由于一直基于Oracle数据库上做开发,因此常常会需要把大量的Excel数据导入到Oracle数据库中,其实如果从事SqlServer数据库的开发,那么思路也是一样的,本文主要介绍如何导入Excel数据进入Oracle数据库的内容。
一般我们拿到的Excel数据,都会有一个表头说明,然后下面是一连串的数据内容,如下图所示:
而Oracle中数据库一般为英文名称,中文名称就需要转义,为了方便导入,我把中文名称对照数据库的字段,把表头修改为对应的字段名称,如果没有数据库对应的字段,那么删除Excel的无用列即可,如下所示。
首先我们在导入Excel的例子中加载显示要导入的数据,一个是为了直观,第二个也是为了检查数据的有效性,避免出错,界面如下所示:
在介绍导入操作前,我们先要分析下数据,否则就很容易出现错误的语句,一般日期的格式、数字的格式就要特别注意,文本格式一般看是否超出字段的长度,一般成功导入前都会发生好多次的错误问题,解决了这些格式的问题,基本上就OK了。如下面日期和数字的格式问题,就必须注意转换为对应的内容格式:
下面介绍具体的显示数据和导入数据的操作代码:
显示Excel数据的代码如下所示:
代码
private string connectionStringFormat = "Provider = Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0 ; Data Source = '{0}';Extended Properties=Excel 8.0";
private DataSet myDs = new DataSet();
private void btnViewData_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (this.txtFilePath.Text == "")
{
MessageUtil.ShowTips("请选择指定的Excel文件");
return;
}
string connectString = string.Format(connectionStringFormat, this.txtFilePath.Text);
try
{
myDs.Tables.Clear();
myDs.Clear();
OleDbConnection cnnxls = new OleDbConnection(connectString);
OleDbDataAdapter myDa = new OleDbDataAdapter("select * from [Sheet1$]", cnnxls);
myDa.Fill(myDs, "c");
dataGrid1.DataSource = myDs.Tables[0];
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}
}
private DataSet myDs = new DataSet();
private void btnViewData_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (this.txtFilePath.Text == "")
{
MessageUtil.ShowTips("请选择指定的Excel文件");
return;
}
string connectString = string.Format(connectionStringFormat, this.txtFilePath.Text);
try
{
myDs.Tables.Clear();
myDs.Clear();
OleDbConnection cnnxls = new OleDbConnection(connectString);
OleDbDataAdapter myDa = new OleDbDataAdapter("select * from [Sheet1$]", cnnxls);
myDa.Fill(myDs, "c");
dataGrid1.DataSource = myDs.Tables[0];
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}
}
导入操作的代码如下所示(由于数据格式需要验证,以及需要判断数据库是否存在指定关键字的记录,如果存在,那么更新,否则插入新的记录,如果仅仅是第一次导入,操作代码可以更为精简一些):
代码
private void btnSaveData_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (this.txtFilePath.Text == "")
{
MessageUtil.ShowTips("请选择指定的Excel文件");
return;
}
if (MessageUtil.ShowYesNoAndWarning("该操作将把数据导入到系统的用户数据库中,您确定是否继续?") == DialogResult.Yes)
{
InsertData();
}
}
private bool CheckIsDate(string columnName)
{
string str = ",PREPARE_DATE,COPY_DATE,COPY_VALIDITY,BUSINESS_VALIDITY,OPENING_APPROVAL_DATE,OPENING_DATE,EDITTIME,LICENSE_DATE,LICENSE_VALIDITY,TEMP_OPENING_DATE,LICENSE_START_DATE,ADDTIME,EDITTIME,";
return str.Contains("," + columnName.ToUpper() + ",");
}
private bool CheckIsNumeric(string columnName)
{
string str = ",FIXED_CAPITAL,REG_CAPITAL,MARGIN,PARK_AREA,PARK_SPACE_NUMBER,";
return str.Contains("," + columnName.ToUpper() + ",");
}
private void InsertData()
{
int intOk = 0;
int intFail = 0;
if (myDs != null && myDs.Tables[0].Rows.Count > 0)
{
string accessConnectString = config.GetConnectionString("DataAccess");
OracleConnection conn = new OracleConnection(accessConnectString);
conn.Open();
OracleCommand com = null;
#region 组装字段列表
string insertColumnString = "ID,";
DataTable dt = myDs.Tables[0];
int k = 0;
foreach (DataColumn col in dt.Columns)
{
insertColumnString += string.Format("{0},", col.ColumnName);
}
insertColumnString = insertColumnString.Trim(',');
#endregion
try
{
foreach (DataRow dr in dt.Rows)
{
if (dr[0].ToString() == "")
{
continue;
}
#region 组装Sql语句
string insertValueString = "SEQ_TBPARK_ENTERPRISE.Nextval,";
string updateValueString = "";
string COMPANY_CODE = dr["COMPANY_CODE"].ToString().Replace("<空>", "");
#region 拼接Sql字符串
for(int i = 0; i < dt.Columns.Count; i++)
{
string originalValue = dr[i].ToString().Replace("<空>", "");
//if (!CheckIsDate(dt.Rows[0][i].ToString()))
if (!CheckIsDate(dt.Columns[i].ColumnName))
{
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(originalValue))
{
if (CheckIsNumeric(dt.Columns[i].ColumnName))
{
insertValueString += string.Format("'{0}',", Convert.ToDecimal(originalValue));
updateValueString += string.Format("{0}='{1}',", dt.Columns[i].ColumnName, Convert.ToDecimal(originalValue));
}
else
{
insertValueString += string.Format("'{0}',", originalValue);
updateValueString += string.Format("{0}='{1}',", dt.Columns[i].ColumnName, originalValue);
}
}
else
{
insertValueString += string.Format("NULL,");
updateValueString += string.Format("{0}=NULL,", dt.Columns[i].ColumnName);
}
}
else
{
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(originalValue))
{
insertValueString += string.Format("to_date('{0}','yyyy-mm-dd'),", Convert.ToDateTime(originalValue).ToString("yyyy-MM-dd"));
updateValueString += string.Format("{0}=to_date('{1}','yyyy-mm-dd'),", dt.Columns[i].ColumnName, Convert.ToDateTime(originalValue).ToString("yyyy-MM-dd"));
}
else
{
insertValueString += string.Format("NULL,");
updateValueString += string.Format("{0}=NULL,", dt.Columns[i].ColumnName);
}
}
}
insertValueString = insertValueString.Trim(',');
updateValueString = updateValueString.Trim(',');
#endregion
string insertSql = string.Format(@"INSERT INTO tbpark_enterprise ({0}) VALUES({1})", insertColumnString, insertValueString);
string updateSql = string.Format("Update tbpark_enterprise set {0} Where COMPANY_CODE='{1}' ", updateValueString, COMPANY_CODE);
string checkExistSql = string.Format("Select count(*) from tbpark_enterprise where COMPANY_CODE='{0}' ", COMPANY_CODE);
#endregion
#region 写入数据
try
{
com = new OracleCommand();
com.Connection = conn;
com.CommandText = checkExistSql;
object objCount = com.ExecuteScalar();
bool succeed = false;
bool exist = Convert.ToInt32(objCount) > 0;
if (exist)
{
//需要更新
//WriteString(updateSql);
com.CommandText = updateSql;
succeed = com.ExecuteNonQuery() > 0;
}
else
{
//需要插入
//WriteString2(insertSql);
com.CommandText = insertSql;
succeed = com.ExecuteNonQuery() > 0;
}
if (succeed)
{
intOk++;
}
else
{
intFail++;
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
intFail++;
WriteString(com.CommandText);
LogHelper.Error(ex);
break;
}
#endregion
}
#region 关闭
if (conn != null && conn.State != ConnectionState.Closed)
{
conn.Close();
}
if (com != null)
{
com.Dispose();
}
#endregion
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
LogHelper.Error(ex);
MessageUtil.ShowError(ex.ToString());
}
if (intOk > 0 || intFail > 0)
{
string tips = string.Format("数据导入成功:{0}个,失败:{1}个", intOk, intFail);
MessageUtil.ShowTips(tips);
}
}
}
{
if (this.txtFilePath.Text == "")
{
MessageUtil.ShowTips("请选择指定的Excel文件");
return;
}
if (MessageUtil.ShowYesNoAndWarning("该操作将把数据导入到系统的用户数据库中,您确定是否继续?") == DialogResult.Yes)
{
InsertData();
}
}
private bool CheckIsDate(string columnName)
{
string str = ",PREPARE_DATE,COPY_DATE,COPY_VALIDITY,BUSINESS_VALIDITY,OPENING_APPROVAL_DATE,OPENING_DATE,EDITTIME,LICENSE_DATE,LICENSE_VALIDITY,TEMP_OPENING_DATE,LICENSE_START_DATE,ADDTIME,EDITTIME,";
return str.Contains("," + columnName.ToUpper() + ",");
}
private bool CheckIsNumeric(string columnName)
{
string str = ",FIXED_CAPITAL,REG_CAPITAL,MARGIN,PARK_AREA,PARK_SPACE_NUMBER,";
return str.Contains("," + columnName.ToUpper() + ",");
}
private void InsertData()
{
int intOk = 0;
int intFail = 0;
if (myDs != null && myDs.Tables[0].Rows.Count > 0)
{
string accessConnectString = config.GetConnectionString("DataAccess");
OracleConnection conn = new OracleConnection(accessConnectString);
conn.Open();
OracleCommand com = null;
#region 组装字段列表
string insertColumnString = "ID,";
DataTable dt = myDs.Tables[0];
int k = 0;
foreach (DataColumn col in dt.Columns)
{
insertColumnString += string.Format("{0},", col.ColumnName);
}
insertColumnString = insertColumnString.Trim(',');
#endregion
try
{
foreach (DataRow dr in dt.Rows)
{
if (dr[0].ToString() == "")
{
continue;
}
#region 组装Sql语句
string insertValueString = "SEQ_TBPARK_ENTERPRISE.Nextval,";
string updateValueString = "";
string COMPANY_CODE = dr["COMPANY_CODE"].ToString().Replace("<空>", "");
#region 拼接Sql字符串
for(int i = 0; i < dt.Columns.Count; i++)
{
string originalValue = dr[i].ToString().Replace("<空>", "");
//if (!CheckIsDate(dt.Rows[0][i].ToString()))
if (!CheckIsDate(dt.Columns[i].ColumnName))
{
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(originalValue))
{
if (CheckIsNumeric(dt.Columns[i].ColumnName))
{
insertValueString += string.Format("'{0}',", Convert.ToDecimal(originalValue));
updateValueString += string.Format("{0}='{1}',", dt.Columns[i].ColumnName, Convert.ToDecimal(originalValue));
}
else
{
insertValueString += string.Format("'{0}',", originalValue);
updateValueString += string.Format("{0}='{1}',", dt.Columns[i].ColumnName, originalValue);
}
}
else
{
insertValueString += string.Format("NULL,");
updateValueString += string.Format("{0}=NULL,", dt.Columns[i].ColumnName);
}
}
else
{
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(originalValue))
{
insertValueString += string.Format("to_date('{0}','yyyy-mm-dd'),", Convert.ToDateTime(originalValue).ToString("yyyy-MM-dd"));
updateValueString += string.Format("{0}=to_date('{1}','yyyy-mm-dd'),", dt.Columns[i].ColumnName, Convert.ToDateTime(originalValue).ToString("yyyy-MM-dd"));
}
else
{
insertValueString += string.Format("NULL,");
updateValueString += string.Format("{0}=NULL,", dt.Columns[i].ColumnName);
}
}
}
insertValueString = insertValueString.Trim(',');
updateValueString = updateValueString.Trim(',');
#endregion
string insertSql = string.Format(@"INSERT INTO tbpark_enterprise ({0}) VALUES({1})", insertColumnString, insertValueString);
string updateSql = string.Format("Update tbpark_enterprise set {0} Where COMPANY_CODE='{1}' ", updateValueString, COMPANY_CODE);
string checkExistSql = string.Format("Select count(*) from tbpark_enterprise where COMPANY_CODE='{0}' ", COMPANY_CODE);
#endregion
#region 写入数据
try
{
com = new OracleCommand();
com.Connection = conn;
com.CommandText = checkExistSql;
object objCount = com.ExecuteScalar();
bool succeed = false;
bool exist = Convert.ToInt32(objCount) > 0;
if (exist)
{
//需要更新
//WriteString(updateSql);
com.CommandText = updateSql;
succeed = com.ExecuteNonQuery() > 0;
}
else
{
//需要插入
//WriteString2(insertSql);
com.CommandText = insertSql;
succeed = com.ExecuteNonQuery() > 0;
}
if (succeed)
{
intOk++;
}
else
{
intFail++;
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
intFail++;
WriteString(com.CommandText);
LogHelper.Error(ex);
break;
}
#endregion
}
#region 关闭
if (conn != null && conn.State != ConnectionState.Closed)
{
conn.Close();
}
if (com != null)
{
com.Dispose();
}
#endregion
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
LogHelper.Error(ex);
MessageUtil.ShowError(ex.ToString());
}
if (intOk > 0 || intFail > 0)
{
string tips = string.Format("数据导入成功:{0}个,失败:{1}个", intOk, intFail);
MessageUtil.ShowTips(tips);
}
}
}