项目上线部署

前端打包

# 配置base_url

export default {
    base_url: '公网IP:8000'
}

npm run build

# 将前端包传到公网服务器
scp -r dist/ root@182.xx.xx.xx:/home/   #远程传输文件夹
scp test.log root@182.xx.xx.xx:/home/   #远程传输文件

服务器相关配置

# 更新系统软件包
yum update -y

# 安装软件管理包和可能用到的依赖
yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"
yum install openssl-devel bzip2-devel expat-devel gdbm-devel readline-devel sqlite-devel psmisc libffi-devel

MySQL的安装

# 安装包地址下载
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.6.html
    
# 卸载系统自带的Mariadb
[root@kingstar home]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb 
mariadb-libs-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64
[root@kingstar home]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64
[root@kingstar home]# 

#删除/etc下的my.cnf，如无此文件，可以跳过此步骤
[root@kingstar home]# rm -rf /etc/my.cnf

# 创建mysql用户以及用户组
# 创建mysql用户组
[root@kingstar home]# groupadd mysql
# 创建mysql用户，并将其加入mysql用户组
[root@kingstar home]# useradd -g mysql mysql
[root@kingstar home]# 


# 将下载好的二进制包放到/usr/local目录下
[root@kingstar home]# mv mysql-5.6.48-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz /usr/local/


# 解压文件，并将其命名为mysql
[root@kingstar local]# tar xf mysql-5.6.48-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 
[root@kingstar local]#  mv mysql-5.6.48-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql


# 在/etc目录下创建新的my.cnf文件
[root@kingstar etc]# vim my.cnf
[mysql]
# 设置mysql客户端默认字符集
default-character-set=utf8
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
skip-name-resolve
#设置3306端口
port=3306
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# 设置mysql的安装目录
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
# 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
# 允许最大连接数
max_connections=200
# 服务端使用的字符集默认为8比特编码的latin1字符集
character-set-server=utf8
# 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
default-storage-engine=INNODB
lower_case_table_names=1
max_allowed_packet=16M


# 创建步骤7中的用到的目录，并将其用户设置为mysql
[root@kingstar etc]# mkdir /var/lib/mysql
[root@kingstar etc]# mkdir /var/lib/mysql/mysql
[root@kingstar etc]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
[root@kingstar etc]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/mysql
[root@kingstar etc]# 


# 进入mysql安装目录
# 安装autoconf库和libaio库文件
yum -y install autoconf
yum install libaio* -y
chown -R mysql:mysql ./　　                            
./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql         
chown -R mysql:mysql data 
    

# 配置mysql
<1> 修改my.cnf文件权限
[root@kingstar etc]# chmod 777 my.cnf


<2>设置开机自动启动服务的脚本
[root@kingstar mysql]# cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
[root@kingstar mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql


<3>增加mysqld服务控制脚本执行权限
[root@kingstar mysql]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld


<4>将mysql服务加入到系统服务中
[root@kingstar mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld


<5>检查服务是否生效
root@kingstar mysql]# chkconfig --list mysqld
​
注：该输出结果只显示 SysV 服务，并不包含
原生 systemd 服务。SysV 配置数据
可能被原生 systemd 配置覆盖。 
​
      要列出 systemd 服务，请执行 'systemctl list-unit-files'。
      查看在具体 target 启用的服务请执行
      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'。
​
mysqld          0:关 1:关 2:开 3:开 4:开 5:开 6:关
[root@kingstar mysql]# 


<6>启动mysqld服务
[root@kingstar mysql]# systemctl restart mysqld.service
[root@kingstar mysql]# 


<7>将mysql的bin目录进入Path环境变量
[root@kingstar mysql]# vim /etc/profile
export MYSQL_HOME="/usr/local/mysql"
export PATH="$PATH:MYSQL_HOME/bin"
[root@kingstar mysql]# source /etc/profile


<8>开发3306端口和8080端口(tomcat)
[root@kingstar mysql]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
success
[root@kingstar mysql]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/udp --permanent
success
[root@kingstar mysql]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8080/tcp --permanent
success
[root@kingstar mysql]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8080/udp --permanent
success
[root@kingstar mysql]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
[root@kingstar mysql]# 


<9>创建mysql软连接
[root@kingstar ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql


<10>修改用户密码
[root@kingstar bin]# ./mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables
200430 21:22:19 mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/kingstar.err'.
200430 21:22:19 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data
        
        
<11>启动mysql客户端
[root@kingstar ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
​
show databases;
use mysql;
show tables;
desc user;
select USER,HOST,Password from user;
mysql> update user set password=password("123456") where user="root" and host="%";
flush privileges;


<12>退出mysqld_safe
ps aux|grep mysqld
kill -9 75792  # mysqld_safe的PID号
systemctl restart mysqld.service

创建项目数据库以及用户

# 使用root用户创建数据库
mysql> create database luffyapi;

# 给项目创建用户
mysql> grant all privileges on luffyapi.* to 'luffyapi'@'%' identified by 'surpass@123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> grant all privileges on luffyapi.* to 'luffyapi'@'localhost' identified by 'surpass@123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql>

redis的安装

# cd 到 home目录下
# 下载redis-5.0.5
wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-5.0.5.tar.gz
    
# 解压redis-5.0.5.tar.gz
[root@alisurpass home]# tar -zxvf redis-5.0.5.tar.gz

# 进入redis-5.0.5编译环境
[root@alisurpass redis-5.0.5]# make

#复制环境到指定路径完成安装
[root@alisurpass home]# cp -r redis-5.0.5 /usr/local/redis

# 创建软链接
[root@alisurpass home]# ln -s /usr/local/redis/src/redis-server /usr/bin/redis-server
[root@alisurpass home]# ln -s /usr/local/redis/src/redis-cli /usr/bin/redis-cli

[root@alisurpass bin]# ls -al|grep redis
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root root         30 Jul 30 18:49 redis-cli -> /usr/local/redis/src/redis-cli
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root root         33 Jul 30 18:49 redis-server -> /usr/local/redis/src/redis-server
[root@alisurpass bin]#

# 前台运行redis
[root@alisurpass ~]# redis-server  # 打开Redis服务端
[root@alisurpass ~]# redis-cli     # 打开redis客户端
关闭操作
（1）服务端 ctrl + c 退出
或者，(2)客户端发送shutdown命令

# 后台运行redis
[root@alisurpass ~]# redis-server &
[root@alisurpass ~]# redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379>
    
# 关闭Redis服务
[root@alisurpass ~]# ps -ajx|grep redis
10423 16305 16305 10423 pts/0    16339 Sl       0   0:00 redis-server *:6379
10423 16339 16339 10423 pts/0    16339 S+       0   0:00 redis-cli
15754 16386 16385 15754 pts/2    16385 R+       0   0:00 grep --color=auto redis
[1]+  Killed                  redis-server

[root@alisurpass ~]# kill -9 16305
[root@alisurpass ~]# ps -ajx|grep redis
[root@alisurpass ~]# kill -9 16339
[root@alisurpass ~]# ps -ajx|grep redis
    
或者 pkill -f redis -9

安装python环境以及pip环境（更新yum源和pip下载源）

# 第三方依赖库安装（如已安装，可以忽略）
yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gcc gcc-c++ make

yum -y install libffi-devel

# 将下载好的Python-3.8.0.taz传到服务器
scp Python-3.8.0.taz root@182.xx.xx.xx:/home/
tar -zxvf Python-3.8.0.taz
cd Python-3.8.0

# 创建一个python3的安装路径
mkdir -p /usr/local/python3

# 编译安装
./configure --with-ssl --prefix=/usr/local/python3
make && make install

# 删除原来的python2软连接&建立新的python3软连接
rm -rf /usr/bin/python
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.8 /usr/bin/python

# 查看python的版本
[root@kingstar bin]# ls -al|grep python
[root@kingstar bin]# python -V
Python 3.8.0
[root@kingstar bin]# python2 -V
Python 2.7.5
[root@kingstar bin]#

# 更改yum对应的路径
vim /usr/bin/yum
将首行的python改成python2.7

# 如果在安装pip的过程中报错： SyntaxError: invalid syntax
vim /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down
将首行的python改成python2.7

# pip安装
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py
python get-pip.py

[root@Kingstar home]# python -m pip install --upgrade pip

# 建立pip软连接
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3.8 /usr/bin/pip

# 添加path到环境变量
echo PATH='/usr/local/python/bin/:$PATH' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile

centos虚拟机更换yum源

# 备份本地的yum源
cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@Cherry yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-CR.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Media.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo  CentOS-Vault.repo

mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo_bak

# 选择更换的源
#  阿里源
wget -O CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
#  网易源
wget -O CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
    
# 清理yum缓存
yum clean all
# 重建缓存
yum makecache
# 升级Linux系统
yum -y update

pip跟换下载源

国内常用的源：

阿里源:http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/

清华源:https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/

豆瓣源:http://pypi.douban.com/simple/

中国科技大学:https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/

临时使用方法

# 这样就会从清华这边的镜像去安装gevent库	
pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple gevent

在家目录下创建.pip文件

mkdir .pip
cd ~/.pip
vim pip.conf

[global]
index-url=https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
[install]
trusted-host = pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

Nginx环境的安装

下载nginx的安装包

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.13.7.tar.gz

解压nginx

[root@alisurpass home]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.13.7.tar.gz

安装PCRE库支持

yum install pcre-devel pcre openssl openssl-devel gcc gcc-c++ zlib zlib-devel -y

进入解压目录，然后sed修改Nginx版本信息为JWS

 sed -i -e 's/1.13.7//g' -e 's/nginx//JWS/g' -e 's/"NGINX"/"JWS"/g' src/core/nginx.h

预编译Nginx

创建用户

useradd www
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module

执行编译命令

make &&make install

创建软连接

ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/

[root@alisurpass bin]# ls -al|grep nginx
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root root         27 Jul 30 20:52 nginx -> /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

将ngnix添加到系统服务中

vim /etc/init.d/nginx

内如下：

#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 85 15
PATH=/usr/local/nginx
DESC="nginx daemon"
NAME=nginx
DAEMON=$PATH/sbin/$NAME
CONFIGFILE=$PATH/conf/$NAME.conf
PIDFILE=$PATH/logs/$NAME.pid
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME
set -e
[ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0
do_start() {
$DAEMON -c $CONFIGFILE || echo -n "nginx already running"
}
do_stop() {
$DAEMON -s stop || echo -n "nginx not running"
}
do_reload() {
$DAEMON -s reload || echo -n "nginx can't reload"
}
case "$1" in
start)
echo -n "Starting $DESC: $NAME"
do_start
echo "."
;;
stop)
echo -n "Stopping $DESC: $NAME"
do_stop
echo "."
;;
reload|graceful)
echo -n "Reloading $DESC configuration..."
do_reload
echo "."
;;
restart)
echo -n "Restarting $DESC: $NAME"
do_stop
do_start
echo "."
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|reload|restart}" >&2
exit 3
;;
esac
exit 0

再执行以下的命令

#chmod a+x /etc/init.d/nginx 
#chkconfig --add nginx
#chkconfig nginx on
#systemctl start nginx

[root@alisurpass init.d]# netstat -tnlp|grep 80
[root@alisurpass init.d]# systemctl start nginx
[root@alisurpass init.d]# netstat -tnlp|grep 80
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      25178/nginx: master 

NGINX服务

//服务
#启动nginx服务
systemctl start nginx.service
#停止nginx服务
systemctl stop nginx.service
#重启nginx服务
systemctl restart nginx.service
#重新读取nginx配置(这个最常用, 不用停止nginx服务就能使修改的配置生效)
systemctl reload nginx.service

测试Nginx服务安装是否正确，同时启动Nginx WEB 服务，代码命令如下:

[root@alisurpass init.d]#  /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name  127.0.0.1; # 改为自己的域名，没域名修改为127.0.0.1:80
        charset utf-8;
        location / {
            root /home/html; # html访问路径
            index index.html; # html文件名称
            try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html; # 解决单页面应用刷新404问题
        }
    }

    server {
        listen 8000;
        server_name  127.0.0.1; # 改为自己的域名，没域名修改为127.0.0.1:80
        charset utf-8;
        location / {
           include uwsgi_params;
           uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8808;  # 端口要和uwsgi里配置的一样
           uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT luffyapi.wsgi;  #wsgi.py所在的目录名+.wsgi
           uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /home/project/luffyapi/; # 项目路径
        }
    }
}

前端项目的部署

[root@alisurpass home]# mv dist/ /home/html
nginx -s reload

后端生成依赖模块文件

requirement.txt

celery==4.4.6
Django==2.2.14
django-cors-headers==3.4.0
django-crispy-forms==1.9.2
django-filter==2.3.0
django-formtools==2.2
django-import-export==2.3.0
django-redis==4.12.1
django-reversion==3.0.7
djangorestframework==3.11.0
djangorestframework-jwt==1.11.0
Pillow==7.2.0
PyMySQL==0.9.3
pyOpenSSL==19.1.0
python-alipay-sdk==2.0.1
qcloudsms-py==0.1.4
redis==3.5.3
xadmin @ https://codeload.github.com/sshwsfc/xadmin/zip/django2

后端环境部署

# 创建project文件夹
[root@alisurpass home]# mkdir project

# 将后端文件放到project中
[root@alisurpass ~]# cp -r luffyapi/ /home/project/

# 创建虚拟环境
[root@alisurpass luffyapi]# pip install virtualenv
[root@alisurpass luffyapi]# pip install virtualenvwrapper

# 建立虚拟环境软连接
[root@alisurpass bin]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/virtualenv /usr/bin/virtualenv

# 找到virtualenvwrapper.sh文件
[root@alisurpass bin]# cp virtualenvwrapper.sh /usr/local/bin/

# 创建虚拟环境工作目录
 mkdir -p ~/.virtualenvs

cd ~/.virtualenvs
vim .bashrc

export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs
export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python
source export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs

source .bashrc

# 创建luffy的虚拟环境
[root@alisurpass ~]# mkvirtualenv -p python luffy

# 安装项目的依赖环境
pip install -r requirement.txt

# django2.0.7以上版本改源码
[root@alisurpass .virtualenvs]# cd /root/.virtualenvs/luffy/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/

vim base.py
将版本判断的那两行代码注释掉

安装uwsgi

# 虚拟环境和项目中都安装uwsgi
pip install uwsgi

# 创建软连接
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/uwsgi /usr/bin/uwsgi

# 在项目根路径下配置uwsgi,luffyapi.xml
cd /home/project/luffyapi
vim luffyapi.xml

<uwsgi>    
   <socket>127.0.0.1:8808</socket> <!-- 内部端口，自定义 --> 
   <chdir>/home/project/luffyapi/</chdir> <!-- 项目路径 -->            
   <module>luffyapi.wsgi</module>  <!-- luffyapi为wsgi.py所在目录名--> 
   <processes>4</processes> <!-- 进程数 -->     
   <daemonize>uwsgi.log</daemonize> <!-- 日志文件 -->
</uwsgi>

# 启动uwsgi
(luffy) [root@alisurpass luffyapi]# uwsgi -x luffyapi.xml 
[uWSGI] parsing config file luffyapi.xml
(luffy) [root@alisurpass luffyapi]# ps -ajx|grep uwsgi
    1  1566  1565  1565 ?           -1 S        0   0:00 uwsgi -x luffyapi.xml
 1566  1569  1565  1565 ?           -1 S        0   0:00 uwsgi -x luffyapi.xml
 1566  1570  1565  1565 ?           -1 S        0   0:00 uwsgi -x luffyapi.xml
 1566  1571  1565  1565 ?           -1 S        0   0:00 uwsgi -x luffyapi.xml
29396  1582  1581 29396 pts/0     1581 R+       0   0:00 grep --color=auto uwsgi
(luffy) [root@alisurpass luffyapi]# netstat -tnlp|grep 8808
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:8808          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1566/uwsgi          
(luffy) [root@alisurpass luffyapi]# 

# 重启 nginx
nginx -s reload

收集静态资源

step1:修改pro.py配置文件

1）编辑线上配置文件
>: vim /home/project/luffyapi/luffyapi/settings/prod.py


2）修改static配置，新增STATIC_ROOT、STATICFILES_DIRS
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATIC_ROOT = '/home/project/luffyapi/luffyapi/static'  
STATICFILES_DIRS = (os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static"),)

迁移静态样式：项目目录下

1）项目目录下没有 static 文件夹需要新建
mkdir /home/project/luffyapi/luffyapi/static

2）完成静态文件迁移
python /home/project/luffyapi/manage_pro.py collectstatic

Nginx配置静态路径

1）修改nginx配置
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name  127.0.0.1; # 改为自己的域名，没域名修改为127.0.0.1:80
        charset utf-8;
        location / {
            root /home/html; # html访问路径
            index index.html; # html文件名称
            try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html; # 解决单页面应用刷新404问题
        }
    }
    server {
        listen 8000;
        server_name  127.0.0.1; # 改为自己的域名，没域名修改为127.0.0.1:80
        charset utf-8;
        location / {
           include uwsgi_params;
           uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8808;  # 端口要和uwsgi里配置的一样
           uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT luffyapi.wsgi;  #wsgi.py所在的目录名+.wsgi
           uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /home/project/luffyapi/; # 项目路径
        }
        # 新增的配置静态文件
        location /static {
            alias /home/project/luffyapi/luffyapi/static;
        }
    }
}

启动服务

1）关闭 uwsgi，重新启动 uwsgi
pkill -f uwsgi -9
uwsgi -x /home/project/luffyapi/luffyapi.xml

2）关闭 nginx，重新启动 nginx
nginx -s reload
nginx -s stop
nginx

拓展

什么是nginx

nginx是一个高性能的http和反向代理服务器

Apache和Nginx最核心的区别在于 apache 是同步多进程模型，一个连接对应一个进程；而 nginx 是异步的，多个连接（万级别）可以对应一个进程
   
利用nginx可以实现:
   http请求转发
   反向代理服务器
   负载均衡
   动静分离