• MySQL基本语句



    1. 1、创建数据库
      1. Create DATABASE database-name
      2、删除数据库
      1. drop database dbname
      3、备份sql server
      1. /* 备份 */
      2. backup database Test to disk='D:/Test.bak'
      3. 3.
      4. /* 还原 */
      5. restore database Test from disk='D:/Test.bak'



    4、创建新表

    create table tabname(col1 type1 [not null] [primary key],col2 type2 [not null],..)

      根据已有的表创建新表:

    Acreate table tab_new like tab_old (使用旧表创建新表)

    Bcreate table tab_new as select col1,col2… from tab_old definition only


    举例:

    1. CREATE TABLE `tb_agent_promotion_buy_day_snapshot` (
    2. `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    3. `record_date` date NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00',
    4. `agent_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
    5. `promotion_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
    6. `parent_agent_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
    7. `player_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
    8. `buy_cards` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
    9. `buy_count` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
    10. `history_buy_cards` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
    11. `history_buy_count` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
    12. `create_time` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
    13. `last_mod_time` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    14. PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
    15. UNIQUE KEY `uk_promotion_player` (`promotion_id`,`player_id`,`record_date`) USING BTREE,
    16. KEY `idx_agent_id` (`agent_id`),
    17. KEY `idx_parent_agent_id` (`parent_agent_id`)
    18. ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ROW_FORMAT=COMPACT;


    5、删除新表

    drop table tabname

    6、增加一个列

    Alter table tabname add column int

      注:列增加后将不能删除。DB2中列加上后数据类型也不能改变,唯一能改变的是增加varchar类型的长度。



    在特定的字段后面增加:alter table newexample add address varchar(110) after stu_id;


    特定字段增加多列: alter table gamesnapshot.tb_agent_promotion_player_snapshot add sale_game_count int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' after sales,

    add month_sale_game_count int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' after month_sales;



    7、添加主键: Alter table tabname add primary key(col)

      删除主键: Alter table tabname drop primary key(col)

    8、创建索引:create [unique] index idxname on tabname(col….)

      删除索引:drop index idxname

      注:索引是不可更改的,想更改必须删除重新建。

    9、创建视图:create view viewname as select statement

      删除视图:drop view viewname

    10、几个简单的基本的sql语句

      选择:select * from table1 where 范围

      插入:insert into table1(field1,field2) values(value1,value2)

      删除:delete from table1 where 范围

      更新:update table1 set field1=value1 where 范围

      查找:select * from table1 where field1 like ’%value1%’ ---like的语法很精妙,查资料!

      排序:select * from table1 order by field1,field2 [desc]

      总数:select count as totalcount from table1

      求和:select sum(field1) as sumvalue from table1

      平均:select avg(field1) as avgvalue from table1

      最大:select max(field1) as maxvalue from table1

      最小:select min(field1) as minvalue from table1

    11、几个高级查询运算词

    A UNION 运算符

    UNION 运算符通过组合其他两个结果表(例如 TABLE1  TABLE2)并消去表中任何重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL  UNION 一起使用时(即 UNION ALL),不消除重复行。两种情况下,派生表的每一行不是来自 TABLE1 就是来自 TABLE2

    B EXCEPT 运算符

    EXCEPT 运算符通过包括所有在 TABLE1 中但不在 TABLE2 中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL  EXCEPT 一起使用时 (EXCEPT ALL),不消除重复行。

    C INTERSECT 运算符

    INTERSECT 运算符通过只包括 TABLE1  TABLE2 中都有的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL  INTERSECT 一起使用时 (INTERSECT ALL),不消除重复行。

      注:使用运算词的几个查询结果行必须是一致的。

    12、使用外连接

    Aleft outer join

      左外连接(左连接):结果集几包括连接表的匹配行,也包括左连接表的所有行。

    SQL: select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c

    Bright outer join:

      右外连接(右连接):结果集既包括连接表的匹配连接行,也包括右连接表的所有行。

    Cfull outer join

      全外连接:不仅包括符号连接表的匹配行,还包括两个连接表中的所有记录。

     

    Dinner join
       

    内联

     

     

    所有外链接:http://www.3lian.com/edu/2013/05-14/69869.html


      二、提升

    1、复制表(只复制结构,源表名:新表名:b) (Access可用)

      法一:select * into b from a where 1<>1

      法二:select top 0 * into b from a

    2、拷贝表(拷贝数据,源表名:目标表名:b) (Access可用)

    insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b;

    3、跨数据库之间表的拷贝(具体数据使用绝对路径) (Access可用)

    insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b in ‘具体数据库’ where 条件

      例子:..from b in ‘"&Server.MapPath("."&"data.mdb" &"‘ where..

    4、子查询(表名1表名2b)

    select a,b,c from a where a IN (select d from b 或者: select a,b,c from a where a IN (1,2,3)

    5、显示文章、提交人和最后回复时间

    select a.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title) b

    6、外连接查询(表名1表名2b)

    select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c

    7、在线视图查询(表名1a

    select * from (Select a,b,c FROM a) T where t.a > 1;

    8between的用法,between限制查询数据范围时包括了边界值,not between不包括

    select * from table1 where time between time1 and time2

    select a,b,c, from table1 where a not between 数值1 and 数值2

    9in 的使用方法

    select * from table1 where a [not] in (‘1’,’2’,’4’,’6’)

    10、两张关联表,删除主表中已经在副表中没有的信息

    delete from table1 where not exists ( select * from table2 where table1.field1=table2.field1

    11、四表联查问题:

    select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where .....

    12、日程安排提前五分钟提醒

    SQL: select * from 日程安排 where datediff(‘minute‘,f开始时间,getdate())>5

    13、一条sql 语句搞定数据库分页

    select top 10 b.* from (select top 20 主键字段,排序字段 from 表名 order by 排序字段 desc) a,表名 b where b.主键字段 = a.主键字段 order by a.排序字段

    14、前10条记录

    select top 10 * form table1 where 范围

    15、选择在每一组b值相同的数据中对应的a最大的记录的所有信息(类似这样的用法可以用于论坛每月排行榜,每月热销产品分析,按科目成绩排名,等等.)

    select a,b,c from tablename ta where a=(select max(a) from tablename tb where tb.b=ta.b)

    16、包括所有在 TableA 中但不在 TableBTableC 中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表

    (select a from tableA except (select a from tableB) except (select a from tableC)

    17、随机取出10条数据

    select top 10 * from tablename order by newid()

    18、随机选择记录

    select newid()

    19、删除重复记录

    Delete from tablename where id not in (select max(id) from tablename group by col1,col2,...)

    20、列出数据库里所有的表名

    select name from sysobjects where type=‘U‘

    21、列出表里的所有的

    select name from syscolumns where id=object_id(‘TableName‘)

    22、列示typevenderpcs字段,以type字段排列,case可以方便地实现多重选择,类似select 中的case

    select type,sum(case vender when ‘A‘ then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when ‘C‘ then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when ‘B‘ then pcs else 0 end) FROM tablename group by type

      显示结果:

    type vender pcs

      电脑 A 1

      电脑 A 1

      光盘 B 2

      光盘 A 2

      手机 B 3

      手机 C 3

    23、初始化表table1

    TRUNCATE TABLE table1

    24、选择从1015的记录

    select top 5 * from (select top 15 * from table order by id asc) table_别名 order by id desc

      三、技巧

    11=11=2的使用,在SQL语句组合时用的较多

    “where 1=1” 是表示选择全部 “where 1=2”全部不选,

      如:

    if @strWhere !=‘

    begin

    set @strSQL = ‘select count(*) as Total from [‘ + @tblName + ‘] where ‘ + @strWhere

    end

    else

    begin

    set @strSQL = ‘select count(*) as Total from [‘ + @tblName + ‘]‘

    end

      我们可以直接写成

    set @strSQL = ‘select count(*) as Total from [‘ + @tblName + ‘] where 1=1 安定 ‘+ @strWhere

    2、收缩数据库

    --重建索引

    DBCC REINDEX

    DBCC INDEXDEFRAG

    --收缩数据和日志

    DBCC SHRINKDB

    DBCC SHRINKFILE

    3、压缩数据库

    dbcc shrinkdatabase(dbname)

    4、转移数据库给新用户以已存在用户权限

    exec sp_change_users_login ‘update_one‘,‘newname‘,‘oldname‘

    go

    5、检查备份集

    RESTORE VERIFYONLY from disk=‘E:dvbbs.bak‘

    6、修复数据库

    Alter DATABASE [dvbbs] SET SINGLE_USER

    GO

    DBCC CHECKDB(‘dvbbs‘,repair_allow_data_loss) WITH TABLOCK

    GO

    Alter DATABASE [dvbbs] SET MULTI_USER

    GO

    7、日志清除

    SET NOCOUNT ON

    DECLARE @LogicalFileName sysname,

    @MaxMinutes INT,

    @NewSize INT

    USE tablename -- 要操作的数据库名

    Select @LogicalFileName = ‘tablename_log‘, -- 日志文件名

    @MaxMinutes = 10, -- Limit on time allowed to wrap log.

    @NewSize = 1 -- 你想设定的日志文件的大小(M)

    -- Setup / initialize

    DECLARE @OriginalSize int

    Select @OriginalSize = size

    FROM sysfiles

    Where name = @LogicalFileName

    Select ‘Original Size of ‘ + db_name() + ‘ LOG is ‘ +

    CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),@OriginalSize) + ‘ 8K pages or ‘ +

    CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(@OriginalSize*8/1024)) + ‘MB‘

    FROM sysfiles

    Where name = @LogicalFileName

    Create TABLE DummyTrans

    (DummyColumn char (8000) not null)

    DECLARE @Counter INT,

    @StartTime DATETIME,

    @TruncLog VARCHAR(255)

    Select @StartTime = GETDATE(),

    @TruncLog = ‘BACKUP LOG ‘ + db_name() + ‘ WITH TRUNCATE_ONLY‘

    DBCC SHRINKFILE (@LogicalFileName, @NewSize)

    EXEC (@TruncLog)

    -- Wrap the log if necessary.

    WHILE @MaxMinutes > DATEDIFF (mi, @StartTime, GETDATE()) -- time has not expired

    AND @OriginalSize = (Select size FROM sysfiles Where name = @LogicalFileName)

    AND (@OriginalSize * 8 /1024) > @NewSize

    BEGIN -- Outer loop.

    Select @Counter = 0

    WHILE ((@Counter < @OriginalSize / 16) AND (@Counter < 50000))

    BEGIN -- update

    Insert DummyTrans VALUES (‘Fill Log‘)

    Delete DummyTrans

    Select @Counter = @Counter + 1

    END

    EXEC (@TruncLog)

    END

    Select ‘Final Size of ‘ + db_name() + ‘ LOG is ‘ +

    CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),size) + ‘ 8K pages or ‘ +

    CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(size*8/1024)) + ‘MB‘

    FROM sysfiles

    Where name = @LogicalFileName

    Drop TABLE DummyTrans

    SET NOCOUNT OFF

    8、更改某个表

    exec sp_changeobjectowner ‘tablename‘,‘dbo‘

    9、存储更改全部表

    Create PROCEDURE dbo.User_ChangeObjectOwnerBatch

    @OldOwner as NVARCHAR(128),

    @NewOwner as NVARCHAR(128)

    AS

    DECLARE @Name as NVARCHAR(128)

    DECLARE @Owner as NVARCHAR(128)

    DECLARE @OwnerName as NVARCHAR(128)

    DECLARE curObject CURSOR FOR

    select ‘Name‘ = name,

    ‘Owner‘ = user_name(uid)

    from sysobjects

    where user_name(uid)=@OldOwner

    order by name

    OPEN curObject

    FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner

    WHILE(@@FETCH_STATUS=0)

    BEGIN

    if @Owner=@OldOwner

    begin

    set @OwnerName = @OldOwner + ‘.‘ + rtrim(@Name)

    exec sp_changeobjectowner @OwnerName, @NewOwner

    end

    -- select @name,@NewOwner,@OldOwner

    FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner

    END

    close curObject

    deallocate curObject

    GO

    10SQL SERVER中直接循环写入数据

    declare @i int

    set @i=1

    while @i<30

    begin

    insert into test (userid) values(@i)

    set @i=@i+1

    end


    MYSQL整体备份:



    11、使用procedure analyse()分析mysql给出的关于表结构的优化建议

    ag:select player_id from tb_access_log procedure analyse()





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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/tangbinghaochi/p/6292948.html
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