1.创建相应的目录：
mkdir -p /ansible/roles/{nginx,mysql,tomcat,db,zabbix}/{defaults,files,handlers,meta,tasks,templates,vars}
2 文件结构
[root@MSJTVL-MJSP-A35 etc]# tree ansible/
ansible/
├── ansible.cfg
├── hosts #配置主机相关信息
├── roles
│ ├── db
│ │ ├── defaults
│ │ ├── files
│ │ │ └── stu.sql #要导入的sql
│ │ ├── handlers
│ │ ├── meta
│ │ ├── tasks
│ │ │ └── main.yml #创建数据库和导入SQL
│ │ ├── templates
│ │ └── vars
│ ├── mysql
│ │ ├── defaults
│ │ ├── files
│ │ │ └── mysql_install.sh #mysql源码和安装脚本
│ │ ├── handlers
│ │ ├── meta
│ │ ├── tasks
│ │ │ └── main.yml #安装mysql
│ │ ├── templates
│ │ └── vars
│ ├── nginx
│ │ ├── default
│ │ ├── defaults
│ │ ├── files
│ │ │ ├── install_nginx.sh #nginx安装脚本
│ │ │ ├── nginx-1.10.0.tar.gz #nginx安装程序包
│ │ │ └── ngx_cache_purge-2.3.tar.gz
│ │ ├── handlers
│ │ ├── meta
│ │ ├── tasks
│ │ │ └── main.yml #安装nginx
│ │ ├── templates
│ │ │ └── nginx.conf #nginx配置文件
│ │ └── vars
│ ├── tomcat
│ │ ├── defaults
│ │ ├── files
│ │ ├── handlers
│ │ │ └── main.yml #安装后处理
│ │ ├── meta
│ │ ├── tasks
│ │ │ └── main.yml #安装tomcat
│ │ ├── templates
│ │ └── vars
│ └── zabbix
│ ├── defaults
│ ├── files
│ │ ├── install_zabbix.sh #安装zabbix客户端脚本
│ │ ├── zabbix-3.0.7.tar.gz #zabbix安装包
│ │ └── zabbix_agentd.conf #zabbix客户端配置文件
│ ├── handlers
│ ├── meta
│ ├── tasks
│ │ └── main.yml #安装zabbix
│ ├── templates
│ └── vars
├── web.retry
├── webservice.yml
└── web.yml #总的调用文件
各目录功能说明
3.解决“Aborting, target uses selinux but python bindings (libselinux-python) aren't installed!”问题：
更新python库：
yum -y install libselinux-python
4.playbooks&shell
/etc/ansible/web.yml
- hosts: lzy
remote_user: root
roles:
- nginx
- zabbix
- mysql
/etc/ansible/roles/db/tasks/main.yml
--- - name: create db mysql_db: name=student state=present login_password=bingoclo123 login_user=root login_unix_socket=/data/mysql/data/mysql.sock - name: copy sql file copy: src=stu.sql dest=/tmp - name: import sql mysql_db: name=student state=import target=/tmp/stu.sql login_password=bingoclo123 login_user=root login_unix_socket=/data/mysql/data/mysql.sock
/etc/ansible/roles/db/files/stu.sql
create table profile(name varchar(20),age tinyint);
insert into profile(name,age) values('teddy',12);
/etc/ansible/roles/nginx/tasks/main.yml
- name: copy nginx_tar_gz to client copy: src=/etc/ansible/roles/nginx/files/nginx-1.10.0.tar.gz dest=/tmp/nginx-1.10.0.tar.gz - name: copy install_shell to client copy: src=/etc/ansible/roles/nginx/files/install_nginx.sh dest=/tmp/install_nginx.sh - name: copy ngx_cache_purge-2.3.tar.gz to client copy: src=/etc/ansible/roles/nginx/files/ngx_cache_purge-2.3.tar.gz dest=/tmp/ngx_cache_purge-2.3.tar.gz - name: install nginx shell: /bin/bash /tmp/install_nginx.sh
/etc/ansible/roles/nginx/files/install_nginx.sh
#!/bin/bash #yum安装一些依赖的模块 #yum -y install libselinux-python yum -y install gcc zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel yum -y install zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre-devel #groupadd -r nginx #useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g nginx -r nginx cd /tmp tar xf nginx-1.10.0.tar.gz tar xf ngx_cache_purge-2.3.tar.gz cd nginx-1.10.0 mkdir -p /opt/nginx/server/sbin mkdir -p /opt/nginx/server/lib mkdir -p /opt/nginx/server/log mkdir -p /opt/nginx/server/run mkdir -p /opt/nginx/server/cache mkdir -p /opt/nginx/server/conf mkdir -p /opt/nginx/server/lib mkdir -p /opt/nginx/cache ./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx/server --sbin-path=/opt/nginx/server/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/opt/nginx/server/lib/modules --conf-path=/opt/nginx/server/conf/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/opt/nginx/server/log/error.log --http-log-path=/opt/nginx/server/log/access.log --pid-path=/opt/nginx/server/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/opt/nginx/server/run/nginx.lock --http-client-body-temp-path=/opt/nginx/server/cache/client_temp --http-proxy-temp-path=/opt/nginx/server/cache/proxy_temp --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/opt/nginx/server/cache/fastcgi_temp --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/opt/nginx/server/cache/uwsgi_temp --http-scgi-temp-path=/opt/nginx/server/cache/scgi_temp --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-threads --with-stream --with-stream_ssl_module --with-http_slice_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module --with-file-aio --with-http_v2_module --with-ipv6 --add-module=/tmp/ngx_cache_purge-2.3 make && make install chown -R nginx:nginx /opt/nginx #sed "/^s*index / i proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;" /etc/nginx/nginx.conf /opt/nginx/server/sbin/nginx #sed
/etc/ansible/roles/mysql/tasks/main.yml
- name: copy mysql_tar_gz to client copy: src=mysql-5.6.27.tar.gz dest=/tmp/mysql-5.6.27.tar.gz - name: copy install_script to client copy: src=mysql_install.sh dest=/tmp/mysql_install.sh owner=root group=root mode=755 - name: install mysql shell: /bin/bash /tmp/mysql_install.sh
etc/ansible/roles/tomcat/tasks/main.yml
- name: install java yum: name=java-1.7.0-openjdk state=present - name: group group: name=tomcat - name: user user: name=tomcat group=tomcat home=/usr/tomcat sudo: True - name: copy tomcat_tar_gz copy: src=apache-tomcat-7.0.65.tar.gz dest=/tmp/apache-tomcat-7.0.65.tar.gz - name: Extract archive command: /bin/tar xf /tmp/apache-tomcat-7.0.65.tar.gz -C /opt/ - name: Symlink install directory file: src=/opt/apache-tomcat-7.0.65/ dest=/usr/share/tomcat state=link - name: Change ownership of Tomcat installation file: path=/usr/share/tomcat/ owner=tomcat group=tomcat state=directory recurse=yes - name: Configure Tomcat users template: src=tomcat-users.xml dest=/usr/share/tomcat/conf/ notify: restart tomcat - name: Install Tomcat init script copy: src=tomcat-initscript.sh dest=/etc/init.d/tomcat mode=0755 - name: Start Tomcat service: name=tomcat state=started enabled=yes
etc/ansible/roles/tomcat/handlers/main.yml
- name: restart tomcat service: name=tomcat state=restarted
etc/ansible/roles/mysql/files/mysql_install.sh
#!/bin/bash
DBDIR='/data/mysql/data'
PASSWD='bingoclo123'
[ -d $DBDIR ] || mkdir $DBDIR -p
yum install cmake make gcc-c++ bison-devel ncurses-devel -y
id mysql &> /dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M
fi
chown -R mysql.mysql $DBDIR
cd /tmp/
tar xf mysql-5.6.27.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.6.27
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=$DBDIR
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=$DBDIR/mysql.sock
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1
-DWITH_READLINE=1
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1
if [ $? != 0 ];then
echo "cmake error!"
exit 1
fi
make && make install
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
echo "install mysql is failed!" && /bin/false
fi
sleep 2
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/* /usr/bin/
cp -f /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp -f /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod 700 /etc/init.d/mysqld
/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=$DBDIR --user=mysql
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
echo "install mysql is failed!" && /bin/false
fi
/etc/init.d/mysqld start
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
echo "install mysql is failed!" && /bin/false
fi
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -e "update mysql.user set password=password('$PASSWD') where host='localhost' and user='root';"
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -e "update mysql.user set password=password('$PASSWD') where host='127.0.0.1' and user='root';"
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -e "delete from mysql.user where password='';"
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -e "flush privileges;"
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo "ins_done"
fi
5执行安装&检查
[root@MSJTVL-MJSP-A35 ansible]# ansible-playbook web.yml PLAY [lzy] ********************************************************************* TASK [setup] ******************************************************************* ok: [10.0.110.91] ok: [10.0.110.47] TASK [zabbix : copy zabbix_tar_gz to client] *********************************** changed: [10.0.110.47] changed: [10.0.110.91] TASK [zabbix : copy install_shell to client] *********************************** changed: [10.0.110.91] changed: [10.0.110.47] TASK [zabbix : copy zabbix_agentd.conf to client] ****************************** changed: [10.0.110.91] changed: [10.0.110.47] TASK [zabbix : install zabbix] ************************************************* changed: [10.0.110.47] changed: [10.0.110.91] PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************* 10.0.110.47 : ok=5 changed=4 unreachable=0 failed=0 10.0.110.91 : ok=5 changed=4 unreachable=0 failed=0
6、常见错误
1、出现Error: ansible requires a json module, none found!
SSH password:
192.168.24.15 | FAILED >> {
"failed": true,
"msg": "Error: ansible requires a json module, nonefound!",
"parsed": false
}
解决：python版本过低，要不升级python要不就安装python-simplejson
2、安装完成后连接客户端服务器报错：
FAILED => Using a SSH password insteadof a key is not possible because Host Key checking is enabled and sshpass doesnot support this. Please add this host'sfingerprint to your known_hosts file to manage this host.
解决：在ansible 服务器上使用ssh 登陆下/etc/ansible/hosts 里面配置的服务器。然后再次使用ansible 去管理就不会报上面的错误了！但这样大批量登陆就麻烦来。因为默认ansible是使用key验证的，如果使用密码登陆的服务器，使用ansible的话，要不修改ansible.cfg配置文件的ask_pass = True给取消注释，要不就在运行命令时候加上-k，这个意思是-k, --ask-pass ask for SSH password。再修改：host_key_checking= False即可
3、如果客户端不在know_hosts里将会报错
paramiko: The authenticity of host '192.168.24.15'can't be established.
The ssh-rsa key fingerprint is397c139fd4b0d763fcffaee346a4bf6b.
Are you sure you want to continueconnecting (yes/no)?
解决：需要修改ansible.cfg的#host_key_checking= False取消注释
4、出现FAILED => FAILED: not a valid DSA private key file
解决：需要你在最后添加参数-k
5、openssh升级后无法登录报错
PAM unable todlopen(/lib64/security/pam_stack.so): /lib64/security/pam_stack.so: cannot openshared object
file: No such file or directory
解决：sshrpm 升级后会修改/etc/pam.d/sshd 文件。需要升级前备份此文件最后还原即可登录。
6、pip安装完成后，运行ansible报错：
File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/subprocess.py",line 642, in __init__ errread, errwrite)
解决：安装：yum installopenssh-clients
7、第一次系统初始化运行生成本机ansible用户key时报错
failed: [127.0.0.1] =>{"checksum": "f5f2f20fc0774be961fffb951a50023e31abe920","failed": true}
msg: Aborting, target uses selinux but pythonbindings (libselinux-python) aren't installed!
FATAL: all hosts have already failed –aborting
解决：# yuminstall libselinux-python -y
7.补充
1.使用ssh-copy-id命令来复制Ansible公钥到节点中。
ssh-copy-id -i sm01@10.0.110.47