• IOS开发-KVO


    一、什么是kvo?

    key-value observing,观察者模式

    观察者,观察对象属性的变化,当被观察者该属性发生变化时,观察者会接收到通知,可以在回调函数中做相应的处理

    二、有什么作用?

    变化处理操作可以在同一个函数中进行,先前本人都会在每次修改属性值的地方调用后续操作,比较繁琐,修改的地方也比较多,现在只要在同一个函数中操作就可以

    用kvo只要做监控就行,更加方便易用,减少代码逻辑

    三、使用场景:

    当一个控件某个属性变化需要做别的相应操作时,比较适合用kvo,只要当该属性发生变化时,会发消息给观察者,在回调函数中做相应的操作

    四、实际例子:

    一)解释方法: 

    typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, NSKeyValueObservingOptions) {  
        NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew = 0x01,//改变后的值  
        NSKeyValueObservingOptionOld = 0x02,//改变前的值  
        NSKeyValueObservingOptionInitial NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0) = 0x04, //addobserving之后会马上调用observeValueForKeyPath,不会等到值改变  
        NSKeyValueObservingOptionPrior NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0) = 0x08   //分2次调用。在值改变之前和值改变之后  
    };  

    NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew = 0x01,//改变后的值
    NSKeyValueObservingOptionOld = 0x02,//改变前的值
    这两个用到的比较多
    NSObject(NSKeyValueObserving)  
    //一旦被观察者属性发生改变,就会调用此方法后续操作在这个方法中进行  
    - (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary *)change context:(void *)context; 

    keyPath:是被观察对象的属性,字符串表示

    object:被观察对象

    change:属性改变的值,字典,通过 objectForKey (key为

    FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString *const NSKeyValueChangeKindKey;

    FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString *const NSKeyValueChangeNewKey;

    FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString *const NSKeyValueChangeOldKey;

    FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString *const NSKeyValueChangeIndexesKey;

    FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString *const NSKeyValueChangeNotificationIsPriorKey NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);

    对应addobserving指定的NSKeyValueObservingOptions

    context:需要传输的数据(void *:任意指针类型),一般传(__bridgevoid*)self 或者 nil,用户也能传别的

    for example:

    - (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary *)change context:(void *)context {  
       if (context == (__bridge void*)self) {  
            if ([keyPath isEqualToString:kKeyPathForNavigationItemRightBarButtonItems]) {  
                //取值  
                NSArray *rightBarButtonItems = [change objectForKey:NSKeyValueChangeNewKey];  
                //需要做操作  
                self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItems = rightBarButtonItems;  
            }  
        }  
       else {  
            [super observeValueForKeyPath:keyPath ofObject:objectchange:changecontext:context];  
        }  
    } 

    --------------------------------------------

    二)接口方法

    NSObject(NSKeyValueObserverRegistration)  
      
    - (void)addObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath options:(NSKeyValueObservingOptions)options context:(void *)context;  
    - (void)removeObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath context:(void *)context NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 5_0);  
    - (void)removeObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath;  
      
    NSArray(NSKeyValueObserverRegistration)  
    - (void)addObserver:(NSObject *)observer toObjectsAtIndexes:(NSIndexSet *)indexes forKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath options:(NSKeyValueObservingOptions)options context:(void *)context;  
    - (void)removeObserver:(NSObject *)observer fromObjectsAtIndexes:(NSIndexSet *)indexes forKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath context:(void *)contextNS_AVAILABLE(10_7,5_0);  
    - (void)removeObserver:(NSObject *)observer fromObjectsAtIndexes:(NSIndexSet *)indexes forKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath;  
    - (void)addObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath options:(NSKeyValueObservingOptions)options context:(void *)context;  
    - (void)removeObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath context:(void *)context NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 5_0);  
    - (void)removeObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath;  
      
    NSOrderedSet(NSKeyValueObserverRegistration)  
    - (void)addObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath options:(NSKeyValueObservingOptions)options context:(void *)context;  
    - (void)removeObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath context:(void *)context NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 5_0);  
    - (void)removeObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath;  
      
      
    NSSet(NSKeyValueObserverRegistration)  
    - (void)addObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath options:(NSKeyValueObservingOptions)options context:(void *)context;  
    - (void)removeObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath context:(void *)context NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 5_0);  
    - (void)removeObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath;  
      
      
    NSObject(NSKeyValueObserverNotification)  
    //这些方法都为了手动通知用到  
    - (void)willChangeValueForKey:(NSString *)key;   
    - (void)didChangeValueForKey:(NSString *)key;  
    - (void)willChange:(NSKeyValueChange)changeKind valuesAtIndexes:(NSIndexSet *)indexes forKey:(NSString *)key;  
    - (void)didChange:(NSKeyValueChange)changeKind valuesAtIndexes:(NSIndexSet *)indexes forKey:(NSString *)key;  
    - (void)willChangeValueForKey:(NSString *)key withSetMutation:(NSKeyValueSetMutationKind)mutationKind usingObjects:(NSSet *)objects;  
    - (void)didChangeValueForKey:(NSString *)key withSetMutation:(NSKeyValueSetMutationKind)mutationKind usingObjects:(NSSet *)objects;  
      
      
    NSObject(NSKeyValueObservingCustomization)  
    + (NSSet *)keyPathsForValuesAffectingValueForKey:(NSString *)keyNS_AVAILABLE(10_5,2_0);  
    + (BOOL)automaticallyNotifiesObserversForKey:(NSString *)key;  
    ** addObserver和removeObserver要成对出现

     -----------------------------------------------------------------------

     
    **手动通知:
     
    有两种通知观察者的方式,自动通知和手动通知。顾名思义,手动通知需要在值变化时调用 willChangeValueForKey:和didChangeValueForKey: 方法通知调用者。为求简便,我们一般使用自动通知。

    要使用手动通知,需要在 automaticallyNotifiesObserversForKey方法中明确告诉cocoa,哪些键值要使用手动通知:

    forExample:

    [self willChangeValueForKey:@"frame"];
    self.frame = CGRectMake(0,0,320,100);
    [self didChangeValueForKey:@"frame"];

    这时候就会调用

    - (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary *)change context:(void *)context;  
    
    
    //重新实现NSObject类中的automaticallyNotifiesObserversForKey:方法,返回yes表示自动通知。  
    + (BOOL)automaticallyNotifiesObserversForKey:(NSString*)key  
    {  
        //当这两个值改变时,使用自动通知已注册过的观察者,观察者需要实现observeValueForKeyPath:ofObject:change:context:方法  
        if ([key isEqualToString:@"frame"])  
        {  
            return NO;  
        }  
        return [super automaticallyNotifiesObserversForKey:key];  
    } 
    
    这时候frame就必须要手动通知

    *手动通知一般不用,为了方便,都自动通知,所以这部分知道就可以了

     -----------------------------------------------------------------------

    上面一些接口方法说明NSObject,NSArray,NSSet均实现了以上方法,因此我们不仅可以观察普通对象,还可以观察数组或结合类对象。

    一般用的都是观察NSObject的某个属性
    对NSArray进行观察是观察NSArray中每个model的属性
    NSSet和NSArray差不多,只不过NSSet是无序集合
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/strick/p/4036663.html
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