• CentOS7安装nginx


    一. gcc 安装
    安装 nginx 需要先将官网下载的源码进行编译,编译依赖 gcc 环境,如果没有 gcc 环境,则需要安装:

    yum install gcc-c++

    二. PCRE pcre-devel 安装
    PCRE(Perl Compatible Regular Expressions) 是一个Perl库,包括 perl 兼容的正则表达式库。nginx 的 http 模块使用 pcre 来解析正则表达式,所以需要在 linux 上安装 pcre 库,pcre-devel 是使用 pcre 开发的一个二次开发库。nginx也需要此库。命令:

    yum install -y pcre pcre-devel

    三. zlib 安装
    zlib 库提供了很多种压缩和解压缩的方式, nginx 使用 zlib 对 http 包的内容进行 gzip ,所以需要在 Centos 上安装 zlib 库。

    yum install -y zlib zlib-devel

    四. OpenSSL 安装
    OpenSSL 是一个强大的安全套接字层密码库,囊括主要的密码算法、常用的密钥和证书封装管理功能及 SSL 协议,并提供丰富的应用程序供测试或其它目的使用。
    nginx 不仅支持 http 协议,还支持 https(即在ssl协议上传输http),所以需要在 Centos 安装 OpenSSL 库。

    yum install -y openssl openssl-devel

    官网下载

    1.直接下载.tar.gz安装包,地址:https://nginx.org/en/download.html

    或者使用wget命令下载(推荐)。

    wget -c https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.10.1.tar.gz

    解压

    依然是直接命令:

    tar -zxvf nginx-1.10.1.tar.gz
    cd nginx-1.10.1

    配置

    其实在 nginx-1.10.1 版本中你就不需要去配置相关东西,默认就可以了。当然,如果你要自己配置目录也是可以的。
    1.使用默认配置

    ./configure

    2.自定义配置(不推荐)

    ./configure 
    --prefix=/usr/local/nginx 
    --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 
    --pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.pid 
    --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock 
    --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log 
    --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log 
    --with-http_gzip_static_module 
    --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/client 
    --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/proxy 
    --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/fastcgi 
    --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/uwsgi 
    --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/scgi
    注:将临时文件目录指定为/var/temp/nginx,需要在/var下创建temp及nginx目录

    编译安装

    make
    make install

    查找安装路径:

    whereis nginx

    启动、停止nginx

    cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
    ./nginx 
    ./nginx -s stop
    ./nginx -s quit
    ./nginx -s reload
    ./nginx -s quit:此方式停止步骤是待nginx进程处理任务完毕进行停止。
    ./nginx -s stop:此方式相当于先查出nginx进程id再使用kill命令强制杀掉进程。

    查询nginx进程:

    ps aux|grep nginx

    重启 nginx

    1.先停止再启动(推荐):
    对 nginx 进行重启相当于先停止再启动,即先执行停止命令再执行启动命令。如下:

    ./nginx -s quit
    ./nginx

    2.重新加载配置文件:
    当 ngin x的配置文件 nginx.conf 修改后,要想让配置生效需要重启 nginx,使用-s reload不用先停止 ngin x再启动 nginx 即可将配置信息在 nginx 中生效,如下:

    ./nginx -s reload

    3、强制关闭:

    pkill nginx

    到这里,nginx就安装完毕了,启动、停止、重启操作也都完成了。

    用rpm命令安装pcre报错:

    缺少C++编译环境:

    1、安装g++:

          (1)下载gcc-c++rpm包

                    rpm -ivh gcc-c++

                    缺少:libstdc++-4.8.5-16.el7_4.2.x86_64.rpm和libstdc++-devl-4.8.5-16.el7_4.2.x86_64.rpm

            (2)下载libstdc++-4.8.5-16.el7_4.2.x86_64.rpm和libstdc++-devl-4.8.5-16.el7_4.2.x86_64.rpm

        rpm -ivh libstdc++-4.8.5-16.el7_4.2.x86_64.rpm报错:文件冲突

                   解决办法:rpm -ivh --force --nodeps libstdc++-4.8.5-16.el7_4.2.x86_64.rpm

            (3)安装libstdc++-devl

     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    nginx配置参数:

    理解configure脚本的参数
     

    Nginx Users and Groups:

    命令参数
    描述
    --user=USER
    指定Nginx运行的用户
    --group=GROUP
    指定Nginx运行的组

    Nginx 配置目录设置:

    命令参数
    描述
    --prefix=PATH
    Nginx服务器路径,除配置和库以外的所有文件。默认路径是/usr/local/nginx,而基于软件包管理器的安装使用/etc/nginx目录。
     
    --sbin-path=PATH
     
    Nginx可执行文件路径,这个路径托管nginx可执行文件。
     
    默认路径是/usr/local /nginx/sbin/nginx,而基于软件包管理器的安装使用/usr/sbin /nginx目录。
     
    --conf-path=PATH
    Nginx配置路径,这个路径将主机nginx.conf,mime.type和其他各种配置文件。
     
    默认情况下,该文件位于/usr /local/nginx/conf /中,软件包管理器安装将文件托管在/ etc/nginx/中。
     
    --pid-path=PATH
    Nginx进程nginx.pid文件,这个文件将存储Nginx进程的进程ID。
     
    默认情况下,该文件位于/usr/local/nginx/logs/,软件包管理器安装的使用路径是/var/run/。
     
    --lock-path=PATH
     
    Nginx锁定文件nginx.lock文件,该文件包含特定进程已经使用的资源的锁定信息。
     
    默认情况下,该文件位于/usr/local/nginx/logs,软件包管理器使用路径/var /run/。
     
     

    Nginx日志目录选项:

    命令参数
    描述
    --error-log-path=PATH
    Nginx服务器错误日志路径,该文件将包含将包含错误,警告和诊断错误输出的文件名。默认目录:/usr/loacl/nginx/logs/error.log。
    --http-log-path=PATH
    Nginx服务器访问日志路径,该文件将包含Nginx托管网站的HTTP请求日志详细信息。默认情况下,HTTP访问和错误日志文件目录是/usr /local /nginx /logs/,软件包管理器在/var/log /nginx/上安装日志文件。
     
    --http-client-body-temp-path=PATH
    HTTP请求的临时文件位置。 它拥有客户端请求的报文体。
     
    --http-fastcgi-temp-path=PATH
    HTTP FastCGI,uWSGI,SCGI应用程序的临时文件位置。 该位置存储从FastCGI,uWSGI和SCGI服务器接收到的数据的临时文件。
     
    默认情况下,临时路径文件夹在/usr/ local / nginx / logs /下创建,软件包管理器配置/ var / cache / nginx /目录。
     
    --http-uwsgi-temp-path=PATH
    --http-scgi-temp-path=PATH
     
     

    安装Nginx时可以启用的所有http模块:

    Command Parameter
    Description
    --with-http_ssl_module
    This module provides support for HTTPS websites; this module requires OpenSSL to be enabled.
    --with-http_realip_module
    This module is used to get the real IP address of the client that is specified in the HTTP header.
    --with-http_addition_module
    This module is a filter module that is used to add text before and after a response.
    --with-http_sub_module
    This module is a substitution filter, and it is used to replace one specified string by another.
    --with-http_dav_module
    This module is used to enable WebDAV feature for file management using PUT, DELETE, MKCOL, COPY, and MOVE methods.
    --with-http_flv_module
    This module enables pseudo-streaming functionality for flash video file.
    --with-http_mp4_module
    This module enables pseudo-streaming functionality for .mp4, .m4v, or .m4a files.
    --with-http_gunzip_module
    This module is used to decompress content for clients that do not a support gzip encoding method.
    --with-http_gzip_static_module
    This module allows sending precompressed files with the .gz filename extension.
    --with-http_random_index_module
    This module picks a random file in a directory to serve as an index file.
    --with-http_secure_link_module
    This module is used to authenticate the requested link using the hash to protect resource from unauthorized access.
    --with-http_stub_status_module
    This module provides access to basic status information.
    --with-http_auth_request_module
    This module implements client authorization based on response code.
    --with-http_spdy_module
    This module provides support for Googles SPDY protocol. This is now a deprecated and is replaced by the newer HTTP/2 module.
    --with-http_xslt_module
    This is a filter module that transforms XML responses using XSLT stylesheets.
    --with-http_image_filter_module
    This is a filter module that is used to process JPEG, GIF and PNG images.
    --with-http_geoip_module
    This module is used for geo-targeting, it looks for client IP and compares it with the precompiled MaxMind database.
    --with-http_degradation_module
    This module is used to serve a particular error message when the server faces a low memory issue.
     
    禁用Nginx默认情况下启用模块:
     
    Command Parameter
    Description
    --without-http_charset_module
    Disables re-encoding Charset to another.
    --without-http_gzip_module
    Disables gzip compression module.
    --without-http_ssi_module
    Disable Server Side Include module.
    --without-http_userid_module
    Disables cookie-based client identification .
    --without-http_access_module
    Disables client IP address based access filtering.
    --without-http_auth_basic_module
    Disables HTTP Basic Authentication module that is used to validate user access.
    --without-http_autoindex_module
    Disables directory listing of the website.
    --without-http_geo_module
    Disables geo-module allowing you to define variables with values depending on the client IP address.
    --without-http_map_module
    Disables map module that is used to define map blocks.
    --without-http_split_clients_module
    Disables split testing module.
    --without-http_referer_module
    Disables blocking access to sites for requests with invalid “Referer” header.
    --without-http_rewrite_module
    Disables HTTP rewrite module.
    --without-http_proxy_module
    Disables HTTP proxy module used to redirect to another server.
    --without-http_fastcgi_module
    Disables FastCGI module.
    --without-http_uwsgi_module
    Disables uWSGI module.
    --without-http_scgi_module
    Disables SCGI module.
    --without-http_memcached_module
    Disables memcached module that is used to obtain responses from memcached server.
    --without-http_limit_conn_module
    Disables connection limit set as per the defined key rule.
    --without-http_limit_req_module
    Disables request processing limit set as per the defined key.
    --without-http_empty_gif_module
    Disables transferring single pixel transparent gif.
    --without-http_browser_module
    Disables identifying User Agent from request header field.
    --without-http_upstream_hash_module
    Disables HTTP load balancing method for server group where the client-server mapping is based on the hashed key value.
    --without-http_upstream_ip_hash_module
    Disables HTTP load balancing where requests are distributed across group of servers based on client IP address.
    --without-http_upstream_least_conn_module
    Disables HTTP load balancing where a request is passed to the server with the least number of active connections.
    --without-http_upstream_keepalive_module
    Disables cache for connections to upstream servers.
    --without-mail_pop3_module
    Disables POP3 module for mail server proxy.
    --without-mail_imap_module
    Disables IMAP module for mail server proxy.
    --without-mail_smtp_module
    Disabled SMTP module for mail server proxy .

    优化模块,Nginx可用的不同优化参数:

    Command Parameter
    Description
    --with-cc=PATH
    Used to specify alternate location for C compiler.
    --with-cpp=PATH
    Used to specify alternate location for C preprocessor.
    --with-cc-opt=OPTIONS
    Used to add parameters that will be added to the CFLAGS variable.
    --with-ld-opt=OPTIONS
    Used to define additional parameters that will be used during linking.
    --with-cpu-opt=CPU
    Used to specify different processor architecture.

    MD5 选项

    Command Parameter
    Description
    --with-md5=DIR
    Specifies the path to md5 library sources.
    --with-md5-opt=OPTIONS
    Used to specify additional build options for md5.
    --with-md5-asm
    Uses md5 assembler sources.

    SHA1选项

    Command Parameter
    Description
    --with-sha1=DIR
    Specifies the path to sha1 library sources.
    --with-sha1-opt=OPTIONS
    Used to specify additional build options for sha1.
    --with-sha1-asm
    Uses sha1 assembler sources .

    zlib选项

    Command Parameter
    Description
    --with-zlib=DIR
    Specifies path of the zlib libraries, used when using specific version of zlib libraries.
    --with-zlib-opt=OPTIONS
    Used to specify additional build options for zlib.
    --with-zlib-asm=CPU
    Uses zlib assembler sources that are optimized for Pentium or Pentiumpro CPU architecture.

    OpenSSL选项

    Command Parameter
    Description
    --with-openssl=DIR
    Specifies path of the OpenSSL libraries, used when using specific version of OpenSSL libraries.
    --with-openssl-opt=OPTIONS
    Used to specify additional build options for OpenSSL.

    Libatomic选项

    Command Parameter
    Description
    --with-libatomic
    Forces libatomic libraries.
    --with-libatomic=DIR
    Specifies path of the libatomic libraries, used when using specific version of libatomic libraries .

    Other 选项

    Command Parameter
    Description
    --without-http
    Disables HTTP server.
    --without-http-cache
    Disables HTTP cache.
    --with-threads
    Enables thread pool support.
    --with-file-aio
    Enables support for asynchronous disk IO operations.
    --with-ipv6
    Enables ipv6 support.
    --build=NAME
    Sets the build name.
    --builddir=DIR
    Sets the build location.
    --add-module=PATH
    Used to add third-party modules during compiling Nginx. You will specify the path of the module in this parameter.
    --with-debug
    Enables debug logging.

    3.安装前配置:

    ./configure 后面加上述你想要的参数,如果什么都加就是全部默认。

    唯有热爱方能抵御岁月漫长。
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/syq816/p/8573744.html
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