概述
Thrift是一个软件框架,用来进行可扩展且跨语言的服务的开发。它结合了功能强大的软件堆栈和代码生成引擎,以构建在 C++、Java、Python、PHP、Ruby、Erlang、Perl、Haskell、C#、Cocoa、JavaScript、Node.js、Smalltalk、and OCaml 等等编程语言间无缝结合的、高效的服务。
Thrift最初由facebook开发,07年四月开放源码,08年5月进入Apache孵化器。Thrift允许你定义一个简单的定义文件中的数据类型和服务接口。以作为输入文件,编译器生成代码用来方便地生成RPC客户端和服务器通信的无缝跨编程语言。
官网地址:thrift.apache.org
下载配置
Maven构建项目,在pom.xml 中添加如下内容:
<dependency> <groupId>org.apache.thrift</groupId> <artifactId>libthrift</artifactId> <version>0.11.0</version> </dependency>
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基本概念
数据类型
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基本类型:
bool:布尔值,true 或 false,对应 Java 的 boolean
byte:8 位有符号整数,对应 Java 的 byte
i16:16 位有符号整数,对应 Java 的 short
i32:32 位有符号整数,对应 Java 的 int
i64:64 位有符号整数,对应 Java 的 long
double:64 位浮点数,对应 Java 的 double
string:utf-8编码的字符串,对应 Java 的 String -
结构体类型:
struct:定义公共的对象,类似于 C 语言中的结构体定义,在 Java 中是一个 JavaBean -
容器类型:
list:对应 Java 的 ArrayList
set:对应 Java 的 HashSet
map:对应 Java 的 HashMap -
异常类型:
exception:对应 Java 的 Exception -
服务类型:
service:对应服务的类
服务端编码基本步骤
- 实现服务处理接口impl
- 创建TProcessor
- 创建TServerTransport
- 创建TProtocol
- 创建TServer
- 启动Server
客户端编码基本步骤
- 创建Transport
- 创建TProtocol
- 基于TTransport和TProtocol创建Client
- 调用Client的相应方法
数据传输协议
- TBinaryProtocol 二进制格式
- TCompactProtocol 压缩格式
- TJSONProtocol JSON格式
- TSimpleJSONProtocol 提供JSON只写协议,生成的文件很容易通过脚本语言解析
提示:客户端和服务端的协议要一致
实例演示
Thrift生成代码
创建Thrift文件,比如D:TonnyDocProjectprj-oxygencommonsrcmainjavaorg onny hriftdemoconfig ewsNewsModel.thrift ,内容如下:
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namespace java org.tonny.thrift.demo
service HelloWorldService {
string sayHello(1:string username)
} - include类型的数据,文件引用,所以要用“文件名+类型”,即文件名.模块名
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使用从官网提供下载的thrift-0.11.0.exe,运用这个工具生成相关代码:
thrift-0.9.3.exe -r -gen java ./HelloWorld.thrift
将生成的HelloWorldService.java 文件复制到自己测试的工程中,我的工程是用Maven构建的,故在pom.xml中增加如下内容:
<dependency> <groupId>org.apache.thrift</groupId> <artifactId>libthrift</artifactId> <version>0.9.3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> <version>1.7.5</version> </dependency>
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实现接口Iface
Java代码:HelloWorldImpl.java
package com.thrift.demo; import org.apache.thrift.TException; public class HelloWorldImpl implements HelloWorldService.Iface { public HelloWorldImpl() { } @Override public String sayHello(String username) throws TException { return "Hi," + username + " welcome to thrift demo world"; } }
TSimpleServer服务端
简单的单线程服务模型,一般用于测试。
编写服务端server代码:ThriftServer.javapackage com.thrift.demo.server; import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor; import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol; import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol.Factory; import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer; import org.apache.thrift.server.TSimpleServer; import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport; import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket; import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException; import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportFactory; import com.thrift.demo.service.HelloWorldService; import com.thrift.demo.service.impl.HelloWorldServiceImpl; /** ************************************************************ * @类名 ThriftServer * * @AUTHOR Neo ************************************************************ */ public class ThriftServerDemo { public void startServer() { try { System.out.println("Starting Thrift Server......"); TProcessor processor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(new HelloWorldServiceImpl()); TServerSocket serverTransport = new TServerSocket(8191); TTransportFactory transportFactory = new TFramedTransport.Factory(); Factory factory = new TBinaryProtocol.Factory(); TServer.Args tArgs = new TServer.Args(serverTransport); tArgs.protocolFactory(factory); tArgs.transportFactory(transportFactory); tArgs.processor(processor); // 简单的单线程服务模型,一般用于测试 TServer server = new TSimpleServer(tArgs); server.serve(); } catch (TTransportException e) { System.out.println("Starting Thrift Server......Error!!!"); e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { ThriftServerDemo server = new ThriftServerDemo(); server.startServer(); } }
编写客户端Client代码:ThriftClientDemo.java
package com.thrift.demo.client; import org.apache.thrift.TException; import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol; import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol; import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport; import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket; import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport; import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException; import com.thrift.demo.service.HelloWorldService; import com.thrift.demo.service.HelloWorldService.Client; /** ************************************************************ * @类名 ThriftClient * * @AUTHOR Neo ************************************************************ */ public class ThriftClientDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { try { TTransport transport = new TFramedTransport(new TSocket("127.0.0.1", 8191, 5000)); // 协议要和服务端一致 TProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(transport); Client client = new HelloWorldService.Client(protocol); transport.open(); String string = client.sayHello("Neo"); System.out.println(string); transport.close(); } catch (TTransportException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (TException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
先运行服务端程序,日志如下:
Starting Thrift Server......
再运行客户端调用程序,日志如下:
Hello World,Hello Thrift!!! Hi:Neo
测试成功,和预期的返回信息一致。
TThreadPoolServer 服务模型
线程池服务模型,使用标准的阻塞式IO,预先创建一组线程处理请求。
编写服务端代码:HelloServerDemo.javapackage com.thrift.demo.server; import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor; import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol; import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer; import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer; import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket; import com.thrift.demo.service.HelloWorldService; import com.thrift.demo.service.impl.HelloWorldServiceImpl; /** ************************************************************ * @类名 HelloServerDemo * * @AUTHOR Neo ************************************************************ */ public class HelloServerDemo { public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8191; public void startServer() { try { System.out.println("HelloWorld TThreadPoolServer start ...."); TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(new HelloWorldServiceImpl()); TServerSocket serverTransport = new TServerSocket(SERVER_PORT); TThreadPoolServer.Args ttpsArgs = new TThreadPoolServer.Args(serverTransport); ttpsArgs.processor(tprocessor); ttpsArgs.protocolFactory(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory()); // 线程池服务模型,使用标准的阻塞式IO,预先创建一组线程处理请求。 TServer server = new TThreadPoolServer(ttpsArgs); server.serve(); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Server start error!!!"); e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { HelloServerDemo server = new HelloServerDemo(); server.startServer(); } }
客户端Client代码和之前的一样,只要数据传输的协议一致即可,客户端测试成功,结果如下:
Hello World,Hello Thrift!!! Hi:Neo
TNonblockingServer 服务模型
使用非阻塞式IO,服务端和客户端需要指定 TFramedTransport 数据传输的方式。
编写服务端代码:HelloServerDemo.javapackage com.thrift.demo.server; import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor; import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol; import org.apache.thrift.server.TNonblockingServer; import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer; import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport; import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingServerSocket; import com.thrift.demo.service.HelloWorldService; import com.thrift.demo.service.impl.HelloWorldServiceImpl; /** ************************************************************ * @类名 HelloServerDemo * * @AUTHOR Neo ************************************************************ */ public class HelloServerDemo { public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8191; public void startServer() { try { System.out.println("HelloWorld TNonblockingServer start ...."); TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(new HelloWorldServiceImpl()); TNonblockingServerSocket tnbSocketTransport = new TNonblockingServerSocket(SERVER_PORT); TNonblockingServer.Args tnbArgs = new TNonblockingServer.Args(tnbSocketTransport); tnbArgs.processor(tprocessor); tnbArgs.transportFactory(new TFramedTransport.Factory()); tnbArgs.protocolFactory(new TCompactProtocol.Factory()); // 使用非阻塞式IO,服务端和客户端需要指定TFramedTransport数据传输的方式 TServer server = new TNonblockingServer(tnbArgs); server.serve(); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Server start error!!!"); e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { HelloServerDemo server = new HelloServerDemo(); server.startServer(); } }
编写客户端代码:HelloClientDemo.java
package com.thrift.demo.client; import org.apache.thrift.TException; import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol; import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol; import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport; import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket; import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport; import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException; import com.thrift.demo.service.HelloWorldService; /** ************************************************************ * @类名 HelloClientDemo * * @AUTHOR Neo ************************************************************ */ public class HelloClientDemo { public static final String SERVER_IP = "127.0.0.1"; public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8191; public static final int TIMEOUT = 30000; public void startClient(String userName) { TTransport transport = null; try { transport = new TFramedTransport(new TSocket(SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT, TIMEOUT)); // 协议要和服务端一致 TProtocol protocol = new TCompactProtocol(transport); HelloWorldService.Client client = new HelloWorldService.Client(protocol); transport.open(); String result = client.sayHello(userName); System.out.println("Thrify client result =: " + result); } catch (TTransportException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (TException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (null != transport) { transport.close(); } } } public static void main(String[] args) { HelloClientDemo client = new HelloClientDemo(); client.startClient("Neo"); } }
客户端的测试成功,结果如下:
Thrify client result =: Hello World,Hello Thrift!!! Hi:Neo
THsHaServer服务模型
半同步半异步的服务端模型,需要指定为: TFramedTransport 数据传输的方式。
编写服务端代码:HelloServerDemo.javapackage com.thrift.demo.server; import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor; import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol; import org.apache.thrift.server.THsHaServer; import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer; import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport; import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingServerSocket; import com.thrift.demo.service.HelloWorldService; import com.thrift.demo.service.impl.HelloWorldServiceImpl; /** ************************************************************ * @类名 HelloServerDemo * * @AUTHOR Neo ************************************************************ */ public class HelloServerDemo { public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8191; public void startServer() { try { System.out.println("HelloWorld THsHaServer start ...."); TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(new HelloWorldServiceImpl()); TNonblockingServerSocket tnbSocketTransport = new TNonblockingServerSocket(SERVER_PORT); THsHaServer.Args thhsArgs = new THsHaServer.Args(tnbSocketTransport); thhsArgs.processor(tprocessor); thhsArgs.transportFactory(new TFramedTransport.Factory()); thhsArgs.protocolFactory(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory()); // 半同步半异步的服务模型 TServer server = new THsHaServer(thhsArgs); server.serve(); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Server start error!!!"); e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { HelloServerDemo server = new HelloServerDemo(); server.startServer(); } }
客户端代码和上一个服务模型的Client中的类似,只要注意传输协议一致以及指定传输方式为TFramedTransport。
异步客户端
编写服务端代码:HelloServerDemo.java
package com.thrift.demo.client; import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor; import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol; import org.apache.thrift.server.TNonblockingServer; import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer; import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport; import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingServerSocket; import com.thrift.demo.service.HelloWorldService; import com.thrift.demo.service.impl.HelloWorldServiceImpl; /** ************************************************************ * @类名 HelloServerDemo * * @AUTHOR Neo ************************************************************ */ public class HelloServerDemo { public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8191; public void startServer() { try { System.out.println("HelloWorld TNonblockingServer start ...."); TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>(new HelloWorldServiceImpl()); TNonblockingServerSocket tnbSocketTransport = new TNonblockingServerSocket(SERVER_PORT); TNonblockingServer.Args tnbArgs = new TNonblockingServer.Args(tnbSocketTransport); tnbArgs.processor(tprocessor); tnbArgs.transportFactory(new TFramedTransport.Factory()); tnbArgs.protocolFactory(new TCompactProtocol.Factory()); // 使用非阻塞式IO,服务端和客户端需要指定TFramedTransport数据传输的方式 TServer server = new TNonblockingServer(tnbArgs); server.serve(); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Server start error!!!"); e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { HelloServerDemo server = new HelloServerDemo(); server.startServer(); } }
编写客户端Client代码:HelloAsynClientDemo.java
package com.thrift.demo.client; import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import org.apache.thrift.TException; import org.apache.thrift.async.AsyncMethodCallback; import org.apache.thrift.async.TAsyncClientManager; import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol; import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocolFactory; import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingSocket; import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingTransport; import com.thrift.demo.service.HelloWorldService; import com.thrift.demo.service.HelloWorldService.AsyncClient.sayHello_call; /** ************************************************************ * @类名 HelloAsynClientDemo * * @AUTHOR Neo ************************************************************ */ public class HelloClientDemo { public static final String SERVER_IP = "127.0.0.1"; public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8191; public static final int TIMEOUT = 30000; public void startClient(String userName) { try { TAsyncClientManager clientManager = new TAsyncClientManager(); TNonblockingTransport transport = new TNonblockingSocket(SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT, TIMEOUT); TProtocolFactory tprotocol = new TCompactProtocol.Factory(); HelloWorldService.AsyncClient asyncClient = new HelloWorldService.AsyncClient(tprotocol, clientManager, transport); System.out.println("Client start ....."); CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1); AsynCallback callBack = new AsynCallback(latch); System.out.println("call method sayHello start ..."); asyncClient.sayHello(userName, callBack); System.out.println("call method sayHello .... end"); boolean wait = latch.await(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); System.out.println("latch.await =:" + wait); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("startClient end."); } public class AsynCallback implements AsyncMethodCallback<sayHello_call> { private CountDownLatch latch; public AsynCallback(CountDownLatch latch) { this.latch = latch; } @Override public void onComplete(sayHello_call response) { System.out.println("onComplete"); try { // Thread.sleep(1000L * 1); System.out.println("AsynCall result =:" + response.getResult().toString()); } catch (TException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { latch.countDown(); } } @Override public void onError(Exception exception) { System.out.println("onError :" + exception.getMessage()); latch.countDown(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { HelloAsynClientDemo client = new HelloAsynClientDemo(); client.startClient("Neo"); } }
先运行服务程序,再运行客户端程序,测试结果如下:
Client start ..... call method sayHello start ... call method sayHello .... end onComplete AsynCall result =:Hello World,Hello Thrift!!! Hi:Neo latch.await =:true startClient end.
设计思路
- Thrift的Server类型有TSimpleServer、TNonblockingServer、THsHaServer、TThreadedSelectorServer、TThreadPoolServer
- TSimpleServer是单线程阻塞IO的方式,仅用于demo
- TNonblockingServer是单线程非阻塞IO的方式,通过java.nio.channels.Selector的select()接收连接请求,但是处理消息仍然是单线程,吞吐量有限不可用于生产
- THsHaServer使用一个单独的线程处理IO,一个独立的worker线程池处理消息, 可以并行处理所有请求
- TThreadPoolServer使用一个专用连接接收connection,一旦接收到请求就会放入ThreadPoolExecutor中的一个worker里处理,当请求处理完毕该worker释放并回到线程池中,可以配置线程最大值,当达到线程最大值时请求会被阻塞。TThreadPoolServer性能表现优异,代价是并发高时会创建大量线程
- TThreadedSelectorServer是thrift 0.8引入的实现,处理IO也使用了线程池,比THsHaServer有更高的吞吐量和更低的时延,与TThreadPoolServer比性能相近且能应对网络IO较多的情况
- 对于客户端较少的情况,TThreadPoolServer也有优异的性能表现,但是考虑到未来SOA可能的高并发,决定采用TThreadedSelectorServer