Django

一、 

　　安装方式：

　　　　pip install django

　　　　pip install djangorestframework

　　　　其他细节就不多说了

在setting中加入配置

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'api.apps.ApiConfig',  # 加入api
    'rest_framework'  # 加入rest_framework
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    'api.cors.CORSMiddleware'  # 可以跨域请求
]

# 开restful接口
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES': ['rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer', 'rest_framework.renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer',],
    'DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS': 'rest_framework.versioning.URLPathVersioning',
    'ALLOWED_VERSIONS': ['v1', 'v2'],  # 允许的版本
    'VERSION_PARAM': 'version',  # 参数
    'DEFAULT_VERSION': 'v1',  # 默认版本
}

 url.py

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin


urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^api/(?P<version>w+)/', include('api.urls'))
]

apiurls.py   url路径

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from api.views import course

urlpatterns = [
    # 方式一
    # url(r'^course/', course.CourseView.as_view()),
    # url(r'^course/(?P<pk>d+)/', course.CourseView.as_view())

    # 方式二
    url(r'^course/$', course.CourseView.as_view({'get': 'list'})),
    url(r'^course/(?P<pk>d+)/$', course.CourseView.as_view({'get': 'retreice'})),

]

apiviewscourse.py     视图函数

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from api import models
from rest_framework import serializers


class CourseSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    level = serializers.CharField(source="get_level_display")  # 得到level数字对应的文字
    class Meta:
        model = models.Course
        fields = ['id', 'title', 'course_img', 'level']  # '__all__' 全部数据

# class CourseDetailSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
#     class Meta:
#         model = models.CourseDetail
#         fields = '__all__'
#         depth = 2  # 根据关联字段找到表序列化2层（0-10）

class CourseDetailSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    # 以下这3种方法只适合one2one/foreignkey/choice
    title = serializers.CharField(source='course.title')
    img = serializers.CharField(source='course.course_img')
    level = serializers.CharField(source='course.get_level_display')



    # many2many
    recommends = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    chapter = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

    def get_recommends(self, obj):
        # 获取推荐的所有课程
        queryset = obj.recommend_courses.all()
        return [{'id': row.id, 'title': row.title} for row in queryset]

    def get_chapter(self, obj):
        # 获取推荐的所有章节
        queryset = obj.course.chapter_set.all()
        return [{'id': row.id, 'num': row.num, 'name': row.name} for row in queryset]


    class Meta:
        model = models.CourseDetail
        fields = ['why', 'title', 'img', 'level', 'course', 'slogon', 'recommends', 'chapter']  # 指定数据
        depth = 2

#  方法一
# class CourseView(APIView):
#     def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # ret = {
        #     'code': 1000,
        #     'data': [
        #         {"id": 1, "title": 'python全栈'},
        #         {"id": 2, 'title': 'Linux运维'},
        #         {"id": 3, 'title': '金融分析'}
        #     ]
        # }
        # return Response(ret)
# 方法一
        # ret = {'code': 1000, 'data': None}
        # try:
        #     pk = kwargs.get('pk')
        #     if pk:
        #         obj = models.Course.objects.filter(id=pk).first()
        #         # 序列化
        #         ser = CourseSerializer(instance=obj, many=False)
        #     else:
        #         queryset = models.Course.objects.all()
        #         # 序列化
        #         ser = CourseSerializer(instance=queryset, many=True)
        #     ret['data'] = ser.data
        # except Exception as e:
        #     ret['code'] = 1001
        #     ret['data'] = '获取失败'
        # return Response(ret)

# 方法二
# views
# APIView
# GenericAPIView

from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet, ViewSetMixin


class CourseView(ViewSetMixin, APIView):
    def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        课程列表接口
        :param request:
        :param args:
        :param kwargs:
        :return:
        """
        ret = {'code': 1000, 'data': None}
        try:
            queryset = models.Course.objects.all()
            ser = CourseSerializer(instance=queryset, many=True)
            ret['data'] = ser.data
        except Exception as e:
            ret['code'] = 1001
            ret['error'] = '获取失败'
        return Response(ret)

    def retreice(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        个人信息接口
        :param request:
        :param args:
        :param kwargs:
        :return:
        """
        ret = {'code': 1000, 'data': None}
        try:
            # 课程ID
            pk = kwargs.get('pk')
            # obj = models.Course.objects.filter(id=pk).first()  # 通过Course查询ID为pk的信息
            # ser = CourseSerializer(instance=obj, many=False)  # 序列化obj信息
            obj = models.CourseDetail.objects.filter(course_id=pk).first()
            ser = CourseDetailSerializer(instance=obj, many=False)
            ret['data'] = ser.data
        except Exception as e:
            ret['code'] = 1001
            ret['error'] = '获取失败'
        return Response(ret)

api/serializers/course.py    归类要查找的数据

from api import models
from rest_framework import serializers

class CourseSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """
    课程信息的类
    """
    level = serializers.CharField(source="get_level_display")  # 得到level数字对应的文字
    class Meta:
        model = models.Course
        fields = ['id', 'title', 'course_img', 'level']  # '__all__' 全部数据

# class CourseDetailSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
#     class Meta:
#         model = models.CourseDetail
#         fields = '__all__'
#         depth = 2  # 根据关联字段找到表序列化2层（0-10）

class CourseDetailSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """
    课程详情的类
    """
    # 以下这3种方法只适合one2one/foreignkey/choice
    title = serializers.CharField(source='course.title')
    img = serializers.CharField(source='course.course_img')
    level = serializers.CharField(source='course.get_level_display')



    # many2many
    recommends = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    chapter = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

    def get_recommends(self, obj):
        # 获取推荐的所有课程
        queryset = obj.recommend_courses.all()
        return [{'id': row.id, 'title': row.title} for row in queryset]

    def get_chapter(self, obj):
        # 获取推荐的所有章节
        queryset = obj.course.chapter_set.all()
        return [{'id': row.id, 'num': row.num, 'name': row.name} for row in queryset]


    class Meta:
        model = models.CourseDetail
        fields = ['why', 'title', 'img', 'level', 'course', 'slogon', 'recommends', 'chapter']  # 指定数据
        depth = 2

api/cors.py   设置跨域请求

from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin

class CORSMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin):
    def process_response(self,request,response):
        # 允许你的域名来访问
        response['Access-Control-Allow-Origin'] = "*"
        # 允许你携带 Content-Type 请求头 不能写*
        response['Access-Control-Allow-Headers'] = 'Content-Type'
        # 允许你发送 DELETE PUT请求
        response['Access-Control-Allow-Methods'] = 'DELETE,PUT'
        return response

API接口

课程接口：
    127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/course/
    127.0.0.1:8000/api/v2/course/
单个课程接口:
    127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/course/1
    127.0.0.1:8000/api/v2/course/1

- 路由 as_view 是否添加参数，取决于视图继承的类
- 序列化
    - depth
    - source
    - 自定义method

rest_frameword详情