websocket

长轮询：客服端不停的给服务端发起请求(一直请求浪费流量)

websocket：是服务器和客服端一直连接起来

websocket协议是基于TCP的HTML5协议

1.首先导入　　import tornado.websocket

2.写一个Base类，继承　　tornado.websocket.WebSocketHandler

class BaseWebSoketHandler(tornado.websocket.WebSocketHandler, SessionMixin): 　　# Session为redis加密cookie需要继承类
    def get_current_user(self):   # 重写
        current_user = self.session.get('ID')　　# 通过redi加密时登陆时发送的cookie，现在在这儿获取cookie信息
        if current_user:
            return current_user
        return None

　　# redis 加密需要的Base类
class BaseHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler, SessionMixin):
    def get_current_user(self):
        current_user = self.session.get('ID')
        if current_user:
            return current_user
        return None

 # 登陆界面 
class LoginHandler(BaseHandler):
    def get(self):
        nextname = self.get_argument('next','')
        self.render('login_1.html',　　　　# form表单
                    nextname=nextname,
                    error=''
                    )
    def post(self, *args, **kwargs):
        name = self.get_argument('name','')
        password = self.get_argument('password','')
        username = User.by_name(name)
        nextname = self.get_argument('next','')
        print(name, password, nextname)
        if username and username.password==password:
            # self.set_secure_cookie('ID', name, httponly=True)
            self.session.set('ID',name)    #
            if nextname:
                self.redirect(nextname)
            else:
                self.redirect('/')
        else:
            self.render('login_1.html',
                        nextname=nextname,
                        error='用户名或密码错误'
                        )

# 登陆后返回 聊天交互界面
class IndexHandler(BaseHandler):
    @authenticated
    def get(self):
        self.render('08websocket.html')

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

08websocket.html

<body>
    <div class="box">
        <div>
            <textarea id="text" placeholder="请输入您的内容"></textarea>
            <a href="javascript:WebSocketSend();" class="btn btn-primary">发送</a>
        </div>
        <ul id="messages">
        </ul>
    </div>


    <script src="{{ static_url('js/jquery-2.2.0.min.js') }}"></script>


    <script type="text/javascript">

        var mes = document.getElementById('messages');
        if("WebSocket" in window){
            mes.innerHTML = "发送WebSocket请求成功！";
            var ws = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:8000/websocket");
            ws.onopen = function () {
            alert('连接已打开请聊天')
        };
        ws.onmessage = function (goudan) {

            var received_msg = goudan.data;

            var aLi = $("<li>"+received_msg+"</li>");
            $(mes).append($(aLi)) //  方法一
//            $(aLi).appendTo(mes); //  方法二
        };
        ws.onclose = function () {
            mes.innerHTML = mes.innerHTML + "<br>连接已经关闭...";
        };
        } else {
            mes.innerHTML = "发送WebSocket请求失败！"
        }
        function WebSocketSend() {
            ws.send($("#text").val());
        }
    </script>
</body>

3.发送massage到浏览器

class MassageHandler(BaseWebSoketHandler):
    user = set()

# 写入这三个方法
　　# 登陆时 
    def open(self, *args, **kwargs):
        MassageHandler.user.add(self)
        print(self)
        for i in self.user:
            i.write_message(' ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~')
            i.write_message('欢迎%s进入聊天室... %s先生是尊贵的VIP1000  ❀'%(self.current_user,self.current_user))
            i.write_message( '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~')
        print('-----websocket open------')

　　# 聊天发送消息
    def on_message(self, message):
        for i in self.user:
            i.write_message('%s-%s-说： %s' %(
                self.current_user,
                datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H-%M-%S'),
                message
            ))

　　# 退出登录
    def on_close(self):
        if self in MassageHandler.user:
            MassageHandler.user.remove(self)

application = tornado.web.Application(
    handlers=[
        (r"/login", LoginHandler),
        (r"/", IndexHandler),
        (r"/websocket", MassageHandler),
    ],
    template_path='templates',
    static_path='static',
    login_url='/login',
    cookie_secret='haha',
    pycket={
        'engine': 'redis',   # 连接redis
        'storage': {
            'host': 'localhost',    # 本机
            'port': 6379,       # redis端口
            'db_sessions': 5,   # redis的数据库（0-15个）
            'db_notifications': 11,
            'max_connections': 2 ** 31,
        },
        'cookies': {           # cookie 过期时间
            'expires_days': 30,
            'max_age': 100
        },
    },
    debug=True
)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    tornado.options.parse_command_line()  # 获取命令行的参数 --port=1040 就能使用这个参数
    print(options.port)
    print(options.version)

    http_server = tornado.httpserver.HTTPServer(application)
    application.listen(options.port)
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/tangpg/p/8573440.html