一 系统菜单
1 执行系统提供的窗口命令，例如最大化、关闭等命令。本质上和普通菜单一样，所以我们也可以在程序中使用这个菜单
2 系统菜单的使用
2.1 获取系统菜单
GetSystemMenu
HMENU GetSystemMenu( HWND hWnd, //要获取的窗口句柄 BOOL bRevert //获取时重置标示 );
bRevert: TRUE 重置 FLASE 不重置
当Revert为TRUE时，会将菜单重新置成默认的状态，并返回菜单句柄。如果为FALSE，菜单项不重置，获取到当前系统菜单的状态。
2.2 修改系统菜单，例如增加、删除
2.2.1 AppednMenu
2.2.2 InsertMenu
比AppednMenu增加了一个插入菜单项的位置或ID。
2.2.3 删除菜单项
BOOL RemoveMenu( // HMENU hMenu, //菜单句柄 UINT uPosition,//菜单项的位置或ID UINT uFlags );//菜单项的位置或ID的标示。
uFlags为MF_BYCOMMAND， uPosition为菜单ID
uFlags为MF_BYPOSITION，uPosition为菜单位置
2.3 系统菜单的命令响应
系统菜单的命令响应，是在WM_SYSCOMMAND中。
WPARAM - LOWORD(wParam)为增加的菜单的ID
int nID = LOWORD( wParam ); switch( nID ) { case 1001: //... break; }
View Code
// SysMenu.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application. // #include "stdafx.h" #include "stdio.h" HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL; HANDLE g_hStdOut = NULL; void OnCreate( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { // 获取系统菜单 HMENU hSysMenu = GetSystemMenu( hWnd, FALSE ); // 删除菜单项 RemoveMenu( hSysMenu, 0, MF_BYPOSITION ); RemoveMenu( hSysMenu, 0, MF_BYPOSITION ); RemoveMenu( hSysMenu, 0, MF_BYPOSITION ); RemoveMenu( hSysMenu, 0, MF_BYPOSITION ); RemoveMenu( hSysMenu, 0, MF_BYPOSITION ); // 增加菜单项 InsertMenu( hSysMenu, 0, MF_BYPOSITION|MF_STRING, 1001, "测试1" ); InsertMenu( hSysMenu, 1, MF_BYPOSITION|MF_STRING, 1002, "测试2" ); } void OnSysCommand( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { CHAR szText[260] = { 0 }; sprintf( szText, "OnSysCommand: WPARAM=%08X,LPARAM=%08X\n", wParam, lParam ); WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText, strlen(szText), NULL, NULL ); int nID = LOWORD( wParam ); switch( nID ) { case 1001: MessageBox( NULL, "Hello 1001", "SysMenu", MB_OK ); break; case 1002: MessageBox( NULL, "Hello 1002", "SysMenu", MB_OK ); break; } } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { switch( nMsg ) { case WM_CREATE: OnCreate( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); break; case WM_SYSCOMMAND: OnSysCommand( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); break; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage( 0 ); return 0; } return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); } BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 }; wce.cbSize = sizeof( wce ); wce.cbClsExtra = 0; wce.cbWndExtra = 0; wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW); wce.hCursor = NULL; wce.hIcon = NULL; wce.hIconSm = NULL; wce.hInstance = g_hInst; wce.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName; wce.lpszMenuName = NULL; wce.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW; ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce ); if( 0 == nAtom ) { return FALSE; } return TRUE; } HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0, pszClassName, "MyWnd", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, g_hInst, NULL ); return hWnd; } void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd ) { ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW ); UpdateWindow( hWnd ); } void Message( ) { MSG msg = { 0 }; while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) ) { TranslateMessage( &msg ); DispatchMessage( &msg ); } } void NewConsole( ) { AllocConsole( ); g_hStdOut = GetStdHandle( STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE ); } int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { NewConsole( ); g_hInst = hInstance; RegisterWnd( "MYWND" ); HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" ); DisplayWnd( hWnd ); Message( ); return 0; }
二 右键菜单
1 右键菜单
当在窗口点击鼠标右键时，弹出的菜单。
2 右键菜单的使用
2.1 创建菜单
CreatePopupMenu
2.2 菜单增加
AppendMenu
2.3 菜单的显示
BOOL TrackPopupMenu( HMENU hMenu, //显示的菜单句柄 UINT uFlags, //显示的方式 int x, //菜单的X屏幕坐标 int y, //菜单的Y屏幕坐标 int nReserved, //保留,必须为0 HWND hWnd, //处理菜单命令的窗口句柄 CONST RECT *prcRect ); //忽略
2.4 菜单的命令处理
WM_COMMAND
2.5 使用右键菜单的位置
2.5.1 WM_RBUTTONUP 消息
在WM_RBUTTONUP中,添加菜单的创建及显示,
右键消息坐标,转换成屏幕坐标使用.
ClientToScreen.
2.5.2 WM_CONTEXTMENU 消息
用于显示右键的菜单的消息.
WPARAM - 右键抬起时对应窗口句柄
LPARAM - 右键抬起时鼠标的屏幕坐标位置
LOWORD(lParam) - X屏幕坐标
HIWORD(lParam) - Y屏幕坐标
2.5.3 WM_RBUTTONUP和WM_CONTEXTMENU对比
1) 坐标系不同, WM_RBUTTONUP客户区坐标,WM_CONTEXTMENU屏幕坐标
2) 先有WM_RBUTTONUP消息,后有WM_CONTEXTMENU消息
View Code
// PopMenu.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application. // #include "stdafx.h" HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL; void OnRButtonUp( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { // 创建弹出式菜单 HMENU hPopMenu = CreatePopupMenu( ); // 增加菜单项 AppendMenu( hPopMenu, MF_STRING, 1001, "测试1"); AppendMenu( hPopMenu, MF_SEPARATOR, 0, NULL ); AppendMenu( hPopMenu, MF_STRING, 1002, "退出"); // 获取菜单位置 POINT point = { 0 }; point.x = LOWORD( lParam ); point.y = HIWORD( lParam ); ClientToScreen( hWnd, &point ); // 显示菜单 TrackPopupMenu( hPopMenu, TPM_LEFTALIGN, point.x, point.y, 0, hWnd, NULL ); } void OnContextMenu( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { // 创建弹出式菜单 HMENU hPopMenu = CreatePopupMenu( ); // 增加菜单项 AppendMenu( hPopMenu, MF_STRING, 1001, "测试2"); AppendMenu( hPopMenu, MF_SEPARATOR, 0, NULL ); AppendMenu( hPopMenu, MF_STRING, 1002, "退出"); // 坐标获取 int nX = LOWORD( lParam ); int nY = HIWORD( lParam ); // 显示菜单 TrackPopupMenu( hPopMenu, TPM_LEFTALIGN, nX, nY, 0, hWnd, NULL ); // 删除菜单 DestroyMenu( hPopMenu ); } void OnCommand( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { int nCmdID = LOWORD( wParam ); switch( nCmdID ) { case 1001: MessageBox( NULL, "Hello Popmenu", "PopMenu", MB_OK ); break; case 1002: PostQuitMessage( 0 ); break; } } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { switch( nMsg ) { case WM_RBUTTONUP: //OnRButtonUp( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); break; case WM_CONTEXTMENU: OnContextMenu( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); break; case WM_COMMAND: OnCommand( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); break; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage( 0 ); return 0; } return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); } BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 }; wce.cbSize = sizeof( wce ); wce.cbClsExtra = 0; wce.cbWndExtra = 0; wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW); wce.hCursor = NULL; wce.hIcon = NULL; wce.hIconSm = NULL; wce.hInstance = g_hInst; wce.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName; wce.lpszMenuName = NULL; wce.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW; ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce ); if( 0 == nAtom ) { return FALSE; } return TRUE; } HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0, pszClassName, "MyWnd", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, g_hInst, NULL ); return hWnd; } void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd ) { ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW ); UpdateWindow( hWnd ); } void Message( ) { MSG msg = { 0 }; while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) ) { TranslateMessage( &msg ); DispatchMessage( &msg ); } } int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { g_hInst = hInstance; RegisterWnd( "MYWND" ); HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" ); DisplayWnd( hWnd ); Message( ); return 0; }
三 资源的使用
1 资源文件
图标、光标、字符串、菜单、加速键和对话框资源,位图资源等等。
资源脚本文件 - 扩展名为RC文件。定义了资源和相关文件等等信息。
资源编译器 - RC.exe
2 图标资源ICON
2.1 常用的几种大小: 16X16, 32X32,48X48
2.2 使用
HICON LoadIcon(
HINSTANCE hInstance, //应用程序的句柄
LPCTSTR lpIconName );//图标的ID字符串
2.3 系统提供的图标
hInstance为空, lpIconName为定义的系统图标.
2.4 自己绘制的图标
hInstance为图标所在的应用程序的实例句柄
2.5 注意点：
一个图标文件中,可以包含多种大小、颜色不同的图标，系统使用图标时，通过大小来匹配，如果未找到大小完全一致的，那么会使用大小最接近的图标格式替换。
3 光标资源
3.1 光标资源
热点 Hotspot - 可以产生鼠标点击的位置
3.2 使用
HCURSOR LoadCursor(
HINSTANCE hInstance, //应用程序实例句柄
LPCTSTR lpCursorName); //光标的ID
3.3 系统的光标
hInstance为空，lpCursorName指定为系统的光标即可获得
3.4 自绘制的光标
hInstance不能为空。
3.5 WM_SETCURSOR消息
当鼠标在窗口内就会产生。可以在程序执行的过程中修改鼠标样式。
wParam - 窗口句柄;
LOWORD(lParam) - 所在位置的标识
HIWORD(lParam) - 鼠标的消息ID
SetCursour 设置当前窗口的光标
View Code
// WinRes.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application. // #include "stdafx.h" #include "resource.h" HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL; BOOL OnSetCursor( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { int nHitTest = LOWORD( lParam ); if( HTCLIENT != nHitTest ) { return FALSE; } //获得窗口的客户区 RECT rcClient = { 0 }; GetClientRect( hWnd, &rcClient ); //获得当前光标的位置 POINT ptPos = { 0 }; GetCursorPos( &ptPos ); ScreenToClient( hWnd, &ptPos ); //根据位置加载光标 HCURSOR hCursor = NULL; if( ptPos.x < rcClient.right/2 ) { if( ptPos.y < rcClient.bottom/2 ) { hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_SIZEALL ); } else { hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_CROSS ); } } else { if( ptPos.y < rcClient.bottom/2 ) { hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_WAIT ); } else { hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_UPARROW ); } } // 设置光标 SetCursor( hCursor ); return TRUE; } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { switch( nMsg ) { case WM_SETCURSOR: if( TRUE == OnSetCursor( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ) ) { return 0; } break; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage( 0 ); return 0; } return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); } BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 }; wce.cbSize = sizeof( wce ); wce.cbClsExtra = 0; wce.cbWndExtra = 0; wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW); wce.hCursor = LoadCursor( g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_CURSOR1) ); wce.hIcon = LoadIcon( g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_MAIN) ); wce.hIconSm = NULL; wce.hInstance = g_hInst; wce.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName; wce.lpszMenuName = NULL; wce.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW; ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce ); if( 0 == nAtom ) { return FALSE; } return TRUE; } HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0, pszClassName, "MyWnd", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, g_hInst, NULL ); return hWnd; } void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd ) { ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW ); UpdateWindow( hWnd ); } void Message( ) { MSG msg = { 0 }; while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) ) { TranslateMessage( &msg ); DispatchMessage( &msg ); } } int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { g_hInst = hInstance; RegisterWnd( "MYWND" ); HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" ); DisplayWnd( hWnd ); Message( ); return 0; }
4 字符串资源
4.1 包含字符串的资源
4.2 使用
int LoadString(
HINSTANCE hInstance,//程序句柄
UINT uID, //字符串资源的ID
LPTSTR lpBuffer, //存放字符串的BUFF
int nBufferMax ); //BUFF的大小
返回获取字符串的长度
5 菜单资源
5.1 添加菜单资源
5.2 加载菜单资源
HMENU LoadMenu(
HINSTANCE hInstance, //应用程序句柄
LPCTSTR lpMenuName );//菜单ID字符串
返回加载成功的菜单的句柄
5.3 命令处理
使用添加的菜单ID的宏,在WM_COMMAND消息中,处理菜单命令.
View Code
// WinRes.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application. // #include "stdafx.h" #include "resource.h" HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL; BOOL OnSetCursor( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { //判断是否是位于客户区之上 int nHitTest = LOWORD( lParam ); if( HTCLIENT != nHitTest ) { //不在客户区，返回FALSE， //让DefWindowProc处理 return FALSE; } //获得窗口的客户区 RECT rcClient = { 0 }; GetClientRect( hWnd, &rcClient ); //获得当前光标的位置 POINT ptPos = { 0 }; GetCursorPos( &ptPos ); ScreenToClient( hWnd, &ptPos ); //根据位置加载光标 HCURSOR hCursor = NULL; if( ptPos.x < rcClient.right/2 ) { if( ptPos.y < rcClient.bottom/2 ) { hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_SIZEALL ); } else { hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_CROSS ); } } else { if( ptPos.y < rcClient.bottom/2 ) { hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_WAIT ); } else { hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_UPARROW ); } } // 设置光标 SetCursor( hCursor ); return TRUE; } void OnCommand( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { int nCmdID = LOWORD( wParam ); switch( nCmdID ) { case ID_EXIT: PostQuitMessage( 0 ); break; case ID_ABOUT: break; } } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { switch( nMsg ) { case WM_COMMAND: OnCommand( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); break; case WM_SETCURSOR: if( TRUE == OnSetCursor( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ) ) { return 0; } break; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage( 0 ); return 0; } return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); } BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 }; wce.cbSize = sizeof( wce ); wce.cbClsExtra = 0; wce.cbWndExtra = 0; wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW); wce.hCursor = LoadCursor( g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_CURSOR1) ); wce.hIcon = LoadIcon( g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_MAIN) ); wce.hIconSm = NULL; wce.hInstance = g_hInst; wce.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName; wce.lpszMenuName = NULL; wce.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW; ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce ); if( 0 == nAtom ) { return FALSE; } return TRUE; } HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { //加载字符串资源 CHAR szText[260] = { 0 }; LoadString( g_hInst, IDS_MAIN, szText, 260 ); //加载菜单 HMENU hMenu = LoadMenu( g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_MAIN) ); //创建窗口 HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0, pszClassName, szText, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, hMenu, g_hInst, NULL ); return hWnd; } void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd ) { ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW ); UpdateWindow( hWnd ); } void Message( ) { MSG msg = { 0 }; while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) ) { TranslateMessage( &msg ); DispatchMessage( &msg ); } } int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { g_hInst = hInstance; RegisterWnd( "MYWND" ); HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" ); DisplayWnd( hWnd ); Message( ); return 0; }
6 加速键资源
6.1 加速键的作用
可以使用加速键执行命令. 例如Ctrl+S存盘.
6.2 加速键资源的添加
6.3 加速键的使用
6.3.1 加载
HACCEL LoadAccelerators(
HINSTANCE hInstance,//资源所在的应用程序句柄
LPCTSTR lpTableName ); //加速键表的ID字符串
加载成功返回加速键表的句柄
6.3.2 增加消息处理
int TranslateAccelerator( HWND hWnd, //处理加速键的窗口句柄 HACCEL hAccTable, //加速键表 LPMSG lpMsg );//MSG结构的地址
6.4 关于加速键的消息
TranslateAccelerator的作用是将WM_KEYDOWN或者WM_SYSKEYDOWN消息,翻译成WM_COMMAND或者WM_SYSCOMMAND消息.
当收到KEYDOWN或者SYSKEYDOWN的消息时,会根据加速键表中按键和命令ID对应关系,找到相应的命令ID,然后调用窗口处理函数,执行WM_COMMAND或者WM_SYSCOMMAND消息.
当找到对应命令ID并执行后，TranslateAccelerator返回非零，那么就不再执行后续的处理，消息循环等候下一条消息。否则，继续让消息循环中的TansnlateMessage和DispatchMessage处理。
View Code
// WinRes.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application. // #include "stdafx.h" #include "resource.h" HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL; BOOL OnSetCursor( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { //判断是否是位于客户区之上 int nHitTest = LOWORD( lParam ); if( HTCLIENT != nHitTest ) { //不在客户区，返回FALSE， //让DefWindowProc处理 return FALSE; } //获得窗口的客户区 RECT rcClient = { 0 }; GetClientRect( hWnd, &rcClient ); //获得当前光标的位置 POINT ptPos = { 0 }; GetCursorPos( &ptPos ); ScreenToClient( hWnd, &ptPos ); //根据位置加载光标 HCURSOR hCursor = NULL; if( ptPos.x < rcClient.right/2 ) { if( ptPos.y < rcClient.bottom/2 ) { hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_SIZEALL ); } else { hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_CROSS ); } } else { if( ptPos.y < rcClient.bottom/2 ) { hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_WAIT ); } else { hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_UPARROW ); } } // 设置光标 SetCursor( hCursor ); return TRUE; } void OnCommand( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { int nCmdID = LOWORD( wParam ); switch( nCmdID ) { case ID_EXIT: PostQuitMessage( 0 ); break; case ID_ABOUT: break; } } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { switch( nMsg ) { case WM_COMMAND: OnCommand( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); break; case WM_SETCURSOR: if( TRUE == OnSetCursor( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ) ) { return 0; } break; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage( 0 ); return 0; } return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); } BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 }; wce.cbSize = sizeof( wce ); wce.cbClsExtra = 0; wce.cbWndExtra = 0; wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW); wce.hCursor = LoadCursor( g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_CURSOR1) ); wce.hIcon = LoadIcon( g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_MAIN) ); wce.hIconSm = NULL; wce.hInstance = g_hInst; wce.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName; wce.lpszMenuName = NULL; wce.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW; ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce ); if( 0 == nAtom ) { return FALSE; } return TRUE; } HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { //加载字符串资源 CHAR szText[260] = { 0 }; LoadString( g_hInst, IDS_MAIN, szText, 260 ); //加载菜单 HMENU hMenu = LoadMenu( g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_MAIN) ); //创建窗口 HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0, pszClassName, szText, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, hMenu, g_hInst, NULL ); return hWnd; } void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd ) { ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW ); UpdateWindow( hWnd ); } void Message( HWND hWnd ) { //加载加速键表 HACCEL hAccel = LoadAccelerators( g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_ACCEL) ); //消息循环 MSG msg = { 0 }; while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) ) { // 增加加速键的消息处理 if( !TranslateAccelerator( hWnd, hAccel, &msg ) ) { //字符消息处理 TranslateMessage( &msg ); //消息派发 DispatchMessage( &msg ); } } } int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { g_hInst = hInstance; RegisterWnd( "MYWND" ); HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" ); DisplayWnd( hWnd ); Message( hWnd ); return 0; }
四 程序编写
1 定时器设置
实现定时器的关闭和打开
代码如下，这个是新建一个win32程序，选择简单的hello word程序。和之前的有点小不一样。
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// WinCase.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application. // #include "stdafx.h" #include "resource.h" #define MAX_LOADSTRING 100 // Global Variables: HINSTANCE hInst; // current instance TCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING]; // The title bar text TCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING]; int g_nX = 0; int g_nY = 0; // The title bar text // Foward declarations of functions included in this code module: ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance); BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int); LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); LRESULT CALLBACK About(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { // TODO: Place code here. MSG msg; HACCEL hAccelTable; // Initialize global strings LoadString(hInstance, IDS_APP_TITLE, szTitle, MAX_LOADSTRING); LoadString(hInstance, IDC_WINCASE, szWindowClass, MAX_LOADSTRING); MyRegisterClass(hInstance); // Perform application initialization: if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow)) { return FALSE; } hAccelTable = LoadAccelerators(hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDC_WINCASE); // Main message loop: while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { if (!TranslateAccelerator(msg.hwnd, hAccelTable, &msg)) { TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } } return msg.wParam; } // // FUNCTION: MyRegisterClass() // // PURPOSE: Registers the window class. // // COMMENTS: // // This function and its usage is only necessary if you want this code // to be compatible with Win32 systems prior to the 'RegisterClassEx' // function that was added to Windows 95. It is important to call this function // so that the application will get 'well formed' small icons associated // with it. // ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance) { WNDCLASSEX wcex; wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; wcex.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC)WndProc; wcex.cbClsExtra = 0; wcex.cbWndExtra = 0; wcex.hInstance = hInstance; wcex.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDI_WINCASE); wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1); wcex.lpszMenuName = (LPCSTR)IDC_WINCASE; wcex.lpszClassName = szWindowClass; wcex.hIconSm = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDI_SMALL); return RegisterClassEx(&wcex); } // // FUNCTION: InitInstance(HANDLE, int) // // PURPOSE: Saves instance handle and creates main window // // COMMENTS: // // In this function, we save the instance handle in a global variable and // create and display the main program window. // BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow) { HWND hWnd; hInst = hInstance; // Store instance handle in our global variable hWnd = CreateWindow(szWindowClass, szTitle, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL); if (!hWnd) { return FALSE; } ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow); UpdateWindow(hWnd); return TRUE; } // // FUNCTION: WndProc(HWND, unsigned, WORD, LONG) // // PURPOSE: Processes messages for the main window. // // WM_COMMAND - process the application menu // WM_PAINT - Paint the main window // WM_DESTROY - post a quit message and return // // LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { int wmId, wmEvent; PAINTSTRUCT ps; HDC hdc; TCHAR szHello[MAX_LOADSTRING]; LoadString(hInst, IDS_HELLO, szHello, MAX_LOADSTRING); switch (message) { case WM_COMMAND: wmId = LOWORD(wParam); wmEvent = HIWORD(wParam); // Parse the menu selections: switch (wmId) { case ID_BEGIN: SetTimer( hWnd, 1001, 1 * 1000, NULL ); break; case ID_STOP: KillTimer( hWnd, 1001 ); break; case IDM_ABOUT: DialogBox(hInst, (LPCTSTR)IDD_ABOUTBOX, hWnd, (DLGPROC)About); break; case IDM_EXIT: DestroyWindow(hWnd); break; default: return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam); } break; case WM_PAINT: { hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps); CHAR szText[] = "Hello Ball"; TextOut( hdc, g_nX, g_nY, szText, strlen(szText) ); EndPaint(hWnd, &ps); } break; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0); break; case WM_TIMER: g_nX += 5; g_nY += 5; InvalidateRect( hWnd, NULL, TRUE ); break; default: return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam); } return 0; } // Mesage handler for about box. LRESULT CALLBACK About(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (message) { case WM_INITDIALOG: return TRUE; case WM_COMMAND: if (LOWORD(wParam) == IDOK || LOWORD(wParam) == IDCANCEL) { EndDialog(hDlg, LOWORD(wParam)); return TRUE; } break; } return FALSE; }