• Ansible基本介绍


    一、基础知识:

    1. 简介

            ansible基于python开发,集合了众多运维工具的优点,实现了批量系统配置、批量程序部署、批量运行命令等功能。ansible是基于模块工作的,本身没有批量部署的能力。
            真正具有批量部署的是ansible运行的模块,ansible只是一个框架

            (1) 连接插件connection plugins: 负责和被监控端实现通信;
            (2) host inventory: 指定操作的主机,是一个配置文件里面定义监控的主机
            (3) 各种模块核心模块、command模块、自定义模块;
            (4) 借助于插件完成记录日志邮件等功能;
            (5) playbook: 剧本执行多个任务时,非必须可以让节点一次性运行多个任务。

    2、特性:
            (1) no agents: 不需要在被管理主机上安装任务agent
            (2) no server: 无服务器端,使用时,直接运行命令即可
            (3) modules in any languages: 基于模块工作,可使用任意语言开发模块
            (4) yaml not code:使用yaml语言定制剧本playbook
            (5) ssh by default:基于SSH工作
            (6) strong multi-tier solution: 可实现多级指挥

     3、优点:
            (1) 轻量级,无需在客户端安装agent,更新时,只需要在操作机上进行一次更新即可;
            (2) 批量任务可以写成脚本,而且不用分发到远程就可以执行
            (3) 使用python编写,维护简单
            (4) 支持sudo

    二、ansible安装

        1.1 rpm包安装
            epel源:

    [epel]
                name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch
                baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch
                #mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearch
                failovermethod=priority
                enabled=1
                gpgcheck=0
                gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
    
                [epel-debuginfo]
                name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch - Debug
                baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch/debug
                #mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-debug-6&arch=$basearch
                failovermethod=priority
                enabled=0
                gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
                gpgcheck=0
    
                [epel-source]
                name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch - Source
                baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/SRPMS
                #mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-source-6&arch=$basearch
                failovermethod=priority
                enabled=0
                gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
                gpgcheck=0
    
            [root@localhost ~]# yum install ansible -y

    三、常用模块介绍

        copy模块
            目的:把主控本地文件拷贝到远程节点上

    [root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.118.14 -m copy -a "src=/root/bigfile dest=/tmp"
            192.168.118.14 | SUCCESS => {
                "changed": true, 
                "checksum": "8c206a1a87599f532ce68675536f0b1546900d7a", 
                "dest": "/tmp/bigfile", 
                "gid": 0, 
                "group": "root", 
                "md5sum": "f1c9645dbc14efddc7d8a322685f26eb", 
                "mode": "0644", 
                "owner": "root", 
                "size": 10485760, 
                "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1467946691.02-193284383894106/source", 
                "state": "file", 
                "uid": 0
            }

     file模块
            目的:更改指定节点上文件的权限、属主和属组

     [root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.118.14 -m file -a "dest=/tmp/bigfile mode=777 owner=root group=root"
                192.168.118.14 | SUCCESS => {
                    "changed": true, 
                    "gid": 0, 
                    "group": "root", 
                    "mode": "0777", 
                    "owner": "root", 
                    "path": "/tmp/bigfile", 
                    "size": 10485760, 
                    "state": "file", 
                    "uid": 0
                }

        cron模块
            目的:在指定节点上定义一个计划任务,每三分钟执行一次。

     [root@localhost ~]# ansible all -m cron -a 'name="Cron job" minute=*/3 hour=* day=* month=* weekday=* job="/usr/bin/ntpdate tiger.sina.com.cn"'
                192.168.118.14 | SUCCESS => {
                    "changed": true, 
                    "envs": [], 
                    "jobs": [
                        "Cron job"
                    ]
                }
                192.168.118.13 | SUCCESS => {
                    "changed": true, 
                    "envs": [], 
                    "jobs": [
                        "Cron job"
                    ]
                } 

        group模块
            目的:在远程节点上创建一个组名为ansible,gid为2016的组

     [root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.118.14 -m group -a "name=ansible gid=2016"
                192.168.118.14 | SUCCESS => {
                    "changed": true, 
                    "gid": 2016, 
                    "name": "ansible", 
                    "state": "present", 
                    "system": false
                }

        user模块
            目的:在指定节点上创建一个用户名为ansible,组为ansible的用户

    [root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.118.14 -m user -a "name=ansible uid=2016 group=ansible state=present"
                192.168.118.14 | SUCCESS => {
                    "changed": true, 
                    "comment": "", 
                    "createhome": true, 
                    "group": 2016, 
                    "home": "/home/ansible", 
                    "name": "ansible", 
                    "shell": "/bin/bash", 
                    "state": "present", 
                    "system": false, 
                    "uid": 2016
                }

            删除远端节点用户,注意:删除远程用户,但是不会删除该用户的家目录

     [root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.118.14 -m user -a "name=ansible state=absent"
                192.168.118.14 | SUCCESS => {
                    "changed": true, 
                    "force": false, 
                    "name": "ansible", 
                    "remove": false, 
                    "state": "absent"
                }    

        yum 模块
            目的:在远程节点安装vsftpd

      [root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.118.14 -m yum -a 'name=vsftpd state=present'
                192.168.118.14 | SUCCESS => {
                    "changed": true, 
                    "msg": "", 
                    "rc": 0, 
                    "results": [
                        "Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
    Setting up Install Process
    Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
    Resolving Dependencies
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package vsftpd.x86_64 0:2.2.2-14.el6 will be installed
    --> Finished Dependency Resolution
    
    Dependencies Resolved
    
    ================================================================================
     Package          Arch             Version                  Repository     Size
    ================================================================================
    Installing:
     vsftpd           x86_64           2.2.2-14.el6             yum           152 k
    
    Transaction Summary
    ================================================================================
    Install       1 Package(s)
    
    Total download size: 152 k
    Installed size: 332 k
    Downloading Packages:
    Running rpm_check_debug
    Running Transaction Test
    Transaction Test Succeeded
    Running Transaction
    
      Installing : vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64                                   1/1 
    
      Verifying  : vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64                                   1/1 
    
    Installed:
      vsftpd.x86_64 0:2.2.2-14.el6                                                  
    
    Complete!
    "
                    ]
                }

            卸载写法:

      [root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.118.14 -m yum -a 'name=vsftpd state=removed'
                192.168.118.14 | SUCCESS => {
                    "changed": true, 
                    "msg": "", 
                    "rc": 0, 
                    "results": [
                        "Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
    Setting up Remove Process
    Resolving Dependencies
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package vsftpd.x86_64 0:2.2.2-14.el6 will be erased
    --> Finished Dependency Resolution
    
    Dependencies Resolved
    
    ================================================================================
     Package          Arch             Version                 Repository      Size
    ================================================================================
    Removing:
     vsftpd           x86_64           2.2.2-14.el6            @yum           332 k
    
    Transaction Summary
    ================================================================================
    Remove        1 Package(s)
    
    Installed size: 332 k
    Downloading Packages:
    Running rpm_check_debug
    Running Transaction Test
    Transaction Test Succeeded
    Running Transaction
    
      Erasing    : vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64                                   1/1 
    
      Verifying  : vsftpd-2.2.2-14.el6.x86_64                                   1/1 
    
    Removed:
      vsftpd.x86_64 0:2.2.2-14.el6                                                  
    
    Complete!
    "
                    ]
                }

        service模块

        启动
                [root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.118.14 -m service -a 'name=vsftpd state=started enabled=yes'
                192.168.118.14 | SUCCESS => {
                    "changed": true, 
                    "enabled": true, 
                    "name": "vsftpd", 
                    "state": "started"
                }                
            停止
                [root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.118.14 -m service -a 'name=vsftpd state=stopped enabled=yes'
                192.168.118.14 | SUCCESS => {
                    "changed": true, 
                    "enabled": true, 
                    "name": "vsftpd", 
                    "state": "stopped"
                }    

        ping模块

                [root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.118.14 -m ping
                192.168.118.14 | SUCCESS => {
                    "changed": false, 
                    "ping": "pong"
                }

        command模块

                [root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.118.14 [-m command] -a 'w'    # -m command可以省略就表示使用命名模块
                192.168.118.14 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
                 14:00:32 up  3:51,  2 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
                USER     TTY      FROM              LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
                root     pts/0    192.168.118.69   18:09    3:29   0.12s  0.12s -bash
                root     pts/1    192.168.118.13   14:00    0.00s  0.04s  0.00s /bin/sh -c LANG

        raw模块

            主要的用途是在command中添加管道符号

                [root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.118.14 -m raw -a 'hostname | tee'
                192.168.118.14 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
                localhost.localdomain

        get_url模块

            目的:将http://192.168.118.14/1.png 下载到本地

    [root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.118.14 -m get_url -a 'url=http://192.168.118.14/1.png dest=/tmp'
                192.168.118.14 | SUCCESS => {
                    "changed": true, 
                    "checksum_dest": null, 
                    "checksum_src": "ba5cb18463ecfa13cdc0b611c9c10875275d883e", 
                    "dest": "/tmp/1.png", 
                    "gid": 0, 
                    "group": "root", 
                    "md5sum": "8c0df0b008eb5735dc955171d6d9dd73", 
                    "mode": "0644", 
                    "msg": "OK (14987 bytes)", 
                    "owner": "root", 
                    "size": 14987, 
                    "src": "/tmp/tmpY2lqHF", 
                    "state": "file", 
                    "uid": 0, 
                    "url": "http://192.168.118.14/1.png"
                }    

        synchronize模块

            目的:将主空方目录推送到指定节点/tmp目录下

    [root@localhost ~]# ansible 192.168.118.14 -m synchronize -a 'src=/root/test dest=/tmp/ compress=yes'
                192.168.118.14 | SUCCESS => {
                    "changed": true, 
                    "cmd": "/usr/bin/rsync --delay-updates -F --compress --archive --rsh 'ssh  -S none -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no' --out-format='<<CHANGED>>%i %n%L' "/root/test" "192.168.118.14:/tmp/"", 
                    "msg": ".d..t...... test/
    <f+++++++++ test/abc
    ", 
                    "rc": 0, 
                    "stdout_lines": [
                        ".d..t...... test/", 
                        "<f+++++++++ test/abc"
                    ]
                }

    转载来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/hukey/p/5660538.html

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/taich-flute/p/ansible.html
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