Ad-Hoc之常用模块上篇

使用 ansible-doc [模块名字] 查看模块帮助信息也可以访问官方文档查看
官方模块文档

command 执行命令（默认）
shell 执行命令
get_url 联网下载
yum 安装软件模块
copy 配置模块

command 执行命令（默认）

command模块执行的命令不能有管道，但shell模块可以

[root@Ansible ~]# ansible hosts -m command -a "hostnamectl"
localhost | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
   Static hostname: Ansible
         Icon name: computer-vm
           Chassis: vm
        Machine ID: 611eb9146733482c813dee0118e98c2e
           Boot ID: 842cefc3079845d0948229dd97ca0c56
    Virtualization: vmware
  Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
       CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
            Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-862.3.2.el7.x86_64
      Architecture: x86-64
nfs1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
   Static hostname: Client2
         Icon name: computer-vm
           Chassis: vm
        Machine ID: 611eb9146733482c813dee0118e98c2e
           Boot ID: 3dd31b653cf6496aba7d59e0705889e0
    Virtualization: vmware
  Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
       CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
            Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-862.3.2.el7.x86_64
      Architecture: x86-64
web1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
   Static hostname: Client1
         Icon name: computer-vm
           Chassis: vm
        Machine ID: 611eb9146733482c813dee0118e98c2e
           Boot ID: f2d91614d04a4ae0b8ef94136738b70a
    Virtualization: vmware
  Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
       CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
            Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-862.3.2.el7.x86_64
      Architecture: x86-64

shell 执行命令

执行任何 shell 命令，可以使用管道，但对一些复杂的命令太不支持，比如 awk

[root@Ansible ~]# ansible hosts -m shell -a "ifconfig eth0|grep 'inet'"
localhost | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
        inet 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
        inet6 fe80::862b:ec1d:da56:b3f5 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
web1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
        inet 192.168.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
        inet6 fe80::fe0a:ef25:6dce:b81a prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
nfs1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
        inet 192.168.1.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
        inet6 fe80::fe0a:ef25:6dce:b81a prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
        inet6 fe80::1a2a:995:6f5a:ffe8 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
## 不太支持awk
[root@Ansible ~]# ansible hosts -m shell -a "df -h|awk '//$/{print $5}'"
localhost | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 3.0G 14G 18% /
web1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 3.1G 14G 18% /
nfs1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 3.1G 14G 18% /

get_url 联网下载

url ---文件在网络上的具体位置
dest ---下载到被控端的哪个目录下
checksum ---校验(md5 sha256)

## 添加阿里云的base仓库
[root@Ansible ~]# ansible web -m get_url -a "url=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo dest=/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo"
web1 | CHANGED => {
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum_dest": null, 
    "checksum_src": "a149656624ecdf9c5549bf419925b1d8adddefb6", 
    "dest": "/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "13151789a512213f1695a5b427b1a9ab", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "msg": "OK (2523 bytes)", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 2523, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1557748542.57-71249069620018/tmpFjRxR8", 
    "state": "file", 
    "status_code": 200, 
    "uid": 0, 
    "url": "http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo"
}
## 添加阿里云的epel仓库
[root@Ansible ~]# ansible web -m get_url -a "url=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo dest=/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo"
web1 | CHANGED => {
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum_dest": null, 
    "checksum_src": "2feedd589b72617f03d75c4b8a6e328cc1aad918", 
    "dest": "/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "bddf35db56cf6be9190fdabeae71c801", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "msg": "OK (664 bytes)", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 664, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1557748737.47-206113667370211/tmpEBlLWk", 
    "state": "file", 
    "status_code": 200, 
    "uid": 0, 
    "url": "http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo"
}
## 生成yum缓存
[root@Ansible ~]# ansible web -m command -a "yum makecache"

yum 安装软件模块

name ---软件包名称
state ---指定使用yum的方法
- installed，present ---安装软件包
- removed，absent ---移除软件包
- latest ---安装最新软件包

## 安装httpd服务（显示有点乱，主要是所有换行都显示
）
[root@Ansible ~]# ansible hosts -m yum -a "name=httpd state=installed"
nfs1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "pkg_mgr": "yum"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "msg": "", 
    "rc": 0, 
    "results": [
        "Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-89.el7.centos will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================
 Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 httpd x86_64 2.4.6-89.el7.centos updates 2.7 M

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 1 Package

Total download size: 2.7 M
Installed size: 9.4 M
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
 Installing : httpd-2.4.6-89.el7.centos.x86_64 1/1 
 Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-89.el7.centos.x86_64 1/1 

Installed:
 httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-89.el7.centos 

Complete!
"
    ]
}
web1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "pkg_mgr": "yum"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "msg": "", 
    "rc": 0, 
    "results": [
        "Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-89.el7.centos will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================
 Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 httpd x86_64 2.4.6-89.el7.centos updates 2.7 M

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 1 Package

Total download size: 2.7 M
Installed size: 9.4 M
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
 Installing : httpd-2.4.6-89.el7.centos.x86_64 1/1 
 Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-89.el7.centos.x86_64 1/1 

Installed:
 httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-89.el7.centos 

Complete!
"
    ]
}
localhost | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "pkg_mgr": "yum"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "msg": "", 
    "rc": 0, 
    "results": [
        "Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-89.el7.centos will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================
 Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 httpd x86_64 2.4.6-89.el7.centos updates 2.7 M

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 1 Package

Total download size: 2.7 M
Installed size: 9.4 M
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
 Installing : httpd-2.4.6-89.el7.centos.x86_64 1/1 
 Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-89.el7.centos.x86_64 1/1 

Installed:
 httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-89.el7.centos 

Complete!
"
    ]
}
## 卸载httpd服务（显示有点乱，主要是所有换行都显示
）
[root@Ansible ~]# ansible hosts -m yum -a "name=httpd state=removed"
nfs1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "pkg_mgr": "yum"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "msg": "", 
    "rc": 0, 
    "results": [
        "已加载插件：fastestmirror
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 httpd.x86_64.0.2.4.6-89.el7.centos 将被 删除
--> 解决依赖关系完成

依赖关系解决

================================================================================
 Package 架构 版本 源 大小
================================================================================
正在删除:
 httpd x86_64 2.4.6-89.el7.centos @updates 9.4 M

事务概要
================================================================================
移除 1 软件包

安装大小：9.4 M
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
 正在删除 : httpd-2.4.6-89.el7.centos.x86_64 1/1 
 验证中 : httpd-2.4.6-89.el7.centos.x86_64 1/1 

删除:
 httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-89.el7.centos 

完毕！
"
    ]
}
web1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "pkg_mgr": "yum"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "msg": "", 
    "rc": 0, 
    "results": [
        "已加载插件：fastestmirror
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 httpd.x86_64.0.2.4.6-89.el7.centos 将被 删除
--> 解决依赖关系完成

依赖关系解决

================================================================================
 Package 架构 版本 源 大小
================================================================================
正在删除:
 httpd x86_64 2.4.6-89.el7.centos @updates 9.4 M

事务概要
================================================================================
移除 1 软件包

安装大小：9.4 M
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
 正在删除 : httpd-2.4.6-89.el7.centos.x86_64 1/1 
 验证中 : httpd-2.4.6-89.el7.centos.x86_64 1/1 

删除:
 httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-89.el7.centos 

完毕！
"
    ]
}
localhost | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "pkg_mgr": "yum"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "msg": "", 
    "rc": 0, 
    "results": [
        "已加载插件：fastestmirror
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 httpd.x86_64.0.2.4.6-89.el7.centos 将被 删除
--> 解决依赖关系完成

依赖关系解决

================================================================================
 Package 架构 版本 源 大小
================================================================================
正在删除:
 httpd x86_64 2.4.6-89.el7.centos @updates 9.4 M

事务概要
================================================================================
移除 1 软件包

安装大小：9.4 M
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
 正在删除 : httpd-2.4.6-89.el7.centos.x86_64 1/1 
 验证中 : httpd-2.4.6-89.el7.centos.x86_64 1/1 

删除:
 httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-89.el7.centos 

完毕！
"
    ]
}

copy 配置模块

src --- 推送数据的源文件信息
dest --- 推送数据的目标路径
backup --- 对原来的文件，会放到 /var/lib/docker/overlay2/ 目录下
content --- 直接批量在被管理端文件中添加内容
group --- 将本地文件推送到远端，指定文件属组信息
owner --- 将本地文件推送到远端，指定文件属主信息
mode --- 将本地文件推送到远端，指定文件权限信息

## 把/etc/hosts文件推送到所有主机/tmp/test.txt
[root@Ansible ~]# ansible hosts -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp/test.txt owner=www group=www mode=644"
localhost | FAILED! => {
    "changed": false, 
    "checksum": "7335999eb54c15c67566186bdfc46f64e0d5a1aa", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "msg": "chown failed: failed to look up user www", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "path": "/tmp/test.txt", 
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0", 
    "size": 158, 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
web1 | FAILED! => {
    "changed": false, 
    "checksum": "7335999eb54c15c67566186bdfc46f64e0d5a1aa", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "msg": "chown failed: failed to look up user www", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "path": "/tmp/test.txt", 
    "size": 158, 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
nfs1 | FAILED! => {
    "changed": false, 
    "checksum": "7335999eb54c15c67566186bdfc46f64e0d5a1aa", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "msg": "chown failed: failed to look up user www", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "path": "/tmp/test.txt", 
    "size": 158, 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
## 被覆盖的文件会备份到/var/lib/docker/overlay2/
[root@Ansible ~]# [root@Ansible ~]# ansible hosts -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/etc/hosts backup=yes"
-bash: [root@Ansible: 未找到命令
[root@Ansible ~]# ansible hosts -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/etc/hosts backup=yes"
localhost | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false, 
    "checksum": "7335999eb54c15c67566186bdfc46f64e0d5a1aa", 
    "dest": "/etc/hosts", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "path": "/etc/hosts", 
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:net_conf_t:s0", 
    "size": 158, 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
web1 | CHANGED => {
    "backup_file": "/etc/hosts.4087.2019-05-12@20:24:56~", 
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "7335999eb54c15c67566186bdfc46f64e0d5a1aa", 
    "dest": "/etc/hosts", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "54fb6627dbaa37721048e4549db3224d", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 158, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1557663893.54-81828959416663/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
nfs1 | CHANGED => {
    "backup_file": "/etc/hosts.3795.2019-05-12@20:24:56~", 
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "7335999eb54c15c67566186bdfc46f64e0d5a1aa", 
    "dest": "/etc/hosts", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "54fb6627dbaa37721048e4549db3224d", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 158, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1557663893.44-149096126702721/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
## 直接向远端文件内写入数据信息，并且会覆盖远端文件内原有数据信息
[root@Ansible ~]# ansible hosts -m copy -a "content='###songguoyou' dest=/etc/hosts"
localhost | CHANGED => {
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "4c42e5babe87ef18dc6edb66c4ce4c03dd8908e7", 
    "dest": "/etc/hosts", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "12c74c48e83ac492c160f647d64a91e5", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:net_conf_t:s0", 
    "size": 13, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1557664064.75-189921694361228/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
web1 | CHANGED => {
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "4c42e5babe87ef18dc6edb66c4ce4c03dd8908e7", 
    "dest": "/etc/hosts", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "12c74c48e83ac492c160f647d64a91e5", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 13, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1557664064.74-223362295723281/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
nfs1 | CHANGED => {
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "4c42e5babe87ef18dc6edb66c4ce4c03dd8908e7", 
    "dest": "/etc/hosts", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "12c74c48e83ac492c160f647d64a91e5", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 13, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1557664064.79-185916316363979/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}

相关阅读:
【数据结构】堆栈
 【数据结构】线性表
 【算法】最大子列和问题
 【算法】复杂度的渐近表示
 【算法】什么是好的算法
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 【数据结构】什么是数据结构
 MySQL数据备份脚本
 二进制安装MySQL-5.7.28
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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/songguoyou/p/11883274.html

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