前言
我在阅读分析（看别人代码）、写作（自己写的代码）的过程中总是会遇到无法写出、无法理解的长难句。
英文写作是化妆的过程，英文阅读是卸妆的过程。
单词的词性决定了单词在句子中可以作的句子成分，换句话来说句子成分就是不同词性的问题。
句子成分总结
1.句子的主干部分必不可少：主语、谓语、宾语、表语。
主语：名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句
谓语：实意动词、系动词
宾语：名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句
表语：名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句、形容词、介词短语（I am in Beijing）
2.句子的分支和叶子部分（ 修饰成分）：同位语、定语、装语、补语。
同位语：名词、代词、非谓语动词、从句
定语：名词（The part of Being）、代词（A friend of mine）、非谓语动词、形容词、介词短语（bird outside the window）、 从句
状语：副词、介词短语（表示位置）、非谓语动词、从句
补语：可以归类于专门修饰宾语的定语
组织英语句子，就是根据单词的词性，把我们脑海里的单词，正确地放置到 主、谓、宾、同位、定、状、补这7个位置，组织成不同的句子，表达我们不同的思想。
还记得在字符编码吗？ 计算机使用8个二进制位，在这8个位子上放置不同的二进制（0/1）表示出不同数据。
大道都至简吗？吾令羲和弭节兮，望崦嵫而勿迫。路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。
1.My English teacher is a an elegant lady. 只有形容词定语可以作定语吗？名词、介词短语、非谓语、从句也可以 My English teacher is a lady of elegance. 名词作定语 My English teacher is a lady as elegant as a rose. 介词短语作定语 My English teacher is a lady looking as elegant as a rose.非谓语作定语 My English teacher is a lady who looks like as a rose.从句作定语
2.He killed his wife cruelly. 只有副词可以作状语吗？介词短语、非谓语、从句也可以 He killed his wife with a sharp knife. 介词短语作状语 He killed his wife as cruelly as a monster. He killed his wife making use of a sharp knife.非谓语作状语 He killed his wife when he known that she had an affair with many her colleagues. 从句作状语
3.Laughing at others is not right.只有动名词-非谓语可以作主语吗？ It is not right to laugh at other. 动词不定式-非谓语做主语 It is not right that we laugh at others. 从句作主语
七个位置对于对应不同词性的单词，只有谓语动词比较固定，只能放动词。
所以我们不要总是局限在，使用1个名词作定语、1个形容词作定语、1副词做状语。
其实我们可以使用很多其他词性去填充句子分词。
名词类句子成分：
主语、宾语、同位语3个句子成分是完全一样的（这3个位置都可以放一样的单词）
主语和宾语一样，是因为我们可以把句子转成被动语态，被动语态就是把主语和谓语互换一下位置，但是不需要变换这些单词的词性！
同位语就是给主语/宾语增加了1个孪生兄弟， 用于重复、深入解释主语、和宾语的意思， 所以同位语的词性一定和主语、宾语都是名词性句子成分。
I love you.
You are loved by me.
I cleaned the room.
The romm was cleaned by me.
形容词类句子成分：
定语、表语、补语句子成分也是完全一样的（这3个位置都可以放一样的单词）。
定语、表语、补语都是用来修饰名词性的，表语修饰主语。主语、宾语、表语都可以是名词。
状语类句子成分：
副词只能做状语，动词只能做谓语。
很长一段没有学好英语，因为没有总结出英语和汉语有哪些表达差异？
1.汉意合英形合
汉语是一门讲究意合的语言
英语是一门讲究形式和语言
英语的形合主要体现在句子结构和逻辑关键词2个方面。
A.句子结构：
汉语句子的句子结构可以缺少主语或谓语，
汉语句子必须具备主语+谓语。
主语一定是谓语动作的发出者，如果有宾语，宾语一定是谓语动作的承受者，并且英文的句子成分，对单词的词性有要求。
B.逻辑关系词：
汉语通过意思，连接上下文。
英语通过介词、连词、从句、非谓语动词连接上下文。
汉： 我喜欢那个女孩，我想请她饭。
英语：I love that girl so I want to invite her to my part tonight.
所以汉语句子多短句，英语多长句。
2.英语句子长，汉语句子短
我昨天在街上看到一个女人。她的女儿看起来好高呀。
I came across a lady.
Her daughter was tall.
I came across a lady whose daughter was very tall.
我们可以使用以下方式扩展英语句子
- 非谓语动词
- 并列句
- 主从复合句
A.原味版
长江流经不同的生态体系，它是众多濒危物种的栖息地。
The Yangtze river flows through different ecological systems.
It is the habitat of many endangered animals.
B.非谓语动词版
The Yangtze river flows through different ecological systems, being the habitat of many endangered animals.
C.并列句版
The Yangtze river flows through different ecological systems, and at the same time it is the habitat of many endangered animals.
D.主从复合句版
The Yangtze river which is the habitat of many endangered animals, flows through different ecological systems.
3.汉语句子多主动，英语句子多被动
所以在我们翻译的时候，把英语的被动翻译成汉语的主动，把汉语主动翻译成被动。
句子大改写
以上我对句子成分的大梳理，发现了句子成分不是使用单一的词性去充当的。
名词可以做主语/宾语表语，非谓语、从句也可以，不要一想到定语就是形容词、一看到状语就使用副词。我们可以尝试很多不同的词性。
句子的成分是相对固定的，我们可以通过各种词性去修改句子成分。
My teacher is an elegant lady. 形容词作定语
My teacher is a lady of elegance. 名词作定语
My teacher is lady as elegant as a rose. 介词短语作定语
My teacher is lady looking as elegant as a rose. 非谓语动词作定语
My teacher is lady who inspired me in English grammar. 从句作定语
He got a promotion.
He got a promotion constantly. 副词
He got a promotion through his persistent efforts. 介词短语
He got a promotion proved his rich talents. 非谓语动词
He got a promotion after he spares no pains to study to practice.状语从句
Laughing at others is not right. 非谓语动词充当主语
It is not right to laugh at others. 非谓语
It is not right that we laugh at others. 主语从句
长难句的模样
长难句都是基于最基本的主谓宾结构或者主系表结构，增加了同位语/定语/状语这些修饰成分，从而变得很长的。很长你看起来就很难了。所以我们都叫这些句子为英语长难句。
写作就是给句子化妆，使你的句子表达更加准确和详细。变成长难句。
阅读就是给句子卸妆，先找谓语动词、锁定谓语动词前后的主谓，找到修饰成分定语和状语，使别人写地句子露出那简单的主谓宾/主系表。
（状语），主语（定语/同位语/插入语）谓语+宾语/表语（定语/同位语/插入语/状语）。
When we are having a English class given by Teacher Li coming from Henan Province, on the internet, they, a host of cute kind, are sing songs such as Little Star, Two Tigers and My Good Mother.
The eldest is kicking out his father.
When he grows up and becomes independent, the eldest son, a fat and ugly guy, who is standing in front of the gal, is kicking out his father, a poor old man, who is crouching in the center of the playground although he has brought his child up with hard work.
I love Eason Chan.
When I heard one of his songs named Long Time No See, I, a common English teacher, have loved Eason whose singing sounds touching.
Interests are important.
Interests such as planting and sing are important especially when we are free at home alone.
Skill---Salary
英语句子分类
我花了很长时间和很大精力，系统整理英语语法的大致脉络。
- 简单句
- 并列句
- 名词性从句-主/宾/表从句
- 形容词性从句-定语从句
- 副词性从句-状语从句
- 特殊句型-虚拟语气（subjunctive）
- 特殊句型-倒装句（inversion）