• selenium find_element()详解


    selenium有以下定位方式:

    driver.find_element_by_id(‘id’)
    driver.find_element_by_xpath('xpath')
    driver.find_element_by_link_text('link_text')
    driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text('partial_link_text')
    driver.find_element_by_name('name')
    driver.find_element_by_tag_name('tag_name')
    driver.find_element_by_class_name('class_name')
    driver.find_element_by_css_selector('css_selector')

    但我们看下源码:
    D:Program FilesPython27Libsite-packagesseleniumwebdriver emotewebdriver.py
    可以看到,上面那些定位方式,实际上都是调用的driver.find_element(by, value)

    我们继续看下find_element()的源码,大部分方法最终全是通过By.CSS_SELECTOR来实现的查找

    那By又都有哪些条件呢?

    D:Program FilesPython27Libsite-packagesseleniumwebdrivercommony.py
    继续看源码,可以看到下面8种
    ID = "id"
    XPATH = "xpath"
    LINK_TEXT = "link text"
    PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT = "partial link text"
    NAME = "name"
    TAG_NAME = "tag name"
    CLASS_NAME = "class name"
    CSS_SELECTOR = "css selector"

    所以我们以后就都只用find_element()就好了,因为最终实际上也都是调用的这个方法。
    简单封装一下,以后就记住find_element()一个方法即可。

    from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
    from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
    from appium import webdriver
    
    class BasePage(object):
        def split_locator(self, locator):
            """
            分解定位表达式,如'css,.username',拆分后返回'css selector'和定位表达式'.username'(class为username的元素)
            :param locator: 定位方法+定位表达式组合字符串,如'css,.username'
            :return: locator_dict[by], value:返回定位方式和定位表达式
            """
            by = locator.split(',')[0]
            value = locator.split(',')[1]
            locator_dict = {
                'id': 'id',
                'name': 'name',
                'class': 'class name',
                'tag': 'tag name',
                'link': 'link text',
                'plink': 'partial link text',
                'xpath': 'xpath',
                'css': 'css selector',
            }
            if by not in locator_dict.keys():
                raise NameError("wrong locator!'id','name','class','tag','link','plink','xpath','css',exp:'id,username'")
            return locator_dict[by], value
    
    
        def wait_element(self, locator, sec=30):
            """
            等待元素出现
            :param locator: 定位方法+定位表达式组合字符串,用逗号分隔,如'css,.username'
            :param sec:等待秒数
            """
            by, value = self.split_locator(locator)
            try:
                WebDriverWait(self.driver, sec, 1).until(lambda x: x.find_element(by=by, value=value),message='element not found!!!')
                log.info(u'等待元素:%s' % locator)
            return True
            except TimeoutException:
                return False
            except Exception, e:
                raise e
    
        
        def get_element(self, locator, sec=60):
            """
            获取一个元素
            :param locator: 定位方法+定位表达式组合字符串,用逗号分隔,如'css,.username'
            :param sec:等待秒数
            :return: 元素可找到返回element对象,否则返回False
            """
            if self.wait_element(locator, sec):
                by, value = self.split_locator(locator)
                try:
                    element = self.driver.find_element(by=by, value=value)
                    log.info(u'获取元素:%s' % locator)
                    return element
                except Exception, e:
                    raise e
            else:
                return False
    
        def get_elements(self, locator):
            """
            获取一组元素
            :param locator: 定位方法+定位表达式组合字符串,用逗号分隔,如'css,.username'
            :return: elements
            """
            by, value = self.split_locator(locator)
            try:
                elements = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 60, 1).until(lambda x: x.find_elements(by=by, value=value))
                log.info(u'获取元素列表:%s' % locator)
                return elements
            except Exception, e:
                raise e

    以后调用,先定义元素,如
    button = "id,su" # 页面上id为su的元素

    在用例中查找时,只要写
    find_element(button)


    整体框架源码:
    https://github.com/songzhenhua/selenium_ui_auto/blob/master/page_object/base_page.py

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/songzhenhua/p/12902288.html
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