• LINQ to SQL语句(4)之Join


    1.一对多关系(1 to Many):

    var q =

      from c in db.Customers

      from o in c.Orders

       where c.City == "London"

      select o;

    语句描述:Customers与Orders是一对多关系。即Orders在Customers类中以 EntitySet形式出现。所以第二个from是从c.Orders而不是db.Orders里进行筛选 。这个例子在From子句中使用外键导航选择伦敦客户的所有订单。

    var q =

      from p in db.Products

      where p.Supplier.Country == "USA" && p.UnitsInStock == 0

      select p;

    语句描述:这一句使用了 p.Supplier.Country条件,间接关联了Supplier表。这个例子在Where子句中使 用外键导航筛选其供应商在美国且缺货的产品。生成SQL语句为:

    SELECT [t0].[ProductID], [t0].[ProductName], [t0]. [SupplierID],

    [t0].[CategoryID],[t0].[QuantityPerUnit],[t0]. [UnitPrice],

    [t0].[UnitsInStock], [t0].[UnitsOnOrder],[t0]. [ReorderLevel],

    [t0].[Discontinued] FROM [dbo].[Products] AS [t0]

    LEFT OUTER JOIN [dbo].[Suppliers] AS [t1] ON

    [t1]. [SupplierID] = [t0].[SupplierID]

    WHERE ([t1].[Country] = @p0) AND ([t0].[UnitsInStock] = @p1)

    -- @p0: Input NVarChar (Size = 3; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [USA]

    -- @p1: Input Int (Size = 0; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [0]

    2.多对多关系(Many to Many):

    var q =

      from e in db.Employees

      from et in e.EmployeeTerritories

      where e.City == "Seattle"

      select new

      {

        e.FirstName,

         e.LastName,

        et.Territory.TerritoryDescription

       };

    说明:多对多关系一般会涉及三个表(如果有一个表是自关 联的,那有可能只有2个表)。这一句语句涉及Employees, EmployeeTerritories, Territories三个表。它们的关系是1:M:1。Employees 和Territories没有很明确的关系。

    语句描述:这个例子在From子句中使 用外键导航筛选在西雅图的雇员,同时列出其所在地区。这条生成SQL语句为:

    SELECT [t0].[FirstName], [t0].[LastName], [t2]. [TerritoryDescription]

    FROM [dbo].[Employees] AS [t0] CROSS JOIN [dbo].[EmployeeTerritories]

    AS [t1] INNER JOIN [dbo]. [Territories] AS [t2] ON

    [t2].[TerritoryID] = [t1].[TerritoryID]

    WHERE ([t0].[City] = @p0) AND ([t1].[EmployeeID] = [t0]. [EmployeeID])

    -- @p0: Input NVarChar (Size = 7; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [Seattle]

    3.自联接关系:

    var q =

      from e1 in db.Employees

      from e2 in e1.Employees

      where e1.City == e2.City

      select new {

        FirstName1 = e1.FirstName, LastName1 = e1.LastName,

        FirstName2 = e2.FirstName, LastName2 = e2.LastName,

        e1.City

       };

    语句描述:这个例子在select 子句中使用外键导航筛选成 对的雇员,每对中一个雇员隶属于另一个雇员,且两个雇员都来自相同城市。生 成SQL语句为:

    SELECT [t0].[FirstName] AS [FirstName1], [t0].[LastName] AS

    [LastName1],[t1].[FirstName] AS [FirstName2], [t1].[LastName] AS

    [LastName2],[t0].[City] FROM [dbo].[Employees] AS [t0],

    [dbo].[Employees] AS [t1] WHERE ([t0].[City] = [t1]. [City]) AND

    ([t1].[ReportsTo] = [t0].[EmployeeID])

    GroupJoin

    像上面所说的,没有join和into,被翻译成 SelectMany,同时有join和into时,那么就被翻译为GroupJoin。在这里into的 概念是对其结果进行重新命名。

    1.双向联接(Two way join):

    此 示例显式联接两个表并从这两个表投影出结果:

    var q =

       from c in db.Customers

      join o in db.Orders on c.CustomerID

      equals o.CustomerID into orders

      select new

       {

        c.ContactName,

        OrderCount = orders.Count ()

      };

    说明:在一对多关系中,左边是1,它每条记录 为c(from c in db.Customers),右边是Many,其每条记录叫做o ( join o in db.Orders ),每对应左边的一个c,就会有一组o,那这一组o,就叫做orders, 也就是说,我们把一组o命名为orders,这就是into用途。这也就是为什么在 select语句中,orders可以调用聚合函数Count。在T-SQL中,使用其内嵌的T- SQL返回值作为字段值。如图所示:

    生成SQL语句为:

    SELECT [t0].[ContactName], (

      SELECT COUNT(*)

      FROM [dbo].[Orders] AS [t1]

       WHERE [t0].[CustomerID] = [t1].[CustomerID]

    ) AS [OrderCount]

    FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t0]

    2.三向联接(There way join):

    此示例显式联接三个表并分别从每个表投影出结果:

    var q =

      from c in db.Customers

      join o in db.Orders on c.CustomerID

      equals o.CustomerID into ords

      join e in db.Employees on c.City

      equals e.City into emps

      select new

      {

        c.ContactName,

        ords = ords.Count(),

        emps = emps.Count()

       };

    生成SQL语句为:

    SELECT [t0]. [ContactName], (

      SELECT COUNT(*)

      FROM [dbo].[Orders] AS [t1]

      WHERE [t0].[CustomerID] = [t1].[CustomerID]

    ) AS [ords], (

    SELECT COUNT(*)

      FROM [dbo].[Employees] AS [t2]

      WHERE [t0].[City] = [t2].[City]

    ) AS [emps]

    FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t0]

    3.左外部联接(Left Outer Join):

    此示例说明如何通过使用 此示例说明如何通过使用 DefaultIfEmpty() 获取左外部联接。在雇员没有订单时,DefaultIfEmpty()方 法返回null:

    var q =

      from e in db.Employees

       join o in db.Orders on e equals o.Employee into ords

      from o in ords.DefaultIfEmpty()

      select new

      {

         e.FirstName,

        e.LastName,

        Order = o

       };

    说明:以Employees左表,Orders右表,Orders 表中为空时, 用null值填充。Join的结果重命名ords,使用DefaultIfEmpty()函数对其再次查 询。其最后的结果中有个Order,因为from o in ords.DefaultIfEmpty() 是对 ords组再一次遍历,所以,最后结果中的Order并不是一个集合。但是,如果没 有from o in ords.DefaultIfEmpty() 这句,最后的select语句写成select new { e.FirstName, e.LastName, Order = ords }的话,那么Order就是一个集合。

    4.投影的Let赋值(Projected let assignment):

    说明:let语句 是重命名。let位于第一个from和select语句之间。

    这个例子从联接投影 出最终“Let”表达式:

    var q =

      from c in db.Customers

      join o in db.Orders on c.CustomerID

       equals o.CustomerID into ords

      let z = c.City + c.Country

      from o in ords

      select new

      {

         c.ContactName,

        o.OrderID,

        z

       };

    5.组合键(Composite Key):

    这个例子显示带有组合 键的联接:

    var q =

      from o in db.Orders

      from p in db.Products

      join d in db.OrderDetails

        on new

        {

          o.OrderID,

           p.ProductID

        } equals

          new

           {

            d.OrderID,

             d.ProductID

          }

        into details

      from d in details

      select new

      {

        o.OrderID,

        p.ProductID,

        d.UnitPrice

       };

    说明:使用三个表,并且用匿名类来说明:使用三个表,并 且用匿名类来表示它们之间的关系。它们之间的关系不能用一个键描述清楚,所 以用匿名类,来表示组合键。还有一种是两个表之间是用组合键表示关系的,不 需要使用匿名类。

    6.可为null/不可为null的键关系 (Nullable/Nonnullable Key Relationship):

    这个实例显示如何构造一 侧可为 null 而另一侧不可为 null 的联接:

    var q =

       from o in db.Orders

      join e in db.Employees

        on o.EmployeeID equals

        (int?)e.EmployeeID into emps

       from e in emps

      select new

      {

         o.OrderID,

        e.FirstName

      };

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/syyjay/p/3794473.html
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