FFmpeg音视频编解码实践总结

PS:由于目前开发RTSP服务器 传输模块时用到了h264文件，所以攻了一段时间去实现h264的视频编解码，借用FFmpeg SDK实现了任意文件格式之间的转换，并实现了流媒体实时播放，目前音视频同步需要稍加完善，视频编码代码已成功移植到Visual Stdio平台，如有需要的留下邮箱

以下文档来自FFmpeg工程组(http://www.ffmpeg.com.cn/index.php开发事例)

实现转码一个普通视频文件为视频mpeg4,音频mp3的功能的程序

本程序源引自FFmpeg工程组，实现转码一个普通视频文件为视频mpeg4,音频mp3的功能

#include <avcodec.h>
#include <avformat.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <avutil.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
main(int argc,char **argv)
{   
  const char *input_file_name="/root/movies/ddh1.mpg";
  av_register_all();//注册库中所有可用的文件格式和编码器
  AVFormatContext *ic;
  //输入文件处理部分
  ic=av_alloc_format_context();
  if(av_open_input_file(&ic,input_file_name,NULL,0,NULL)!=0)
  {
     printf("can't open the file %s
",input_file_name);
     exit(1);
  }//打开输入文件
  if(av_find_stream_info(ic)<0)
  {
     printf("can't find suitable codec parameters
");
     exit(1);
  }//取出流信息
  dump_format(ic,0,input_file_name,0);//列出输入文件的相关流信息
  int i;
  int videoindex=-1;int audioindex=-1;
  for(i=0;i<ic->nb_streams;i++)
  {    
     if(ic->streams[i]->codec->codec_type==CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO)
         {
            videoindex=i;
          //printf("video
");
         }
         else if(ic->streams[i]->codec->codec_type==CODEC_TYPE_AUDIO)
         {
          //printf("audio
");
            audioindex=i;
         }
  }
   if(videoindex==-1)
   {
          printf("can't find video stream
");
          exit(1);
   }//没有找到视频流
  AVCodecContext *vCodecCtx;
  vCodecCtx=ic->streams[videoindex]->codec;//取得视频流编码上下文指针
  AVCodec *vCodec;
  vCodec=avcodec_find_decoder(vCodecCtx->codec_id);
  if(vCodec==NULL)
  {
     printf("can't find suitable video decoder
");
     exit(1);
  }//找到合适的视频解码器
  if(avcodec_open(vCodecCtx,vCodec)<0)
  {
     printf("can't open the video decoder
");
     exit(1);
  }//打开该视频解码器
   if(audioindex==-1)
     {
        printf("can't find audio stream
");
        exit(1);
     }//没有找到音频流
  AVCodecContext *aCodecCtx;
  aCodecCtx=ic->streams[audioindex]->codec;
  AVCodec *aCodec;
  aCodec=avcodec_find_decoder(aCodecCtx->codec_id);
  if(aCodec==NULL)
  {
     printf("can't find suitable audio decoder
");
     exit(1);
  }//找到合适的音频解码器
  if(avcodec_open(aCodecCtx,aCodec)<0)
  {
     printf("can't open the audio decoder
");
     exit(1);
  }//打开该音频解码器
//下面为输出文件处理部分
    const char *output_file_name="/root/123.avi";
    AVOutputFormat *fmt;
    AVFormatContext *oc;
    AVCodecContext *oVcc,*oAcc;
    AVCodec *oVc,*oAc;
    AVStream *video_st,*audio_st;
    AVFrame *oVFrame,*oAFrame;
    double video_pts;
    oVFrame=avcodec_alloc_frame();
    fmt=guess_format(NULL,output_file_name,NULL);
    if(!fmt)
    {
           printf("could not deduce output format from outfile extension
");
           exit(0);
    }//判断是否可以判断输出文件的编码格式
    oc=av_alloc_format_context();
    if(!oc)
    {
           printf("Memory error
");
           exit(0);
    }
    oc->oformat=fmt;
    pstrcpy(oc->filename,sizeof(oc->filename),output_file_name);
    video_st=av_new_stream(oc,0);
    if(!video_st)
    {
          printf("could not alloc video stream
");
          exit(0);
    }
    oVcc=avcodec_alloc_context();
    oVcc=video_st->codec;
    oVcc->codec_id=CODEC_ID_MPEG4;
    oVcc->codec_type=CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO;
    oVcc->bit_rate=2500000;
    oVcc->width=704;
    oVcc->height=480;
    oVcc->time_base=vCodecCtx->time_base;
    oVcc->gop_size=vCodecCtx->gop_size;
    //oVcc->pix_fmt=vCodecCtx->pix_fmt;
    oVcc->pix_fmt=vCodecCtx->pix_fmt;
    oVcc->max_b_frames=vCodecCtx->max_b_frames;
    video_st->r_frame_rate=ic->streams[videoindex]->r_frame_rate;
    audio_st=av_new_stream(oc,oc->nb_streams);
    if(!audio_st)
    {
           printf("could not alloc audio stream
");
           exit(0);
    }  
    avcodec_get_context_defaults2(audio_st->codec,CODEC_TYPE_AUDIO);
    oAcc=avcodec_alloc_context();
    oAcc=audio_st->codec;
    oAcc->codec_id=CODEC_ID_MP3;
    oAcc->codec_type=CODEC_TYPE_AUDIO;
    oAcc->bit_rate=aCodecCtx->bit_rate;
    oAcc->sample_rate=aCodecCtx->sample_rate;
    oAcc->channels=2;
    if (av_set_parameters(oc, NULL) < 0) 
    {
           printf( "Invalid output format parameters
");                         
              exit(0);                               
    }//设置必要的输出参数
    strcpy(oc->title,ic->title);
    strcpy(oc->author,ic->author);
    strcpy(oc->copyright,ic->copyright);
    strcpy(oc->comment,ic->comment);
    strcpy(oc->album,ic->album);
    oc->year=ic->year;
    oc->track=ic->track;
    strcpy(oc->genre,ic->genre);
    dump_format(oc,0,output_file_name,1);//列出输出文件的相关流信息
    oVc=avcodec_find_encoder(CODEC_ID_MPEG4);
    if(!oVc)
    {
       printf("can't find suitable video encoder
");
           exit(0);
    }//找到合适的视频编码器
    if(avcodec_open(oVcc,oVc)<0)
    {
           printf("can't open the output video codec
");
           exit(0);
    }//打开视频编码器
    oAc=avcodec_find_encoder(CODEC_ID_MP3);
    if(!oAc)
    {
           printf("can't find suitable audio encoder
");
           exit(0);
    }//找到合适的音频编码器
    if(avcodec_open(oAcc,oAc)<0)
    {
           printf("can't open the output audio codec");
           exit(0);
    }//打开音频编码器
    /*if(url_exist(output_file_name))    {       printf("the output file name %s has exist,please select other
",output_file_name);       exit(0);    }//判断该输出文件是否已经存在*/    if (!(oc->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE))    {       if(url_fopen(&oc->pb,output_file_name,URL_WRONLY)<0)       {              printf("can't open the output file %s
",output_file_name);              exit(0);       }//打开输出文件    }    if(!oc->nb_streams)    {           fprintf(stderr,"output file dose not contain any stream
");           exit(0);    }//查看输出文件是否含有流信息  if(av_write_header(oc)<0)  {      fprintf(stderr, "Could not write header for output file
");      exit(1);  }[/i][/i]AVPacket packet;  uint8_t *ptr,*out_buf;  int out_size;  static short *samples=NULL;  static unsigned int samples_size=0;  uint8_t *video_outbuf,*audio_outbuf;int video_outbuf_size,audio_outbuf_size;  video_outbuf_size=400000;  video_outbuf= (unsigned char *) malloc(video_outbuf_size);  audio_outbuf_size = 10000;  audio_outbuf = av_malloc(audio_outbuf_size);  int flag;int frameFinished;int len;int frame_index=0,ret;          while(av_read_frame(ic,&packet)>=0)//从输入文件中读取一个包       {          if(packet.stream_index==videoindex)//判断是否为当前视频流中的包          {         len=avcodec_decode_video(vCodecCtx,oVFrame,&frameFinished,packet.data,packet.size);//若为视频包，解码该视频包                 if(len<0)                 {                    printf("Error while decoding
");                    exit(0);                 }         if(frameFinished)//判断视频祯是否读完         {             fflush(stdout);             oVFrame->pts=av_rescale(frame_index,AV_TIME_BASE*(int64_t)oVcc->time_base.num,oVcc->time_base.den);             oVFrame->pict_type=0;             out_size = avcodec_encode_video(oVcc, video_outbuf, video_outbuf_size, oVFrame);                if (out_size > 0)                         {                                    AVPacket pkt;                                av_init_packet(&pkt);                                                if(oVcc->coded_frame && oVcc->coded_frame->key_frame)                                                            pkt.flags |= PKT_FLAG_KEY;                                                             pkt.flags = packet.flags;                                           pkt.stream_index= video_st->index;                                                                    pkt.data= video_outbuf;                                                                              pkt.size= out_size;                                                                  ret=av_write_frame(oc, &pkt);                                                    }             frame_index++;         }         else             ret=av_write_frame(oc, &packet);                     //img_convert((AVPicture *)vFrame, PIX_FMT_RGB24, (AVPicture*)oVFrame, oVcc->pix_fmt,oVcc->width,oVcc->height);            //SaveFrame(vFrame,oVcc->width,oVcc->height,frame_index);                     if(ret!=0)                    {                      printf("while write video frame error
");                      exit(0);                    }          }          else if(packet.stream_index==audioindex)      {         len=packet.size;         ptr=packet.data;             int ret=0;             while(len>0)             {                    out_buf=NULL;                    out_size=0;                    if(&packet)               samples=av_fast_realloc(samples,&samples_size,FFMAX(packet.size*sizeof(*samples),AVCODEC_MAX_AUDIO_FRAME_SIZE));                    out_size=samples_size;                    ret=avcodec_decode_audio(aCodecCtx,samples,&out_size,ptr,len);//若为音频包，解码该音频包                    if(ret<0)                    {                       printf("while decode audio failure
");                       exit(0);                    }            fflush(stdout);            ptr+=ret;            len-=ret;            if(out_size<=0)               continue;            out_buf=(uint8_t *)samples;            AVPacket pkt;            av_init_packet(&pkt);            pkt.size= avcodec_encode_audio(oAcc, audio_outbuf, audio_outbuf_size, out_buf);            pkt.pts= av_rescale_q(oAcc->coded_frame->pts, oAcc->time_base, audio_st->time_base);            pkt.flags |= PKT_FLAG_KEY;            pkt.stream_index= audioindex;            pkt.data= audio_outbuf;            if (av_write_frame(oc, &pkt) != 0)             {               fprintf(stderr, "Error while writing audio frame
");               exit(1);                }         }          }           av_free_packet(&packet);       } av_write_trailer(oc);for(i = 0; i < oc->nb_streams; i++) {              av_freep(&oc->streams[i]->codec);                         av_freep(&oc->streams[i]);                           }url_fclose(oc);av_free(oc);av_free(oVFrame);av_free(out_buf);avcodec_close(vCodecCtx);avcodec_close(aCodecCtx);av_close_input_file(ic);}

最近一直很忙  花时间整理了一份  希望大家多多交流ffmpeg视频编解码方面的知识  接下来会抽时间总结一篇RTP传输协议的文章  好了  废话不说  附上链接自己下载

source download:  http://files.cnblogs.com/msopengl/ffmpegh264codec.rar

来源：http://www.cnblogs.com/msopengl/archive/2011/12/25/2301382.html