• Java 线程 — ThreadPoolExecutor


    线程池

    线程池处理流程

    • 核心线程池:创建新线程执行任务,需要获取全局锁
    • 队列:将新来的任务加入队列
    • 线程池:大于corePoolSize,并且队列已满,小于maxPoolSize,创建新的worker执行任务
    • 线程池已满(达到max)处理策略:大于线程最大处理能力,大于maxPoolSize,选择拒绝策略

    尽可能避免获取全局锁,corePoolSize就是这个作用,线程池开始处理任务,预热达到corePoolSize之后,将新来的任务放入队列

    execute

    public void execute(Runnable command) {
        if (command == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        // ctl是一个AtomInteger,低29为表示线程数workerCount,高3位表示线程池运行状态runState
        int c = ctl.get();
        // 当前前程数小于核心线程数corePoolSize,新建核心线程处理任务
        if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
        	// 第二个参数为true表示新建的核心线程
            if (addWorker(command, true))
                return;
            c = ctl.get();
        }
        // 如果超过核心线程数,则尝试放入队列中
        if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
            int recheck = ctl.get();
            if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
                reject(command);
            else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
                addWorker(null, false);
        }
        // 如果放入队列失败(队列已满),则新建线程处理任务,第二个参数为false表示新建的是非核心线程
        else if (!addWorker(command, false))
        	// 如果已经超过最大线程数,采取相应的拒绝策略
            reject(command);
    }
    
    // 第一个参数是需要运行的任务
    // 第二个参数是为了区分核心线程和非核心线程,用来确定线程池的边界是corePoolSize还是maxPoolSize
    // 本方法的作用就是新建一个worker线程并启动
    private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {
        retry:
        for (;;) {
            int c = ctl.get();
            int rs = runStateOf(c);
    
            // Check if queue empty only if necessary.
            if (rs >= SHUTDOWN &&
                ! (rs == SHUTDOWN &&
                   firstTask == null &&
                   ! workQueue.isEmpty()))
                return false;
    
    		// 循环确保CAS操作成功
            for (;;) {
                int wc = workerCountOf(c);
                if (wc >= CAPACITY ||
                    wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize))
                    return false;
                // 成功增加workerCount则跳出外层循环,开始新建线程
                if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))
                    break retry;
                c = ctl.get();  // Re-read ctl
                if (runStateOf(c) != rs)
                    continue retry;
                // else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop
            }
        }
    
        boolean workerStarted = false;
        boolean workerAdded = false;
        Worker w = null;
        try {
            final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
            // 新建worker线程
            w = new Worker(firstTask);
            final Thread t = w.thread;
            if (t != null) {
            	// 可重入锁,加锁
                mainLock.lock();
                try {
                    // Recheck while holding lock.
                    // Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if
                    // shut down before lock acquired.
                    int c = ctl.get();
                    int rs = runStateOf(c);
    
                    if (rs < SHUTDOWN ||
                        (rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null)) {
                        if (t.isAlive()) // precheck that t is startable
                            throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
                        // 将新建的线程放入线程池中,其实就是一个HashSet
                        workers.add(w);
                        int s = workers.size();
                        if (s > largestPoolSize)
                            largestPoolSize = s;
                        workerAdded = true;
                    }
                } finally {
                    mainLock.unlock();
                }
                if (workerAdded) {
                	// 如果成功加入线程池则启动线程
                    t.start();
                    workerStarted = true;
                }
            }
        } finally {
            if (! workerStarted)
                addWorkerFailed(w);
        }
        // 返回线程是否启动成功
        return workerStarted;
    }
    
    

    创建线程

    // 在addWorker中新建线程
    w = new Worker(firstTask);
    
    // Worker的构造方法
    Worker(Runnable firstTask) {
        setState(-1); // inhibit interrupts until runWorker
        this.firstTask = firstTask;
        this.thread = getThreadFactory().newThread(this);
    }
    
    // 这里以ThreadFactory的一个实现DefaultThreadFactory为例
    DefaultThreadFactory() {
        SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();
        // 新建一个线程组,线程池中所有线程都由线程组统一管理
        group = (s != null) ? s.getThreadGroup() :
                              Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup();
        namePrefix = "pool-" +
                      poolNumber.getAndIncrement() +
                     "-thread-";
    }
    
    // 新建线程
    public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
    	// 新建的线程属于线程组group,r为Worker对象
        Thread t = new Thread(group, r,
                              namePrefix + threadNumber.getAndIncrement(),
                              0);
        if (t.isDaemon())
            t.setDaemon(false);
        if (t.getPriority() != Thread.NORM_PRIORITY)
            t.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY);
        return t;
    }
    
    

    线程池中的worker线程执行任务

    // 在addWorker中会启动worker线程
    if (workerAdded) {
        t.start();
        workerStarted = true;
    }
    
    // 线程启动之后会执行worker的run方法
    // 调用外部类ThreadPoolExecutor的runWorker方法
    public void run() {
        runWorker(this);
    }
    
    // runWorker,worker线程循环执行来自workerQueue的任务(除firstTask外)
    final void runWorker(Worker w) {
        Thread wt = Thread.currentThread();
        // 新建线程以后会执行第一个任务,新建Worker线程的时候传入的任务
        Runnable task = w.firstTask;
        w.firstTask = null;
        w.unlock(); // allow interrupts
        boolean completedAbruptly = true;
        try {
        	// worker不断从workerQueue中getTask执行,
            // 如果没有获取任务并且返回,则while循环结束,worker线程结束
            while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null) {
                w.lock();
                // If pool is stopping, ensure thread is interrupted;
                // if not, ensure thread is not interrupted.  This
                // requires a recheck in second case to deal with
                // shutdownNow race while clearing interrupt
                if ((runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP) ||
                     (Thread.interrupted() &&
                      runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP))) &&
                    !wt.isInterrupted())
                    wt.interrupt();
                try {
                    beforeExecute(wt, task);
                    Throwable thrown = null;
                    try {
                    	// 调用run方法执行
                        task.run();
                    } catch (RuntimeException x) {
                        thrown = x; throw x;
                    } catch (Error x) {
                        thrown = x; throw x;
                    } catch (Throwable x) {
                        thrown = x; throw new Error(x);
                    } finally {
                        afterExecute(task, thrown);
                    }
                } finally {
                    task = null;
                    w.completedTasks++;
                    w.unlock();
                }
            }
            completedAbruptly = false;
        } finally {
            processWorkerExit(w, completedAbruptly);
        }
    }
    
    // 从workerQueue中获取task,workerQueue是BlockingQueue
    // 如果返回null,则会导致worker线程结束
    private Runnable getTask() {
        boolean timedOut = false; // Did the last poll() time out?
    
        retry:
        for (;;) {
            int c = ctl.get();
            int rs = runStateOf(c);
    
            // Check if queue empty only if necessary.
            if (rs >= SHUTDOWN && (rs >= STOP || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
                decrementWorkerCount();
                return null;
            }
    
    		// 决定没有任务的时候线程是结束还是等待任务
            boolean timed;      // Are workers subject to culling?
    
            for (;;) {
                int wc = workerCountOf(c);
                // 当allowCoreThreadTimeOut为true或者当前线程数大于核心线程数的时候timed为true
                // allowCoreThreadTimeOut为true:允许线程没有任务的时候超时退出
                // wc > corePoolSize:表示当前线程数足够,可以结束,以维持核心线程数
                timed = allowCoreThreadTimeOut || wc > corePoolSize;
    
                if (wc <= maximumPoolSize && ! (timedOut && timed))
                    break;
                if (compareAndDecrementWorkerCount(c))
                    return null;
                c = ctl.get();  // Re-read ctl
                if (runStateOf(c) != rs)
                    continue retry;
                // else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop
            }
    
            try {
            	// workQueue.poll:等待keepAliveTime纳秒之后,如果获取到则返回任务,否则返回null
                // workQueue.take:如果没有获取到任务,线程会一直阻塞,直到被唤醒(什么时候会被唤醒:新加入task的时候,poll后队列中元素数依然大于1个,队列中元素数等于capacity),所以take如果返回的话一定是非空的
                Runnable r = timed ?
                    workQueue.poll(keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) :
                    workQueue.take();
                if (r != null)
                    return r;
                timedOut = true;
            } catch (InterruptedException retry) {
                timedOut = false;
            }
        }
    }
    

    线程池满之后的拒绝策略

    CallerRunsPolicy

    直接在调用线程池所在的线程运行(调用)

    public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
        if (!e.isShutdown()) {
        	// 直接调用run方法
            r.run();
        }
    }
    

    AbortPolicy

    throw Exception

    public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
        throw new RejectedExecutionException("Task " + r.toString() +
                                             " rejected from " +
                                             e.toString());
    }
    

    DiscardPolicy

    直接丢弃,不做任何操作

    public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
    }
    

    DiscardOldestPolicy

    丢弃最老任务的策略

    public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
        if (!e.isShutdown()) {
        	// 移除第一个任务,也就是最老(最先进来的)任务
            e.getQueue().poll();
            // 执行当前传入的任务
            e.execute(r);
        }
    }
    

    问题

    线程池的“池”体现在哪里

    • 平时使用线程都是直接继承Thread然后,调用start,然后Thread.start通过native调用创建新的线程并回调自己定义的run方法,所以每次调用一次run方法都需要新建一个线程
    • 线程池就是,启动一个线程(Worker)调用完一个run(直接调用,不再通过Thread.start)方法之后并不会立即退出,会运行在队列中等待的其他run方法(这里是循环,从队列中获取),如果队列中没有需要继续运行的线程则当前worker线程会休眠
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/sunshine-2015/p/6080174.html
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