参考文章:https://www.jianshu.com/p/c39a2c72dc65?from=singlemessage
1、国内几种常用坐标系说明
(1)名词解释
地理坐标系统:WGS84就是一种地理坐标系统。地理坐标坐标是对地球进行简单几何建模,比如将地球看成一个球体或者类球体,然后再将地表上点投影到该球面上形成的坐标就是地理坐标系统。WGS84就是定义了如何将地球抽象成球体或者类球体的规则。或者简单地来说,WGS84就是一堆参数,用于建立球体或者类球体,来近似地球。
投影坐标系统:由于地球是一个球状,所以一般将其某个区域投影在平面上,形成的坐标系称为投影坐标系。
WG-S84: 地理坐标系统,GPS仪器记录的经纬度信息,Google Earth采用,Google Map中国范围外使用,高德地图中国范围外使用。
GCJ-02: 投影坐标系统,火星坐标系,中国国家测绘局制定的坐标系统,由WGS-84加密后的坐标。Google中国和搜搜地图,arcgis地图,高德地图
BD-09: 投影坐标系统,百度坐标,GCJ-02加密后的坐标系,只适用于百度地图
(在国内是不允许直接用WGS84坐标系标注的,必须经过加密后才能用。必须至少使用GCJ-02坐标系,或者使用在GCJ-02加密后再进行加密的坐标系,如百度坐标系)
其他:搜狗地图:搜狗坐标系,图吧:图吧坐标等,估计也是在GCJ02基础上加密而成的,这里暂不涉及
(3)转换方法
1.可以通过嗲用直接的算法来转换(本文主要介绍该方法)
2.可以通过Web API来转换
3.可以通过第三方SDK API来转换
2、下面给出前面3种坐标转换java算法
package org.jeecg.modules.wangge.utils; /** * */ public class GPSConverterUtils { public static final String BAIDU_LBS_TYPE = "bd09ll"; public static double pi = 3.1415926535897932384626; public static double a = 6378245.0; public static double ee = 0.00669342162296594323; /** * 84 to 火星坐标系 (GCJ-02) * @param lat * @param lon */ public static GPS gps84_To_Gcj02(double lat, double lon) { if (outOfChina(lat, lon)) { return null; } double dLat = transformLat(lon - 105.0, lat - 35.0); double dLon = transformLon(lon - 105.0, lat - 35.0); double radLat = lat / 180.0 * pi; double magic = Math.sin(radLat); magic = 1 - ee * magic * magic; double sqrtMagic = Math.sqrt(magic); dLat = (dLat * 180.0) / ((a * (1 - ee)) / (magic * sqrtMagic) * pi); dLon = (dLon * 180.0) / (a / sqrtMagic * Math.cos(radLat) * pi); double mgLat = lat + dLat; double mgLon = lon + dLon; return new GPS(mgLat, mgLon); } /** * * 火星坐标系 (GCJ-02) to 84 * * @param lon * @param lat * @return */ public static GPS gcj_To_Gps84(double lat, double lon) { GPS gps = transform(lat, lon); double lontitude = lon * 2 - gps.getLon(); double latitude = lat * 2 - gps.getLat(); return new GPS(latitude, lontitude); } /** * 将 GCJ-02 坐标转换成 BD-09 坐标 * * @param gg_lat * @param gg_lon */ public static GPS gcj02_To_Bd09(double gg_lat, double gg_lon) { double x = gg_lon, y = gg_lat; double z = Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y) + 0.00002 * Math.sin(y * pi); double theta = Math.atan2(y, x) + 0.000003 * Math.cos(x * pi); double bd_lon = z * Math.cos(theta) + 0.0065; double bd_lat = z * Math.sin(theta) + 0.006; return new GPS(bd_lat, bd_lon); } /** * * 将 BD-09 坐标转换成GCJ-02 坐标 * * * @param * bd_lat * @param bd_lon * @return */ public static GPS bd09_To_Gcj02(double bd_lat, double bd_lon) { double x = bd_lon - 0.0065; double y = bd_lat - 0.006; double z = Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y) - 0.00002 * Math.sin(y * pi); double theta = Math.atan2(y, x) - 0.000003 * Math.cos(x * pi); double gg_lon = z * Math.cos(theta); double gg_lat = z * Math.sin(theta); return new GPS(gg_lat, gg_lon); } /** * (BD-09)-->84 * @param bd_lat * @param bd_lon * @return */ public static GPS bd09_To_Gps84(double bd_lat, double bd_lon) { GPS gcj02 = bd09_To_Gcj02(bd_lat, bd_lon); GPS map84 = gcj_To_Gps84(gcj02.getLat(), gcj02.getLon()); return map84; } /** * is or not outOfChina * @param lat * @param lon * @return */ public static boolean outOfChina(double lat, double lon) { if (lon < 72.004 || lon > 137.8347) return true; if (lat < 0.8293 || lat > 55.8271) return true; return false; } public static GPS transform(double lat, double lon) { if (outOfChina(lat, lon)) { return new GPS(lat, lon); } double dLat = transformLat(lon - 105.0, lat - 35.0); double dLon = transformLon(lon - 105.0, lat - 35.0); double radLat = lat / 180.0 * pi; double magic = Math.sin(radLat); magic = 1 - ee * magic * magic; double sqrtMagic = Math.sqrt(magic); dLat = (dLat * 180.0) / ((a * (1 - ee)) / (magic * sqrtMagic) * pi); dLon = (dLon * 180.0) / (a / sqrtMagic * Math.cos(radLat) * pi); double mgLat = lat + dLat; double mgLon = lon + dLon; return new GPS(mgLat, mgLon); } public static double transformLat(double x, double y) { double ret = -100.0 + 2.0 * x + 3.0 * y + 0.2 * y * y + 0.1 * x * y + 0.2 * Math.sqrt(Math.abs(x)); ret += (20.0 * Math.sin(6.0 * x * pi) + 20.0 * Math.sin(2.0 * x * pi)) * 2.0 / 3.0; ret += (20.0 * Math.sin(y * pi) + 40.0 * Math.sin(y / 3.0 * pi)) * 2.0 / 3.0; ret += (160.0 * Math.sin(y / 12.0 * pi) + 320 * Math.sin(y * pi / 30.0)) * 2.0 / 3.0; return ret; } public static double transformLon(double x, double y) { double ret = 300.0 + x + 2.0 * y + 0.1 * x * x + 0.1 * x * y + 0.1 * Math.sqrt(Math.abs(x)); ret += (20.0 * Math.sin(6.0 * x * pi) + 20.0 * Math.sin(2.0 * x * pi)) * 2.0 / 3.0; ret += (20.0 * Math.sin(x * pi) + 40.0 * Math.sin(x / 3.0 * pi)) * 2.0 / 3.0; ret += (150.0 * Math.sin(x / 12.0 * pi) + 300.0 * Math.sin(x / 30.0 * pi)) * 2.0 / 3.0; return ret; } }
package org.jeecg.modules.wangge.utils; public class GPS { private double lat; private double lon; public GPS(double lat, double lon) { this.lat = lat; this.lon = lon; } public double getLat() { return lat; } public void setLat(double lat) { this.lat = lat; } public double getLon() { return lon; } public void setLon(double lon) { this.lon = lon; } public String toString() { return "lat:" + lat + "," + "lon:" + lon; } }
3、代码验证和调试
坐标系的转换和验证,一定要在实际平台下进行比对和验证。下面分别提供百度地图,高德地图,arcigs地图的实例。
(1)百度地图在线验证:
http://api.map.baidu.com/lbsapi/getpoint/index.html
这个是百度拾取坐标系统,该系统使用的是BD-09百度坐标,如果用gps坐标在这里定位是有错误的。
记住:哪个平台的坐标拾取系统,无论定位还是拾取坐标,用的就是他自己的坐标系。绝对不是GPS坐标,切记
(2)高德地图leaflet验证实例-用GCJ-02坐标
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Quick Start - Leaflet</title> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="docs/images/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://unpkg.com/leaflet@1.7.1/dist/leaflet.css"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://unpkg.com/leaflet@1.7.1/dist/leaflet.js"></script> <style type="text/css"> body { padding: 0; margin: 0; } html, body { height: 100%; } #mapid { height: 75%; } </style> </head> <body> <div id="mapid" style="float:left;100%;height: 100%;"> </div> <script> var mymap = L.map('mapid').setView([37.10375917564946,114.64100007966069], 14); this.baseLayer=L.tileLayer("http://webrd0{s}.is.autonavi.com/appmaptile?lang=zh_cn&size=1&scale=1&style=8&x={x}&y={y}&z={z}",{ attribution: '© 高德地图', maxZoom: 15, minZoom: 4, subdomains: "1234" }).addTo(mymap); L.circleMarker([37.10375917564946,114.64100007966069], { stroke: true, color: '#aaaaaa', weight: 1, opacity:1, fillColor: '#00E400', fillOpacity: 1, radius:10 }).addTo(mymap).bindPopup("<b>Hello world!</b><br />I am a popup."); </script> </body> </html>
(3)arcgis地图leaflet验证实例--用GCJ-02坐标
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Quick Start - Leaflet</title> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="docs/images/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://unpkg.com/leaflet@1.7.1/dist/leaflet.css"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://unpkg.com/leaflet@1.7.1/dist/leaflet.js"></script> <style type="text/css"> body { padding: 0; margin: 0; } html, body { height: 100%; } #mapid { height: 75%; } </style> </head> <body> <div id="mapid" style="float:left;100%;height: 100%;"> </div> <script> var mymap = L.map('mapid').setView([37.10375917564946,114.64100007966069], 14); L.tileLayer('http://map.geoq.cn/ArcGIS/rest/services/ChinaOnlineCommunity/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}', { maxZoom: 18, minZoom: 4, pane: 'overlayPane' }).addTo(mymap); L.circleMarker([37.10375917564946,114.64100007966069], { stroke: true, color: '#aaaaaa', weight: 1, opacity:1, fillColor: '#00E400', fillOpacity: 1, radius:10 }).addTo(mymap).bindPopup("<b>Hello world!</b><br />I am a popup."); </script> </body> </html>
最后附上一个在线工具:地址转经纬度,地址:https://maplocation.sjfkai.com/