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oracle,sqlserver都提供了窗口函数,但是在mysql5.5和5.6都没有提供窗口函数!
窗口函数: 窗口+函数
- 窗口: 函数运行时计算的数据集的范围
- 函数: 运行的函数!
仅仅支持以下函数:
Windowing functions
- LEAD (scalar_expression [,offset] [,default]): 返回当前行以下N行的指定列的列值!如果找不到,就采用默认值
- LAG (scalar_expression [,offset] [,default]): 返回当前行以上N行的指定列的列值!如果找不到,就采用默认值
- FIRST_VALUE(列名,[false(默认)]):返回当前窗口指定列的第一个值,第二个参数如果为true,代表加入第一个值为null,跳过空值,继续寻找!
- LAST_VALUE(列名,[false(默认)]):返回当前窗口指定列的最后一个值,第二个参数如果为true,代表加入第一个值为null,跳过空值,继续寻找!
统计类的函数(一般都需要结合over使用):min,max,avg,sum,count
排名分析:
- RANK
- ROW_NUMBER
- DENSE_RANK
- CUME_DIST
- PERCENT_RANK
- NTILE
注意:不是所有的函数在运行都是可以通过改变窗口的大小,来控制计算的数据集的范围!所有的排名函数和LAG,LEAD,支持使用over(),但是在over()中不能定义 window_clause
格式: 函数 over( partition by 字段 ,order by 字段 window_clause )
窗口的大小可以通过windows_clause来指定:
(rows | range) between (unbounded | [num]) preceding and ([num] preceding | current row | (unbounded | [num]) following)
(rows | range) between current row and (current row | (unbounded | [num]) following)
(rows | range) between [num] following and (unbounded | [num]) following
特殊情况:
- ①在over()中既没有出现windows_clause,也没有出现order by,窗口默认为rows between UNBOUNDED PRECEDING and UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
- ②在over()中(没有出现windows_clause),指定了order by,窗口默认为rows between UNBOUNDED PRECEDING and CURRENT ROW
窗口函数和分组有什么区别?
- ①如果是分组操作,select后只能写分组后的字段
- ②如果是窗口函数,窗口函数是在指定的窗口内,对每条记录都执行一次函数
- ③如果是分组操作,有去重效果,而partition不去重!
练习
(9) 查询前20%时间的订单信息
精确算法:
select *
from
(select name,orderdate,cost,cume_dist() over(order by orderdate ) cdnum
from business) tmp
where cdnum<=0.2
不精确计算:
select *
from
(select name,orderdate,cost,ntile(5) over(order by orderdate ) cdnum
from business) tmp
where cdnum=1
(8)查询顾客的购买明细及顾客最近三次cost花费
最近三次: 当前和之前两次 或 当前+前一次+后一次
当前和之前两次:
select name,orderdate,cost,sum(cost) over(partition by name order by orderdate rows between 2 PRECEDING and CURRENT row)
from business
当前+前一次+后一次:
select name,orderdate,cost,sum(cost) over(partition by name order by orderdate rows between 1 PRECEDING and 1 FOLLOWING)
from business
或
select name,orderdate,cost,cost+
lag(cost,1,0) over(partition by name order by orderdate )+
lead(cost,1,0) over(partition by name order by orderdate )
from business
(7) 查询顾客的购买明细及顾客本月最后一次购买的时间
select name,orderdate,cost,LAST_VALUE(orderdate,true) over(partition by name,substring(orderdate,1,7) order by orderdate rows between CURRENT row and UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
from business
(6) 查询顾客的购买明细及顾客本月第一次购买的时间
select name,orderdate,cost,FIRST_VALUE(orderdate,true) over(partition by name,substring(orderdate,1,7) order by orderdate )
from business
(5) 查询顾客的购买明细及顾客下次的购买时间
select name,orderdate,cost,lead(orderdate,1,'无数据') over(partition by name order by orderdate )
from business
(4)查询顾客的购买明细及顾客上次的购买时间
select name,orderdate,cost,lag(orderdate,1,'无数据') over(partition by name order by orderdate )
from business
(3)查询顾客的购买明细要将cost按照日期进行累加
select name,orderdate,cost,sum(cost) over(partition by name order by orderdate )
from business
(2)查询顾客的购买明细及月购买总额
select name,orderdate,cost,sum(cost) over(partition by name,substring(orderdate,1,7) )
from business
(1)查询在2017年4月份购买过的顾客及总人数
select name,count(*) over(rows between UNBOUNDED PRECEDING and UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
from business
where substring(orderdate,1,7)='2017-04'
group by name
等价于
select name,count(*) over()
from business
where substring(orderdate,1,7)='2017-04'
group by name