python内置了许多异常类型，他们的继承关系如下：
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BaseException
+-- SystemExit
+-- KeyboardInterrupt
+-- GeneratorExit
+-- Exception
+-- StopIteration
+-- StandardError
| +-- BufferError
| +-- ArithmeticError
| | +-- FloatingPointError
| | +-- OverflowError
| | +-- ZeroDivisionError
| +-- AssertionError
| +-- AttributeError
| +-- EnvironmentError
| | +-- IOError
| | +-- OSError
| | +-- WindowsError (Windows)
| | +-- VMSError (VMS)
| +-- EOFError
| +-- ImportError
| +-- LookupError
| | +-- IndexError
| | +-- KeyError
| +-- MemoryError
| +-- NameError
| | +-- UnboundLocalError
| +-- ReferenceError
| +-- RuntimeError
| | +-- NotImplementedError
| +-- SyntaxError
| | +-- IndentationError
| | +-- TabError
| +-- SystemError
| +-- TypeError
| +-- ValueError
| +-- UnicodeError
| +-- UnicodeDecodeError
| +-- UnicodeEncodeError
| +-- UnicodeTranslateError
+-- Warning
+-- DeprecationWarning
+-- PendingDeprecationWarning
+-- RuntimeWarning
+-- SyntaxWarning
+-- UserWarning
+-- FutureWarning
+-- ImportWarning
+-- UnicodeWarning
+-- BytesWarning
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一般在自己编写程序的时候需要注意的就是TypeError、ValueError
在编写继承关系的类时，定义基类的需要被子类覆盖的方法时要注意NotImplementedError
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原文链接：https://docs.python.org/2/library/exceptions.html