• javaweb学习总结(十四)——JSP原理


    一、什么是JSP?

      JSP全称是Java Server Pages,它和servle技术一样,都是SUN公司定义的一种用于开发动态web资源的技术。
      JSP这门技术的最大的特点在于,写jsp就像在写html,但它相比html而言,html只能为用户提供静态数据,而Jsp技术允许在页面中嵌套java代码,为用户提供动态数据。

    二、JSP原理

    2.1、Web服务器是如何调用并执行一个jsp页面的?

      浏览器向服务器发请求,不管访问的是什么资源,其实都是在访问Servlet,所以当访问一个jsp页面时,其实也是在访问一个Servlet,服务器在执行jsp的时候,首先把jsp翻译成一个Servlet,所以我们访问jsp时,其实不是在访问jsp,而是在访问jsp翻译过后的那个Servlet,例如下面的代码:

    index.jsp

    复制代码
     1 <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
     2 <%
     3 String path = request.getContextPath();
     4 String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
     5 %>
     6 
     7 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
     8 <html>
     9   <head>
    10     <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    11     
    12     <title>First Jsp</title>
    13     
    14   </head>
    15   
    16   <body>
    17     <%
    18         out.print("Hello Jsp");
    19     %>
    20   </body>
    21 </html>
    复制代码

      当我们通过浏览器访问index.jsp时,服务器首先将index.jsp翻译成一个index_jsp.class,在Tomcat服务器的workCatalinalocalhost项目名orgapachejsp目录下可以看到index_jsp.class的源代码文件index_jsp.java,index_jsp.java的代码如下:

    复制代码
     1 package org.apache.jsp;
     2 
     3 import javax.servlet.*;
     4 import javax.servlet.http.*;
     5 import javax.servlet.jsp.*;
     6 import java.util.*;
     7 
     8 public final class index_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase
     9     implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent {
    10 
    11   private static final JspFactory _jspxFactory = JspFactory.getDefaultFactory();
    12 
    13   private static java.util.List _jspx_dependants;
    14 
    15   private javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory;
    16   private org.apache.AnnotationProcessor _jsp_annotationprocessor;
    17 
    18   public Object getDependants() {
    19     return _jspx_dependants;
    20   }
    21 
    22   public void _jspInit() {
    23     _el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory();
    24     _jsp_annotationprocessor = (org.apache.AnnotationProcessor) getServletConfig().getServletContext().getAttribute(org.apache.AnnotationProcessor.class.getName());
    25   }
    26 
    27   public void _jspDestroy() {
    28   }
    29 
    30   public void _jspService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
    31         throws java.io.IOException, ServletException {
    32 
    33     PageContext pageContext = null;
    34     HttpSession session = null;
    35     ServletContext application = null;
    36     ServletConfig config = null;
    37     JspWriter out = null;
    38     Object page = this;
    39     JspWriter _jspx_out = null;
    40     PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;
    41 
    42 
    43     try {
    44       response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
    45       pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
    46                   null, true, 8192, true);
    47       _jspx_page_context = pageContext;
    48       application = pageContext.getServletContext();
    49       config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
    50       session = pageContext.getSession();
    51       out = pageContext.getOut();
    52       _jspx_out = out;
    53 
    54       out.write('
    ');
    55       out.write('
    ');
    56 
    57 String path = request.getContextPath();
    58 String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
    59 
    60       out.write("
    ");
    61       out.write("
    ");
    62       out.write("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
    ");
    63       out.write("<html>
    ");
    64       out.write("  <head>
    ");
    65       out.write("    <base href="");
    66       out.print(basePath);
    67       out.write("">
    ");
    68       out.write("    
    ");
    69       out.write("    <title>First Jsp</title>
    ");
    70       out.write("	
    ");
    71       out.write("  </head>
    ");
    72       out.write("  
    ");
    73       out.write("  <body>
    ");
    74       out.write("    ");
    75 
    76         out.print("Hello Jsp");
    77     
    78       out.write("
    ");
    79       out.write("  </body>
    ");
    80       out.write("</html>
    ");
    81     } catch (Throwable t) {
    82       if (!(t instanceof SkipPageException)){
    83         out = _jspx_out;
    84         if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0)
    85           try { out.clearBuffer(); } catch (java.io.IOException e) {}
    86         if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t);
    87       }
    88     } finally {
    89       _jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context);
    90     }
    91   }
    92 }
    复制代码

      我们可以看到,index_jsp这个类是继承 org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase这个类的,通过查看Tomcat服务器的源代码,可以知道在apache-tomcat-6.0.20-srcjavaorgapachejasper untime目录下存HttpJspBase这个类的源代码文件,如下图所示:

      

    我们可以看看HttpJsBase这个类的源代码,如下所示:

    复制代码
     1 /*
     2  * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
     3  * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
     4  * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
     5  * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
     6  * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
     7  * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
     8  * 
     9  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
    10  * 
    11  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    12  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    13  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    14  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    15  * limitations under the License.
    16  */
    17 
    18 package org.apache.jasper.runtime;
    19 
    20 import java.io.IOException;
    21 
    22 import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
    23 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    24 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    25 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    26 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    27 import javax.servlet.jsp.HttpJspPage;
    28 import javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory;
    29 
    30 import org.apache.jasper.compiler.Localizer;
    31 
    32 /**
    33  * This is the super class of all JSP-generated servlets.
    34  *
    35  * @author Anil K. Vijendran
    36  */
    37 public abstract class HttpJspBase 
    38     extends HttpServlet 
    39     implements HttpJspPage 
    40         
    41     
    42 {
    43     
    44     protected HttpJspBase() {
    45     }
    46 
    47     public final void init(ServletConfig config) 
    48     throws ServletException 
    49     {
    50         super.init(config);
    51     jspInit();
    52         _jspInit();
    53     }
    54     
    55     public String getServletInfo() {
    56     return Localizer.getMessage("jsp.engine.info");
    57     }
    58 
    59     public final void destroy() {
    60     jspDestroy();
    61     _jspDestroy();
    62     }
    63 
    64     /**
    65      * Entry point into service.
    66      */
    67     public final void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
    68     throws ServletException, IOException 
    69     {
    70         _jspService(request, response);
    71     }
    72     
    73     public void jspInit() {
    74     }
    75 
    76     public void _jspInit() {
    77     }
    78 
    79     public void jspDestroy() {
    80     }
    81 
    82     protected void _jspDestroy() {
    83     }
    84 
    85     public abstract void _jspService(HttpServletRequest request, 
    86                      HttpServletResponse response) 
    87     throws ServletException, IOException;
    88 }
    复制代码

      HttpJspBase类是继承HttpServlet的,所以HttpJspBase类是一个Servlet,而index_jsp又是继承HttpJspBase类的,所以index_jsp类也是一个Servlet,所以当浏览器访问服务器上的index.jsp页面时,其实就是在访问index_jsp这个Servlet,index_jsp这个Servlet使用_jspService这个方法处理请求。

    2.2、Jsp页面中的html排版标签是如何被发送到客户端的?

    浏览器接收到的这些数据

    复制代码
     1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
     2 <html>
     3   <head>
     4     <base href="http://localhost:8080/JavaWeb_Jsp_Study_20140603/">
     5     
     6     <title>First Jsp</title>
     7     
     8   </head>
     9   
    10   <body>
    11     Hello Jsp
    12   </body>
    13 </html>
    复制代码

    都是在_jspService方法中使用如下的代码输出给浏览器的:

    复制代码
     1 out.write('
    ');
     2       out.write('
    ');
     3 
     4 String path = request.getContextPath();
     5 String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
     6 
     7       out.write("
    ");
     8       out.write("
    ");
     9       out.write("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
    ");
    10       out.write("<html>
    ");
    11       out.write("  <head>
    ");
    12       out.write("    <base href="");
    13       out.print(basePath);
    14       out.write("">
    ");
    15       out.write("    
    ");
    16       out.write("    <title>First Jsp</title>
    ");
    17       out.write("	
    ");
    18       out.write("  </head>
    ");
    19       out.write("  
    ");
    20       out.write("  <body>
    ");
    21       out.write("    ");
    22 
    23         out.print("Hello Jsp");
    24     
    25       out.write("
    ");
    26       out.write("  </body>
    ");
    27       out.write("</html>
    ");
    复制代码

      在jsp中编写的java代码和html代码都会被翻译到_jspService方法中去,在jsp中编写的java代码会原封不动地翻译成java代码,如<%out.print("Hello Jsp");%>直接翻译成out.print("Hello Jsp");,而HTML代码则会翻译成使用out.write("<html标签> ");的形式输出到浏览器。在jsp页面中编写的html排版标签都是以out.write("<html标签> ");的形式输出到浏览器,浏览器拿到html代码后才能够解析执行html代码。

    2.3、Jsp页面中的java代码服务器是如何执行的?

      在jsp中编写的java代码会被翻译到_jspService方法中去,当执行_jspService方法处理请求时,就会执行在jsp编写的java代码了,所以Jsp页面中的java代码服务器是通过调用_jspService方法处理请求时执行的。

    2.4、Web服务器在调用jsp时,会给jsp提供一些什么java对象?

      查看_jspService方法可以看到,Web服务器在调用jsp时,会给Jsp提供如下的8个java对象

    复制代码
    1 PageContext pageContext;
    2 HttpSession session;
    3 ServletContext application;
    4 ServletConfig config;
    5 JspWriter out;
    6 Object page = this;
    7 HttpServletRequest request, 
    8 HttpServletResponse response
    复制代码

      其中page对象,request和response已经完成了实例化,而其它5个没有实例化的对象通过下面的方式实例化

    1 pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,null, true, 8192, true);
    2 application = pageContext.getServletContext();
    3 config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
    4 session = pageContext.getSession();
    5 out = pageContext.getOut();

     这8个java对象在Jsp页面中是可以直接使用的,如下所示:

    复制代码
     1 <%
     2         session.setAttribute("name", "session对象");//使用session对象,设置session对象的属性
     3         out.print(session.getAttribute("name")+"<br/>");//获取session对象的属性
     4         pageContext.setAttribute("name", "pageContext对象");//使用pageContext对象,设置pageContext对象的属性
     5         out.print(pageContext.getAttribute("name")+"<br/>");//获取pageContext对象的属性
     6         application.setAttribute("name", "application对象");//使用application对象,设置application对象的属性
     7         out.print(application.getAttribute("name")+"<br/>");//获取application对象的属性
     8         out.print("Hello Jsp"+"<br/>");//使用out对象
     9         out.print("服务器调用index.jsp页面时翻译成的类的名字是:"+page.getClass()+"<br/>");//使用page对象
    10         out.print("处理请求的Servlet的名字是:"+config.getServletName()+"<br/>");//使用config对象
    11         out.print(response.getContentType()+"<br/>");//使用response对象
    12         out.print(request.getContextPath()+"<br/>");//使用request对象
    13 %>
    复制代码

    运行结果如下:

      

    2.5、Jsp最佳实践

      Jsp最佳实践就是jsp技术在开发中该怎么去用。

      不管是JSP还是Servlet,虽然都可以用于开发动态web资源。但由于这2门技术各自的特点,在长期的软件实践中,人们逐渐把servlet作为web应用中的控制器组件来使用,而把JSP技术作为数据显示模板来使用。其原因为,程序的数据通常要美化后再输出:让jsp既用java代码产生动态数据,又做美化会导致页面难以维护。让servlet既产生数据,又在里面嵌套html代码美化数据,同样也会导致程序可读性差,难以维护。因此最好的办法就是根据这两门技术的特点,让它们各自负责各的,servlet只负责响应请求产生数据,并把数据通过转发技术带给jsp,数据的显示jsp来做。

    2.6、Tomcat服务器的执行流程

      

    第一次执行:

    1. 客户端通过电脑连接服务器,因为是请求是动态的,所以所有的请求交给WEB容器来处理
    2. 在容器中找到需要执行的*.jsp文件
    3. 之后*.jsp文件通过转换变为*.java文件
    4. *.java文件经过编译后,形成*.class文件
    5. 最终服务器要执行形成的*.class文件

    第二次执行:

    1. 因为已经存在了*.class文件,所以不在需要转换和编译的过程

    修改后执行:

           1.源文件已经被修改过了,所以需要重新转换,重新编译。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/telwanggs/p/5337064.html
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