• nginx实战四


    nginx负载均衡

    Nginx通过upstream和proxy_pass实现了负载均衡。本质上也是Nginx的反向代理功能,只不过后端的server为多个。

    1.简单的轮询

    upstream www {
        server 172.37.150.109:80;
        server 172.37.150.101:80;
        server 172.37.150.110:80;
    }
    
    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.aminglinux.com;
        location / {
            proxy_pass http://www/; (对应upstream的名字)
            proxy_set_header Host   $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP      $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }
    }
    
    说明:当被代理的机器有多台时,需要使用upstream来定义一个服务器组,
    其中www名字可以自定义,在后面的proxy_pass那里引用。
    这样nginx会将请求均衡地轮询发送给www组内的三台服务器。
    

    2.带权重轮询+ip_hash算法

    upstream www {
        server 172.37.150.109:80 weight=50;
        server 172.37.150.101:80 weight=100;
        server 172.37.150.110:80 weight=50;
        ip_hash;
    }
    
    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.aminglinux.com;
        location / {
            proxy_pass http://www/;
            proxy_set_header Host   $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP      $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }
    }
    
    说明:可以给www组内的三台机器配置权重,权重越高,则分配到的请求越多。
    ip_hash为nginx负载均衡算法,原理很简单,它根据请求所属的客户端IP计算得到一个数值,然后把请求发往该数值对应的后端。
    所以同一个客户端的请求,都会发往同一台后端,除非该后端不可用了。ip_hash能够达到保持会话的效果。
    

    3.upstream其他配置

    upstream www {
            server 172.37.150.109:80 weight=50 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
            server 172.37.150.101:80 weight=100;
            server 172.37.150.110:80 down;
            server 172.37.150.110:80 backup;
    }
    server
    {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.aminglinux.com;
        location / {
            proxy_next_upstream off;
            proxy_pass http://www/;
            proxy_set_header Host   $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP      $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }
    }
    
    说明:down,表示当前的server不参与负载均衡;
    backup,为预留的机器,当其他的server(非backup)出现故障或者忙的时候,才会请求backup机器;
    max_fails,允许请求失败的次数,默认为1。当失败次数达到该值,就认为该机器down掉了。 失败的指标是由proxy_next_upstream模块定义,其中404状态码不认为是失败。
    fail_timeount,定义失败的超时时间,也就是说在该时间段内达到max_fails,才算真正的失败。默认是10秒。
    
    proxy_next_upstream,通过后端服务器返回的响应状态码,表示服务器死活,可以灵活控制后端机器是否加入分发列表。
    语法: proxy_next_upstream error | timeout | invalid_header | http_500 | http_502 | http_503 | http_504 |http_404 | off ...; 
    默认值: proxy_next_upstream error timeout
    
    error      # 和后端服务器建立连接时,或者向后端服务器发送请求时,或者从后端服务器接收响应头时,出现错误
    timeout    # 和后端服务器建立连接时,或者向后端服务器发送请求时,或者从后端服务器接收响应头时,出现超时
    invalid_header  # 后端服务器返回空响应或者非法响应头
    http_500   # 后端服务器返回的响应状态码为500
    http_502   # 后端服务器返回的响应状态码为502
    http_503   # 后端服务器返回的响应状态码为503
    http_504   # 后端服务器返回的响应状态码为504
    http_404   # 后端服务器返回的响应状态码为404
    off        # 停止将请求发送给下一台后端服务器
    

    4.根据不同的uri

    upstream aa.com {         
                          server 192.168.0.121;
                          server 192.168.0.122;  
         }
        upstream bb.com {  
                           server 192.168.0.123;
                           server 192.168.0.124;
        }
        server {
            listen       80;
            server_name  www.aminglinux.com;
            location ~ aa.php
            {
                proxy_pass http://aa.com/;
                proxy_set_header Host   $host;
                proxy_set_header X-Real-IP      $remote_addr;
                proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            }
            location ~ bb.php
            {
                  proxy_pass http://bb.com/;
                  proxy_set_header Host   $host;
                  proxy_set_header X-Real-IP      $remote_addr;
                  proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            }
            location /
            {
                  proxy_pass http://bb.com/;
                  proxy_set_header Host   $host;
                  proxy_set_header X-Real-IP      $remote_addr;
                  proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            }
    }
    
    说明:请求aa.php的,会到aa.com组,请求bb.php的会到bb.com,其他请求全部到bb.com。
    

    5.根据不同的目录

    upstream aaa.com
    {
                server 192.168.111.6;
    }
    upstream bbb.com
    {
                server 192.168.111.20;
    }
    server {
            listen 80;
            server_name www.aminglinux.com;
            location /aaa/
            {
                proxy_pass http://aaa.com/aaa/;
                proxy_set_header Host   $host;
                proxy_set_header X-Real-IP      $remote_addr;
                proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            }
            location /bbb/
            {
                proxy_pass http://bbb.com/bbb/;
                proxy_set_header Host   $host;
                proxy_set_header X-Real-IP      $remote_addr;
                proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            }
            location /
            {
                proxy_pass http://bbb.com/;
                proxy_set_header Host   $host;
                proxy_set_header X-Real-IP      $remote_addr;
                proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            }
    }
    

    nginx访问控制-deny和allow

    https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/nginx/git/blob/master/access/deny_allow.md

    Nginx的deny和allow指令是由ngx_http_access_module模块提供,Nginx安装默认内置了该模块。
    除非在安装时有指定 --without-http_access_module。
    语法:allow/deny address | CIDR | unix: | all
    
    它表示,允许/拒绝某个ip或者一个ip段访问.如果指定unix:,那将允许socket的访问。
    注意:unix在1.5.1中新加入的功能。
    
    在nginx中,allow和deny的规则是按顺序执行的。
    
    示例1:
    location /
    {
        allow 192.168.0.0/24;
        allow 127.0.0.1;
        deny all;
    }
    
    说明:这段配置值允许192.168.0.0/24网段和127.0.0.1的请求,其他来源IP全部拒绝。
    
    示例2:
    location ~ "admin"
    {
        allow 110.21.33.121;
        deny all
    }
    说明:访问的uri中包含admin的请求,只允许110.21.33.121这个IP的请求。

    实验:添加deny all

    [root@centos-03 vhost]# vim 1.conf ^C
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# cat 1.conf 
    server {
            listen 80;
            server_name www.1.com;
            index index.html;
            root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
            access_log /tmp/1.log;
            deny all;
    
            location ^~ /abc
            {
                    echo "^~";
            }
    
            location = /abc/1.html
            {
                    echo "=";
    
            }
    }
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# 
    

    1.再访问www.1.com时变成403了

    [root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
    nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
    nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.1.com -I
    HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
    Server: nginx/1.14.0
    Date: Fri, 27 Jul 2018 18:40:04 GMT
    Content-Type: text/html
    Content-Length: 169
    Connection: keep-alive
    
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# 
    

    2.我们再添加 allow 127.0.0.1;访问正常(也可以添加一个网段allow 192.168.242.0/24)

    [root@centos-03 vhost]# vim 1.conf ^C
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# cat 1.conf 
    server {
            listen 80;
            server_name www.1.com;
            index index.html;
            root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
            access_log /tmp/1.log;
            allow 127.0.0.1;
            deny all;
    
            location ^~ /abc
            {
                    echo "^~";
            }
    
            location = /abc/1.html
            {
                    echo "=";
    
            }
    }
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 
    nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
    nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.1.com
    www.1.com
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# 
    

    3.允许网段192.168.242.0/24网段的访问admin目录,其他的都拒绝

    [root@centos-03 vhost]# vim 1.conf ^C
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# cat 1.conf 
    server {
            listen 80;
            server_name www.1.com;
            index index.html;
            root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
            access_log /tmp/1.log;
    
            location ~ admin
            {
                    allow 192.168.242.0/24;
                    deny all;
            }
    
            location ^~ /abc
            {
                    echo "^~";
            }
    
            location = /abc/1.html
            {
                    echo "=";
    
            }
    }
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# 
    
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# curl -x192.168.242.133:80 www.1.com -I
    HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
    Server: nginx/1.14.0
    Date: Fri, 27 Jul 2018 18:57:04 GMT
    Content-Type: text/html
    Content-Length: 169
    Connection: keep-alive
    
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# curl -x192.168.242.133:80 www.1.com/admin/ -I
    HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
    Server: nginx/1.14.0
    Date: Fri, 27 Jul 2018 18:57:22 GMT
    Content-Type: text/html
    Content-Length: 169
    Connection: keep-alive
    
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# 
    

    nginx访问控制-location

    https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/nginx/git/blob/master/access/location.md

    在生产环境中,我们会对某些特殊的请求进行限制,比如对网站的后台进行限制访问。
    这就用到了location配置。
    
    location /aming/
    {
        deny all;
    }
    
    说明:针对/aming/目录,全部禁止访问,这里的deny all可以改为return 403.
    
    location ~ ".bak|.ht"
    {
        return 403;
    }
    说明:访问的uri中包含.bak字样的或者包含.ht的直接返回403状态码。
    
    测试链接举例:
    1. www.aminglinux.com/123.bak
    2. www.aminglinux.com/aming/123/.htalskdjf
    
    location ~ (data|cache|tmp|image|attachment).*.php$
    {
        deny all;
    }
    
    说明:请求的uri中包含data、cache、tmp、image、attachment并且以.php结尾的,全部禁止访问。
    
    测试链接举例:
    1. www.aminglinux.com/aming/cache/1.php
    2. www.aminglinux.com/image/123.phps
    3. www.aminglinux.com/aming/datas/1.php
    
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# vim 1.conf ^C
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# cat 1.conf 
    server {
            listen 80;
            server_name www.1.com;
            index index.html;
            root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
            access_log /tmp/1.log;
    
            location ~ ".bak|.htp"
            {
                    return 403;
            }
    }
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t              
    nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
    nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.1.com/index.html.bak
    <html>
    <head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head>
    <body bgcolor="white">
    <center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center>
    <hr><center>nginx/1.14.0</center>
    </body>
    </html>
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.1.com/index.html.b2ak
    <html>
    <head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
    <body bgcolor="white">
    <center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
    <hr><center>nginx/1.14.0</center>
    </body>
    </html>
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# 
    

    nginx访问控制-基于document_uri  

    https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/nginx/git/blob/master/access/document_uri.md

    这就用到了变量$document_uri,根据前面所学内容,该变量等价于$uri,其实也等价于location匹配。
    
    if ($document_uri ~ "/admin/")
    {
        return 403;
    }
    
    说明:当请求的uri中包含/admin/时,直接返回403.
    
    if结构中不支持使用allow和deny。
    
    测试链接:
    1. www.aminglinux.com/123/admin/1.html 匹配
    2. www.aminglinux.com/admin123/1.html  不匹配
    3. www.aminglinux.com/admin.php  不匹配
    
    if ($document_uri = /admin.php)
    {
        return 403;
    }
    
    说明:请求的uri为/admin.php时返回403状态码。
    
    测试链接:
    1. www.aminglinux.com/admin.php 匹配
    2. www.aminglinux.com/123/admin.php  不匹配
    
    if ($document_uri ~ '/data/|/cache/.*.php$')
    {
        return 403;
    }
    
    说明:请求的uri包含data或者cache目录,并且是php时,返回403状态码。
    
    测试链接:
    1. www.aminglinux.com/data/123.php  匹配
    2. www.aminglinux.com/cache1/123.php 不匹配
    

    nginx访问控制-基于request_uri

    https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/nginx/git/blob/master/access/request_uri.md

    $request_uri比$docuemnt_uri多了请求的参数。
    主要是针对请求的uri中的参数进行控制。
    
    if ($request_uri ~ "gid=d{9,12}")
    {
        return 403;
    }
    
    说明:d{9,12}是正则表达式,表示9到12个数字,例如gid=1234567890就符号要求。
    
    测试链接:
    1. www.aminglinux.com/index.php?gid=1234567890&pid=111  匹配
    2. www.aminglinux.com/gid=123  不匹配
    
    背景知识:
    曾经有一个客户的网站cc攻击,对方发起太多类似这样的请求:/read-123405150-1-1.html
    实际上,这样的请求并不是正常的请求,网站会抛出一个页面,提示帖子不存在。
    所以,可以直接针对这样的请求,return 403状态码。
    

    nginx访问控制-基于user_agent

    https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/nginx/git/blob/master/access/user_agent.md

    user_agent大家并不陌生,可以简单理解成浏览器标识,包括一些蜘蛛爬虫都可以通过user_agent来辨识。
    通过观察访问日志,可以发现一些搜索引擎的蜘蛛对网站访问特别频繁,它们并不友好。
    为了减少服务器的压力,其实可以把除主流搜索引擎蜘蛛外的其他蜘蛛爬虫全部封掉。
    另外,一些cc攻击,我们也可以通过观察它们的user_agent找到规律。
    
    if ($user_agent ~ 'YisouSpider|MJ12bot/v1.4.2|YoudaoBot|Tomato')
    {
        return 403;
    }
    说明:user_agent包含以上关键词的请求,全部返回403状态码。
    
    测试:
    1. curl -A "123YisouSpider1.0"
    2. curl -A "MJ12bot/v1.4.1"
    

    nginx访问控制-基于http_referer

    https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/nginx/git/blob/master/access/referer.md

    在前面讲解rewrite时,曾经用过该变量,当时实现了防盗链功能。
    其实基于该变量,我们也可以做一些特殊的需求。
    
    背景:网站被黑挂马,搜索引擎收录的网页是有问题的,当通过搜索引擎点击到网站时,却显示一个博彩网站。
    由于查找木马需要时间,不能马上解决,为了不影响用户体验,可以针对此类请求做一个特殊操作。
    比如,可以把从百度访问的链接直接返回404状态码,或者返回一段html代码。
    
    if ($http_referer ~ 'baidu.com')
    {
        return 404;
    }
    
    或者
    
    if ($http_referer ~ 'baidu.com')
    {
        return 200 "<html><script>window.location.href='//$host$request_uri';</script></html>";
    }
    
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# vim 1.conf ^C
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# cat 1.conf 
    server {
            listen 80;
            server_name www.1.com;
            index index.html;
            root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
            access_log /tmp/1.log;
    
            if ($http_referer ~* 'baidu.com')
            {
                    return 405;
            }
    }
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload       
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 -e "http://www.baidu.com/aaa" www.1.com -I
    HTTP/1.1 405 Not Allowed
    Server: nginx/1.14.0
    Date: Fri, 27 Jul 2018 22:44:37 GMT
    Content-Type: text/html
    Content-Length: 173
    Connection: keep-alive
    
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# 
    

    nginx访问控制-限速1

    https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/nginx/git/blob/master/access/limit.md

    可以通过ngx_http_limit_conn_module和ngx_http_limit_req_module模块来实现限速的功能。
    
    ngx_http_limit_conn_module
    该模块主要限制下载速度。
    

    并发限制

    配置示例
    http
    {
        ...
        limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=aming:10m;
        ...
        server
        {
            ...
            limit_conn aming 10;
            ...   
        }
    }
    说明:首先用limit_conn_zone定义了一个内存区块索引aming,大小为10m,它以$binary_remote_addr作为key。
    该配置只能在http里面配置,不支持在server里配置。
    
    limit_conn 定义针对aming这个zone,并发连接为10个。在这需要注意一下,这个10指的是单个IP的并发最多为10个。
    

    速度限制

    location ~ /download/ {
        ...
        limit_rate_after 512k;
        limit_rate 150k;
        ...
    }
    说明:limit_rate_after定义当一个文件下载到指定大小(本例中为512k)之后开始限速;
    limit_rate 定义下载速度为150k/s。
    
    注意:这两个参数针对每个请求限速。
    
    ngx_http_limit_req_module
    该模块主要用来限制请求数。
    

    limit_req_zone 

    语法: limit_req_zone $variable zone=name:size rate=rate;
    默认值: none
    配置段: http
    
    设置一块共享内存限制域用来保存键值的状态参数。 特别是保存了当前超出请求的数量。 
    键的值就是指定的变量(空值不会被计算)。
    如limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:10m rate=1r/s;
    
    说明:区域名称为one,大小为10m,平均处理的请求频率不能超过每秒一次,键值是客户端IP。
    使用$binary_remote_addr变量, 可以将每条状态记录的大小减少到64个字节,这样1M的内存可以保存大约1万6千个64字节的记录。
    如果限制域的存储空间耗尽了,对于后续所有请求,服务器都会返回 503 (Service Temporarily Unavailable)错误。
    速度可以设置为每秒处理请求数和每分钟处理请求数,其值必须是整数,
    所以如果你需要指定每秒处理少于1个的请求,2秒处理一个请求,可以使用 “30r/m”。
    

    limit_req

    语法: limit_req zone=name [burst=number] [nodelay];
    默认值: —
    配置段: http, server, location
    
    设置对应的共享内存限制域和允许被处理的最大请求数阈值。 
    如果请求的频率超过了限制域配置的值,请求处理会被延迟,所以所有的请求都是以定义的频率被处理的。 
    超过频率限制的请求会被延迟,直到被延迟的请求数超过了定义的阈值,
    这时,这个请求会被终止,并返回503 (Service Temporarily Unavailable) 错误。
    
    这个阈值的默认值为0。如:
    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=aming:10m rate=1r/s;
    server {
        location /upload/ {
            limit_req zone=aming burst=5;
        }
    }
    
    限制平均每秒不超过一个请求,同时允许超过频率限制的请求数不多于5个。
    
    如果不希望超过的请求被延迟,可以用nodelay参数,如:
    
    limit_req zone=aming burst=5 nodelay;
    
    示例
    http {
        limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=aming:10m rate=1r/s;
    
        server {
            location  ^~ /download/ {  
                limit_req zone=aming burst=5;
            }
        }
    }
    
    设定白名单IP
    如果是针对公司内部IP或者lo(127.0.0.1)不进行限速,如何做呢?这就要用到geo模块了。
    
    假如,预把127.0.0.1和192.168.100.0/24网段设置为白名单,需要这样做。
    在http { }里面增加:
    geo $limited {
        default 1;
        127.0.0.1/32 0;
        192.168.100.0/24 0;
    }
    
    map $limited $limit {
    	1 $binary_remote_addr;
        0 "";
    }
    
    原来的 “limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr ” 改为“limit_req_zone $limit”
    
    完整示例:
    
    http {
    	geo $limited {
    		default 1;
    		127.0.0.1/32 0;
    		192.168.100.0/24 0;
    	}
    
    	map $limited $limit {
    		1 $binary_remote_addr;
    		0 "";
    	}
        
        limit_req_zone $limit zone=aming:10m rate=1r/s;
    
        server {
            location  ^~ /download/ {  
                limit_req zone=aming burst=5;
            }
        }
    }

    实验:分别添加配置文件

    [root@centos-03 vhost]# vim ../nginx.conf
    http {
        include       mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
        limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=aming:10m;
        limit_conn_status 503;
        limit_conn_log_level error;
        log_format  main  '$remote_addr
    
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# vim 1.conf 
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# cat 1.conf 
    server {
            listen 80;
            server_name www.1.com;
            index index.html;
            root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
            access_log /tmp/1.log;
            location /
            {
                    limit_conn aming 2;
            }
    }
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# 
    
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload                   
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [root@centos-03 vhost]#
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# yum install -y httpd (安装apache支持ab命令)
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# vi /etc/hosts^C
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# cat /etc/hosts
    127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
    ::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
    192.168.242.131 centos-01
    192.168.242.132 centos-02
    192.168.242.133 centos-03
    127.0.0.1 www.1.com (添加host)
    [root@centos-03 vhost]#   

    压测

    [root@centos-03 vhost]# ab -n 5 -c 5 http://www.1.com/
    This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1430300 $>
    Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
    Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
    
    Benchmarking www.1.com (be patient).....done
    
    
    Server Software:        nginx/1.14.0
    Server Hostname:        www.1.com
    Server Port:            80
    
    Document Path:          /
    Document Length:        10 bytes
    
    Concurrency Level:      5
    Time taken for tests:   0.002 seconds
    Complete requests:      5
    Failed requests:        0
    Write errors:           0
    Total transferred:      1200 bytes
    HTML transferred:       50 bytes
    Requests per second:    2403.85 [#/sec] (mean)
    Time per request:       2.080 [ms] (mean)
    Time per request:       0.416 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
    Transfer rate:          563.40 [Kbytes/sec] received
    
    Connection Times (ms)
                  min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
    Connect:        0    0   0.1      0       0
    Processing:     1    1   0.1      1       1
    Waiting:        1    1   0.0      1       1
    Total:          1    1   0.1      1       1
    
    Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
      50%      1
      66%      1
      75%      1
      80%      1
      90%      1
      95%      1
      98%      1
      99%      1
     100%      1 (longest request)
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# 
    
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# cat /tmp/1.log (效果不明显文件太小了无压力)
    127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:07:20:24 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 10 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
    127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:07:20:24 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 10 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
    127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:07:20:24 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 10 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
    127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:07:20:24 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 10 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
    127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:07:20:24 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 10 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
    [root@centos-03 vhost]#
    
    127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:07:52:39 +0800] "GET /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm HTTP/1.0" 503 213 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
    127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:07:52:39 +0800] "GET /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm HTTP/1.0" 503 213 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
    127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:07:52:39 +0800] "GET /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm HTTP/1.0" 200 12799471 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
    127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:07:52:39 +0800] "GET /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm HTTP/1.0" 200 12799471 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
    [root@centos-03 www.1.com]#
    

     nginx访问控制-限速2

    1.限制速度添加配置选项

    [root@centos-03 vhost]# vim 1.conf ^C
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# cat 1.conf 
    server {
            listen 80;
            server_name www.1.com;
            index index.html;
            root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
            access_log /tmp/1.log;
            location /
            {
                    #limit_conn aming 2;
                    limit_rate 10k;
            }
    }
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# 
    
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# 

    2.浏览器测试下载速度,在本地添加host配置

    3.下载速度变成每秒10k左右

    4.改为限制为1000试试

            access_log /tmp/1.log;
            location /
            {
                    #limit_conn aming 2;
                    limit_rate 1000k;
            }
    
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t       
    nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
    nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# 
    

      

    nginx访问控制-限速3

    1.添加配置文件

    [root@centos-03 vhost]# vim ../nginx.conf
    http {
        include       mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
        limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=aming:10m;
        limit_conn_status 503;
        limit_conn_log_level error;
        limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=aming1:10m rate=2r/s;
    
        log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                          '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                          '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for" $host $server_port';
    

    2.配置虚拟主机配置文件

    [root@centos-03 vhost]# vim 1.conf 
    server {
            listen 80;
            server_name www.1.com;
            index index.html;
            root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
            access_log /tmp/1.log;
            #location /
            #{
                    #limit_conn aming 2;
                    #limit_rate 1000k;
            #}
            limit_req zone=aming1 burst=5;        
    }
    

    3.ab请求测试

    [root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# ab -n 10 -c 10 http://www.1.com/filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm
    This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1430300 $>
    Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
    Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
    
    Benchmarking www.1.com (be patient).....done
    
    
    Server Software:        nginx/1.14.0
    Server Hostname:        www.1.com
    Server Port:            80
    
    Document Path:          /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm
    Document Length:        213 bytes
    
    Concurrency Level:      10
    Time taken for tests:   2.509 seconds
    Complete requests:      10
    Failed requests:        6
       (Connect: 0, Receive: 0, Length: 6, Exceptions: 0)
    Write errors:           0
    Non-2xx responses:      4
    Total transferred:      76799974 bytes
    HTML transferred:       76797678 bytes
    Requests per second:    3.98 [#/sec] (mean)
    Time per request:       2509.443 [ms] (mean)
    Time per request:       250.944 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
    Transfer rate:          29887.10 [Kbytes/sec] received
    
    Connection Times (ms)
                  min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
    Connect:        0    0   0.1      0       0
    Processing:     2  756 952.9    507    2508
    Waiting:        1  752 950.0    501    2502
    Total:          2  756 952.9    507    2508
    
    Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
      50%    507
      66%   1008
      75%   1508
      80%   2012
      90%   2508
      95%   2508
      98%   2508
      99%   2508
     100%   2508 (longest request)
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# 
    

    4.查看日志

    [root@centos-03 vhost]# tail -n 10 /tmp/1.log 
    127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:08:28:20 +0800] "GET /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm HTTP/1.0" 503 213 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
    127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:08:28:20 +0800] "GET /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm HTTP/1.0" 503 213 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
    127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:08:28:20 +0800] "GET /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm HTTP/1.0" 503 213 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
    127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:08:28:20 +0800] "GET /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm HTTP/1.0" 503 213 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
    127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:08:28:20 +0800] "GET /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm HTTP/1.0" 200 12799471 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
    127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:08:28:20 +0800] "GET /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm HTTP/1.0" 200 12799471 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
    127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:08:28:21 +0800] "GET /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm HTTP/1.0" 200 12799471 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
    127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:08:28:21 +0800] "GET /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm HTTP/1.0" 200 12799471 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
    127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:08:28:22 +0800] "GET /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm HTTP/1.0" 200 12799471 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
    127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:08:28:22 +0800] "GET /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm HTTP/1.0" 200 12799471 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# 
    

    5.添加nodelay(这样限速就不受影响了)

    [root@centos-03 vhost]# vim 1.conf 
    
    server {
            listen 80;
            server_name www.1.com;
            index index.html;
            root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
            access_log /tmp/1.log;
            #location /
            #{
                    #limit_conn aming 2;
                    #limit_rate 1000k;
            #}
            limit_req zone=aming1 burst=5 nodelay;
    }
    

    6.ab测试瞬间完成(生产环境中不建议加nodelay)

    [root@centos-03 vhost]# !ab
    ab -n 10 -c 10 http://www.1.com/filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm
    This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1430300 $>
    Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
    Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
    
    Benchmarking www.1.com (be patient).....done
    
    
    Server Software:        nginx/1.14.0
    Server Hostname:        www.1.com
    Server Port:            80
    
    Document Path:          /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm
    Document Length:        213 bytes
    
    Concurrency Level:      10
    Time taken for tests:   0.021 seconds
    Complete requests:      10
    Failed requests:        6
       (Connect: 0, Receive: 0, Length: 6, Exceptions: 0)
    Write errors:           0
    Non-2xx responses:      4
    Total transferred:      76799974 bytes
    HTML transferred:       76797678 bytes
    Requests per second:    469.04 [#/sec] (mean)
    Time per request:       21.320 [ms] (mean)
    Time per request:       2.132 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
    Transfer rate:          3517822.45 [Kbytes/sec] received
    
    Connection Times (ms)
                  min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
    Connect:        0    0   0.1      0       0
    Processing:     4   14   7.9     20      20
    Waiting:        1    4   1.2      4       4
    Total:          5   14   7.9     20      20
    
    Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
      50%     20
      66%     20
      75%     20
      80%     20
      90%     20
      95%     20
      98%     20
      99%     20
     100%     20 (longest request)
    [root@centos-03 vhost]# 
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/sunyujun/p/9443829.html
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