALTER TABLE ... ADD PARTITION (if HASH partition)
- ALTER TABLE ... MERGE PARTITION
- ALTER TABLE ... MODIFY PARTITION, ADD SUBPARTITON, COALESCE SUBPARTITON, REBUILD UNUSABLE INDEXES
- ALTER INDEX ... SPLIT PARTITION
- ALTER INDEX ... REBUILD
- ALTER INDEX ... REBUILD PARTITION
Logging is stopped only while one of the commands above is running.
So if a user runs this: ALTER INDEX new_index NOLOGGING.
The actual rebuild of the index does not generate redo (all data dictionary changes associated with the rebuild will do) but after that any DML on the index will generate redo this includes direct load insert on the table which the index belongs to.
All the following statements will generate redo despite the fact the table is in NOLOGGING mode:
- INSERT INTO new_table_nolog_test ...,
- UPDATE new_table_nolog_test SET ...,
- DELETE FROM new_table_nolog_test ..
The following will not generate redo (except from dictionary changes and indexes):
- INSERT /*+APPEND+/ ...
- ALTER TABLE new_table_nolog_test MOVE ...
- ALTER TABLE new_table_nolog_test MOVE PARTITION ...
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