Anaconda官网：https://www.continuum.io/
Anaconda 提供一个管理工具 conda ，可以把 conda 看作是 pip + virtualenv +PVM (Python Version Manager) + 一些必要的底层库，也就是一个更完整也更大的集成管理工具。
1. 下载、安装 Anaconda
如果只想用 conda ，可以下载简化版的 Miniconda ，需要 Anaconda 可以安装完全版，一共大概 400 M，用阿里云服务器从官方网站下载大概要 6 个小时…不过还好清华大学 TUNA 镜像源 提供了镜像：
# 下载时要看清楚 Anaconda3 还是 2，对应的是 Python 3.5 和 2.7
wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/Anaconda3-2.5.0-Linux-x86_64.sh
bash Anaconda3-2.5.0-Linux-x86_64.sh
设定安装目录 /home/rainy/.anaconda3 并一路确认，会在 ~/.bashrc 添加环境变量，因为我用的是 zsh ，所以需要在 ~/.zshrc 添加：
# added by Anaconda3 2.5.0 installer
export PATH="/home/rainy/.anaconda3/bin:$PATH"
conda --version
# conda 3.19.1
2. 创建（clone）新的环境
conda env list
# conda environments:
#
root * /home/rainy/.anaconda3
conda create --name nb --clone root
conda env list
# conda environments:
#
nb /home/rainy/.anaconda3/envs/nb
root * /home/rainy/.anaconda3
切换环境：
source activate nb
# discarding /home/rainy/.anaconda3/bin from PATH
# prepending /home/rainy/.anaconda3/envs/nb/bin to PATH
此时变成 (nb) $ ，和 virtualenv 一样，只是在退出时不太一样：
which python
/home/rainy/.anaconda3/envs/nb/bin/python
source deactivate
discarding /home/rainy/.anaconda3/envs/nb/bin from PATH
需要重新打开新的窗口才能再切换。现在查看已安装的 package 列表：
source active nb
conda list
# packages in environment at /home/rainy/.anaconda3/envs/nb:
#
abstract-rendering 0.5.1 np110py35_0
alabaster 0.7.7 py35_0
anaconda 2.5.0 np110py35_0
anaconda-client 1.2.2 py35_0
argcomplete 1.0.0 py35_1
astropy 1.1.1 np110py35_0
...
3. 下载安装package
Anaconda作为一个工具包集成管理工具，下载python工具包是很方便的，直接敲：
conda install package_name但是有时候安装一个工具包（如xmltodict）的时候，在当前的channels中找不到这个包，会提示：
[root@master sbin]$ conda install xmltodict
Fetching package metadata .......
Solving package specifications: .
PackageNotFoundError: Package not found: '' Package missing in current linux-64 channels:
- xmltodict
You can search for packages on anaconda.org with
anaconda search -t conda xmltodict然后你按照提示在anaconda.org中找工具包，
[root@master sbin]$ anaconda search -t conda xmltodict
Using Anaconda API: https://api.anaconda.org
Run 'anaconda show <USER/PACKAGE>' to get more details:
Packages:
Name | Version | Package Types | Platforms
------------------------- | ------ | --------------- | ---------------
PinguCarsti/xmltodict | 0.8.3 | conda | linux-64, osx-64
abgreenwell/xmltodict | 0.8.3 | conda | win-64
asmeurer/xmltodict | 0.8.3 | conda | osx-64
: https://github.com/martinblech/xmltodict
auto/xmltodict | 0.8.6 | conda | linux-64, linux-32, osx-64
: https://github.com/martinblech/xmltodict
bioconda/xmltodict | 0.9.2 | conda | linux-64, osx-64
: Makes working with XML feel like you are working with JSON
conda-forge/xmltodict | 0.10.2 | conda | linux-64, win-32, win-64, osx-64
dan_blanchard/xmltodict | 0.8.3 | conda | linux-64
: https://github.com/martinblech/xmltodict
davidbgonzalez/xmltodict | 0.9.2 | conda | linux-64, osx-64
: Makes working with XML feel like you are working with JSON
derickl/xmltodict | 0.10.2 | conda | osx-64
dimazest/xmltodict | 0.9.2 | conda | linux-64, osx-64
equipoise/xmltodict | 0.9.2 | conda | win-64, osx-64
hargup/xmltodict | | conda | None-None, linux-64
: Makes working with XML feel like you are working with JSON
indico/xmltodict | 0.9.2 | conda | linux-64
: Makes working with XML feel like you are working with JSON
jacksongs/xmltodict | 0.10.2 | conda | osx-64
kabaka0/xmltodict | 0.9.2 | conda | linux-64
: Makes working with XML feel like you are working with JSON
luzazul45/xmltodict | 0.9.2 | conda | win-64
: Makes working with XML feel like you are working with JSON
mathieu/xmltodict | 0.10.1 | conda | osx-64
: Makes working with XML feel like you are working with JSON
mh00h/xmltodict | 0.9.2 | conda | linux-64
: Makes working with XML feel like you are working with JSON
moustik/xmltodict | 0.9.2 | conda | linux-64
russellthomas/xmltodict | 0.9.0 | conda | osx-64
: xmltodict is a simple library that aims at making XML feel like working with JSON
xavier/xmltodict | 0.5.1 | conda | linux-64
: https://github.com/martinblech/xmltodict
Found 21 packages我们发现了21个包，现在就选择一个合适的版本进行安装，如我选择这个：
conda-forge/xmltodict | 0.10.2 | conda | linux-64, win-32, win-64, osx-64那么执行下面命令进行安装即可：
[root@master ~]$ conda install -c https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge xmltodict
或者
conda install -c conda-forge xmltodict
详情参照：http://www.jianshu.com/p/d2e15200ee9b