最近要运维一个项目，准备在家办公，公司无远程作业环境，个人本本不喜欢别人碰，第一次在CentOS上安装，本案留以后使用，毕竟不是经常安装。
注：Oracle11gR2 X64安装
一、环境准备
安装包：
1.VMware-workstation-full-11.1.0-2496824.exe 2.CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1511.iso 3.linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
以上觉得不是重点，不给下载地址，不描述安装过程，安装完CentOS 7，截图如下：
第一次安装防坑，没有进行任何操作之前，先在VMware中创建该虚拟机快照，后期搞郁闷了，可以回归到该快照版本。特么还是不放心，又把该虚拟机完整克隆一份（强迫症）。
二、安装Oracle前准备
1.创建运行oracle数据库的系统用户和用户组
[sonny@localhost ~]$ su root #切换到root Password: [root@localhost sonny]# groupadd oinstall #创建用户组oinstall [root@localhost sonny]# groupadd dba #创建用户组dba [root@localhost sonny]# useradd -g oinstall -g dba -m oracle #创建oracle用户，并加入到oinstall和dba用户组 [root@localhost sonny]# passwd oracle #设置用户oracle的登陆密码，不设置密码，在CentOS的图形登陆界面没法登陆 Changing password for user oracle. New password: # 密码 BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters Retype new password: # 确认密码 passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. [root@localhost sonny]# id oracle # 查看新建的oracle用户 uid=1001(oracle) gid=1002(dba) groups=1002(dba) [root@localhost sonny]#
为啥要创建oinstall用户组及dba组？ 参考：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/cn/articles/hunter-rac11gr2-iscsi-2-092412-zhs.html#13
理论上单例按照需要3种用户组，实际只建两个oinstall和dba，后面再安装oracle数据库的时候把OSOPER组也设置是dba组。
a.oracle 清单组（一般为oinstall):
OINSTALL 组的成员被视为 Oracle 软件的“所有者”，拥有对 Oracle 中央清单 (oraInventory) 的写入权限。在一个 Linux 系统上首次安装 Oracle 软件时，
OUI 会创建 /etc/oraInst.loc 文件。该文件指定 Oracle 清单组的名称（默认为 oinstall）以及 Oracle 中央清单目录的路径。
b.数据库管理员（OSDBA，一般为 dba）:
OSDBA 组的成员可通过操作系统身份验证使用 SQL 以 SYSDBA 身份连接到一个 Oracle 实例。该组的成员可执行关键的数据库管理任务，如创建数据库、启动和关
闭实例。该组的默认名称为dba。SYSDBA 系统权限甚至在数据库未打开时也允许访问数据库实例。对此权限的控制完全超出了数据库本身的范围。不要混淆 SYSDBA
系统权限与数据库角色 DBA。DBA 角色不包括 SYSDBA 或 SYSOPER 系统权限。
c.数据库操作员组（OSOPER，一般为 oper）:
OSOPER 组的成员可通过操作系统身份验证使用 SQL 以 SYSOPER 身份连接到一个 Oracle 实例。这个可选组的成员拥有一组有限的数据库管理权限，如管理和运行备份。
该组的默认名称为oper。SYSOPER 系统权限甚至在数据库未打开时也允许访问数据库实例。对此权限的控制完全超出了数据库本身的范围。要使用该组，选择 Advanced 安装类型来安装 Oracle 数据库软件。
2.创建oracle数据库安装目录
[sonny@localhost ~]$ su root Password: [root@localhost sonny]# mkdir -p /data/oracle #oracle数据库安装目录 [root@localhost sonny]# mkdir -p /data/oraInventory #oracle数据库配置文件目录 [root@localhost sonny]# mkdir -p /data/database #oracle数据库软件包解压目录 [root@localhost sonny]# cd /data [root@localhost data]# ls #创建完毕检查一下（强迫症） database oracle oraInventory [root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle #设置目录所有者为oinstall用户组的oracle用户 [root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oraInventory [root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database [root@localhost data]#
3.修改OS系统标识
oracle默认不支持CentOS系统安装，Oracle Database 11g Release 2 的 OS要求参考： https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#LADBI1106
我安装是64位数据库，On Linux x86-64：Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 （RHEL 7）
另外，CentOS7.0.1511 基于 RHEL7.2 参考：https://linux.cn/article-3351-1.html
修改文件 /etc/redhat-release
[sonny@localhost data]$ su root Password: [root@localhost data]# cat /proc/version Linux version 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 (builder@kbuilder.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.3 20140911 (Red Hat 4.8.3-9) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Thu Nov 19 22:10:57 UTC 2015 [root@localhost data]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) [root@localhost data]# vi /etc/redhat-release [root@localhost data]# cat /etc/redhat-release redhat-7 [root@localhost data]#
4.安装oracle数据库所需要的软件包
重复一遍，我安装时Oracle Database 11g Release 2 64位数据库。
Oracle Database Package Requirements for Linux x86-64 如下：（参考：https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#BABCFJFG）
操作系统:Oracle Linux 7 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 The following packages (or later versions) must be installed: binutils-2.23.52.0.1-12.el7.x86_64 compat-libcap1-1.10-3.el7.x86_64 gcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 gcc-c++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 glibc-2.17-36.el7.i686 glibc-2.17-36.el7.x86_64 glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.i686 glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.x86_64 ksh libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.i686 libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64 libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.i686 libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64 libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.i686 libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.x86_64 libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.i686 libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.x86_64 make-3.82-19.el7.x86_64 sysstat-10.1.5-1.el7.x86_64
老实人，第一次搞，一个一个的安装,命令也很简单，反正文档要求高版本也可以：
[sonny@localhost data]$ su root Password: [root@localhost data]# yum install binutils
省略...
5.关闭防火墙 CentOS 7.2默认使用的是firewall作为防火墙
[sonny@localhost /]$ su root Password: [root@localhost /]# systemctl status firewalld.service #查看防火墙状态，运行中 ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Thu 2016-04-07 18:54:29 PDT; 2h 20min ago Main PID: 802 (firewalld) CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service └─802 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid Apr 07 18:54:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon... Apr 07 18:54:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon. [root@localhost /]# systemctl stop firewalld.service #关闭防火墙 [root@localhost /]# systemctl status firewalld.service #再次查看防火墙状态，发现已关闭 ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: inactive (dead) since Thu 2016-04-07 21:15:34 PDT; 9s ago Main PID: 802 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Apr 07 18:54:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon... Apr 07 18:54:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon. Apr 07 21:15:33 localhost systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon... Apr 07 21:15:34 localhost systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon. [root@localhost /]# systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止使用防火墙（重启也是禁止的） Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service. Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service. [root@localhost /]#
防火墙先禁用，搞好之后再配置，个人虚拟机，要毛线防火墙~~
6.关闭selinux（需重启生效）
[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/selinux/config [root@localhost /]# cat /etc/selinux/config # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced. # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded. SELINUX=disabled #此处修改为disabled # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values: # targeted - Targeted processes are protected, # minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. # mls - Multi Level Security protection. SELINUXTYPE=targeted [root@localhost /]#
为啥要关闭selinux？因为selinux太高深，非专业人士搞不懂~~
7.修改内核参数
红色部分为添加代码
[sonny@localhost /]$ su root Password: [root@localhost /]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf [root@localhost /]# cat /etc/sysct.conf cat: /etc/sysct.conf: No such file or directory [root@localhost /]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf # System default settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf. # To override those settings, enter new settings here, or in an /etc/sysctl.d/<name>.conf file # # For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5). net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1 net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1 fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享内存的总量，8G内存设置：2097152*4k/1024/1024 kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 #最大共享内存的段大小 kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范围 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max= 4194304 net.core.wmem_default= 262144 net.core.wmem_max= 1048576 [root@localhost /]#
使配置参数生效
[root@localhost /]# sysctl -p net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1 net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1 sysctl: setting key "fs.file-max": Invalid argument fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmall": Invalid argument kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享内存的总量，8G内存设置：2097152*4k/1024/1024 sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmmax": Invalid argument kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 #最大共享内存的段大小 sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmmni": Invalid argument kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 sysctl: setting key "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range": Invalid argument net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范围 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 [root@localhost /]#
8.对oracle用户设置限制，提高软件运行性能（红色为添加部分）
[sonny@localhost /]$ su root Password: [root@localhost /]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf [root@localhost /]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf # /etc/security/limits.conf # #This file sets the resource limits for the users logged in via PAM. #It does not affect resource limits of the system services. # #Also note that configuration files in /etc/security/limits.d directory, #which are read in alphabetical order, override the settings in this #file in case the domain is the same or more specific. #That means for example that setting a limit for wildcard domain here #can be overriden with a wildcard setting in a config file in the #subdirectory, but a user specific setting here can be overriden only #with a user specific setting in the subdirectory. # #Each line describes a limit for a user in the form: # #<domain> <type> <item> <value> # #Where: #<domain> can be: # - a user name # - a group name, with @group syntax # - the wildcard *, for default entry # - the wildcard %, can be also used with %group syntax, # for maxlogin limit # #<type> can have the two values: # - "soft" for enforcing the soft limits # - "hard" for enforcing hard limits # #<item> can be one of the following: # - core - limits the core file size (KB) # - data - max data size (KB) # - fsize - maximum filesize (KB) # - memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB) # - nofile - max number of open file descriptors # - rss - max resident set size (KB) # - stack - max stack size (KB) # - cpu - max CPU time (MIN) # - nproc - max number of processes # - as - address space limit (KB) # - maxlogins - max number of logins for this user # - maxsyslogins - max number of logins on the system # - priority - the priority to run user process with # - locks - max number of file locks the user can hold # - sigpending - max number of pending signals # - msgqueue - max memory used by POSIX message queues (bytes) # - nice - max nice priority allowed to raise to values: [-20, 19] # - rtprio - max realtime priority # #<domain> <type> <item> <value> # #* soft core 0 #* hard rss 10000 #@student hard nproc 20 #@faculty soft nproc 20 #@faculty hard nproc 50 #ftp hard nproc 0 #@student - maxlogins 4 oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 # End of file [root@localhost /]#
9.配置用户的环境变量（红色部分为添加代码）
[root@localhost /]# vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile [root@localhost /]# cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile # .bash_profile # Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc fi # User specific environment and startup programs PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin export PATH export ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle #oracle数据库安装目录 export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 #oracle数据库路径 export ORACLE_SID=orcl #oracle启动数据库实例名 export ORACLE_TERM=xterm #xterm窗口模式安装 export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH #添加系统环境变量 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib #添加系统环境变量 export LANG=C #防止安装过程出现乱码 export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK #设置Oracle客户端字符集，必须与Oracle安装时设置的字符集保持一致，如：ZHS16GBK，否则出现数据导入导出中文乱码问题 [root@localhost /]#
使上述配置立即生效：
[oracle@localhost /]$ su root Password: [root@localhost /]# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile [root@localhost /]#
10.上述都搞定了，上传安装包我喜欢xftp，将oracle安装包上传到/usr/local/src
11.解压安装包
[oracle@localhost /]$ cd /usr/local/src #进入/usr/local/src目录 [oracle@localhost src]$ ls linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip [oracle@localhost src]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /data/database/ #解压 (省略...) [oracle@localhost src]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /data/database/ #解压 (省略...) [oracle@localhost src]$ su root Password: [root@localhost src]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database/database/ [root@localhost src]#
三、oracle安装
1.图形界面登陆oracle用户：
2.启动oralce安装，到/data/database/database/目录下，执行runInstaller
3.去掉勾，懒得填，个人使用环境不需要自动接收Oracle的安全更新。
4.下一步，只安装数据库软件，个人用不要那些玩意~~
5.选择单例安装，前面的所有配置均为单例安装。
6.添加语言
7.默认安装版本企业版-Enterprise Edition --图没了。
8.确定数据软件的安装路径，自动读取前面oracle环境变量中配置的值。
9.理论上要创建Database Operation（OSOPER）Group:oper ,个人用，懒得建，就使用dba用户组
10.安装检查，按照提示信息一个一个解决。
swap空间不足解决 ：（要求2.67G 实际2G）
[root@localhost oracle]# free -m #查看当前虚拟内存 total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 1824 1369 93 10 361 250 Swap: 2048 20 2028 [root@localhost oracle]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1024 count=1024000 #将当前swap空间由2048M 增加到 3048M 新增一个2014的swap文件 1024000+0 records in 1024000+0 records out 1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 29.4051 s, 35.7 MB/s [root@localhost oracle]# mkswap /home/swap Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1023996 KiB no label, UUID=5e3d39d7-285e-4c74-b321-1e2b3ffabf83 [root@localhost oracle]# free -m total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 1824 1275 95 10 454 342 Swap: 2048 141 1907 [root@localhost oracle]# swapon /home/swap #增加并启用虚拟内容 swapon: /home/swap: insecure permissions 0644, 0600 suggested. [root@localhost oracle]# free -m #再次查看 total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 1824 1275 94 10 454 342 Swap: 3048 141 2907
11.一个一个检查package，在准备阶段中漏掉的，此处再安装，有些系统报错是因为现有的包的版本比检测要高，最后忽略即可。（点击Check_Again 多检查几次）
12.准备完毕，fuck “Finish”开始安装。
13.安装过程是一个漫长的过程，中间有几次卡住，没有出现任何画面，屏幕中间有条小线，尝试多次，发现光标在该线上，右键点击Closed，不知道关闭了啥，又能继续安装了。先装吧，到时看安装日志再说。
14.提示安装成功。安装日志懒得看，再说。
四、配置监听listener
1.执行netca 报错
[oracle@localhost ~]$ netca Oracle Net Services Configuration: # # An unexpected error has been detected by HotSpot Virtual Machine: # # SIGSEGV (0xb) at pc=0x00007f69a69fcb9d, pid=8033, tid=140092892297024 # # Java VM: Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (1.5.0_17-b03 mixed mode) # Problematic frame: # C [libclntsh.so.11.1+0x62ab9d] snlinGetAddrInfo+0x1b1 # # An error report file with more information is saved as hs_err_pid8033.log # # If you would like to submit a bug report, please visit: # http://java.sun.com/webapps/bugreport/crash.jsp # /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/netca: line 178: 8033 Aborted (core dumped) $JRE $JRE_OPTIONS -classpath $CLASSPATH oracle.net.ca.NetCA $* [oracle@localhost ~]$
错误原因：安装操作系统是默认主机名localhost造成错误
解决办法：
racle]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network # Created by anaconda [root@localhost oracle]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network #增加HOSTNAME [root@localhost oracle]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network # Created by anaconda HOSTNAME=odb-sonny [root@localhost oracle]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 [root@localhost oracle]# vi /etc/hosts #增加HOSTNAME [root@localhost oracle]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 odb-sonny ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 [root@localhost oracle]# hostname odb-sonny #执行 [root@localhost oracle]#
最后注销当前oracle用户，重新登陆即可！！这次发现打开配置界面正常，安装windows下面配置即可。
五、创建Oracle数据实例Orcl
执行dbca命令，启动oracle实例安装界面，剩下的与Windows上安装一样，不废话了：
注意：必须先创建监听，并且监听是启动中，否则报错。
六、检查安装日志检查
发现有几个错误（原因未知，后续再看）：
错误1：
INFO: /lib64/libstdc++.so.5: undefined reference to `memcpy@GLIBC_2.14' collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status INFO: make: *** [ctxhx] Error 1 INFO: End output from spawned process. INFO: ---------------------------------- INFO: Exception thrown from action: make Exception Name: MakefileException Exception String: Error in invoking target 'install' of makefile '/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/ctx/lib/ins_ctx.mk'. See '/data/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-04-07_10-38-06PM.log' for details. Exception Severity: 1
错误2：
INFO: /usr/bin/ld: warning: -z lazyload ignored. /usr/bin/ld: warning: -z nolazyload ignored. /usr/bin/ld: /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib//libnmectl.a(nmectlt.o): undefined reference to symbol 'B_DestroyKeyObject' /usr/bin/ld: note: 'B_DestroyKeyObject' is defined in DSO /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib/libnnz11.so so try adding it to the linker command line /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib/libnnz11.so: could not read symbols: Invalid operation INFO: collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status INFO: make[1]: *** [/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib/emdctl] Error 1 INFO: make[1]: Leaving directory `/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib' INFO: make: *** [emdctl] Error 2 INFO: End output from spawned process. INFO: ---------------------------------- INFO: Exception thrown from action: make Exception Name: MakefileException Exception String: Error in invoking target 'agent nmhs' of makefile '/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk'.
See '/data/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-04-07_10-38-06PM.log' for details. Exception Severity: 1 INFO: Calling Action unixActions10.2.0.3.0 make registerOnly = false installMakePath = /usr/bin/make installMakeFileName = /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk installTarget = all_no_orcl undoMakeFileName = installArguments = ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 logFile = /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/install/make.log undoTarget = progMsg = Linking RDBMS Executables