练习: 学习XMLHttpRequest (即XHR )相关知识,开发一个简单的 ajax 插件,用于异步获取服务端数据。
此插件代码如下:(已测试可正常使用)
const install=function(Vue,opotions={}){ const ajax=new Vue({ data(){ return{ options:null, data:'', type:'GET', url:'', success:function(){}, error:function(){}, xhr:null }; }, methods:{ initialize(options){ this.setOptions(options); //this.data=this.setData(this.options.data); this.data=this.options.data; this.type=this.options.type; this.url=this.options.url; this.success=this.options.success; this.error=this.options.error; this.xhr=this.createXHR(); this.start(); }, setOptions(options){ this.options={ type:'GET', data:'', success:function(mes){alert(mes)}, error:function(mes){alert(mes)}, url:'' }; Object.assign(this.options,options); //for(var p in options) this.options[p]=opotions[p]; }, //把传入的数据设置为key1=value1&key2=value2格式的字符串,如果 //是使用FormData对象生成数据,则可以不用,不然会出错 setData(data){ let localdata=[]; for(let i in data){ localdata.push(encodeURIComponent(i) + '='+encodeURIComponent(data[i])); } localdata=localdata.join('&'); return localdata; }, createXHR(){ const _this=this; const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); xhr.onreadystatechange=function(){ if(xhr.readyState==4){ const status=xhr.status; if(status>=200 && status<300){ _this.success && _this.success(xhr.responseText); }else{ _this.error && _this.error(status); } } }; return xhr; }, get(url){ this.xhr.open('get',url+'?'+this.data,true); this.xhr.send(null); }, post(url,mes){ this.xhr.open('post',url,true); //this.xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'); this.xhr.send(mes); }, start(){ switch(this.type.toUpperCase()){ case 'GET': this.get(this.url); break; case 'POST': this.post(this.url,this.data); break; } } }, created(){ this.initialize(); } }); Vue.prototype.$ajax=ajax; }; export default install;
使用方法:
在main.js中导入
import VueAjax from './components/vue-ajax';
Vue.use(VueAjax);
在 .vue 格式文件中,
<template> <div id="app"> <form id="user-info"> <label for="user-name">Name:</label><input type="text" id="user-name" name="user-name" /><br /> <label for="user-email">Email:</label><input type="text" id="user-email" name="user-email" /><br /> <input type="button" value="Submit" @click="submitData" /> </form> </div> </template> <script> export default { methods:{ submitData(){ var form=document.getElementById('user-info'); var objs={ type:'post', url:'postexample.php', data:new FormData(form) } this.$ajax.initialize(objs); } }, } </script>
可以直接调用get/post,传入url/data
也可以调用Initialize,传入一个参数对象
this.$ajax.initialize(objs);
this.$ajax.get('example.txt');
this.$ajax.post('postexample.php',new FormData(form));