• HTML5+CSS3前端入门教程---从0开始通过一个商城实例手把手教你学习PC端和移动端页面开发第11章有路网移动端主页实战


    本教程案例在线演示

    有路网PC端
    有路网移动端

    免费配套视频教程

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    教程配套源码资源

    教程配套源码资源

    本章目标

    LESS

    1.什么是less

    Less 是一门 CSS 预处理语言,它扩展了 CSS 语言,增加了变量、Mixin、嵌套等特性。Less的语法更简洁,可以被翻译为CSS。

    在vs code安装less的编译插件

    安装插件Easy LESS,如下图所示

    有了这个后,可以在编辑器新建less文件,后缀名是.less,保存后会自动编译成css

    2. 变量

    less可以声明变量,在其它地方直接引用。

    @background-color: #ffffff;
    @text-color: #1A237E;
    
    p{
      background-color: @background-color;
      color: @text-color;
      padding: 15px;
    }
    
    ul{
      background-color: @background-color;
    }
    
    li{
      color: @text-color;
    }
    
    

    将其编译成 CSS 代码如下:

    p{
        background-color: #ffffff;
        color: #1A237E;
        padding: 15px;
    }
    
    ul{
        background-color: #ffffff;
    }
    
    li{
        color: #1A237E;
    }
    
    

    现在我们要切换二者的值,也就是黑色的背景和白色的文本,我们只需要修改两个变量的值就可以了,而不是手动的去修改每个值。


    3. Mixins

    Less 允许我们将常用的样式,打包封装到 classid 选择器中。 其它地方可以方便的引用。

    #circle{
      background-color: #4CAF50;
      border-radius: 100%;
    }
    
    #small-circle{
       50px;
      height: 50px;
      #circle
    }
    
    #big-circle{
       100px;
      height: 100px;
      #circle
    }
    
    

    将其转换成 CSS 代码如下

    #circle {
        background-color: #4CAF50;
        border-radius: 100%;
    }
    #small-circle {
         50px;
        height: 50px;
        background-color: #4CAF50;
        border-radius: 100%;
    }
    #big-circle {
         100px;
        height: 100px;
        background-color: #4CAF50;
        border-radius: 100%;
    }
    
    

    如果只用于样式打包,而不出现在css代码中,那么请在它的后面加上括号:

    #circle(){
        background-color: #4CAF50;
        border-radius: 100%;
    }
    
    #small-circle{
         50px;
        height: 50px;
        #circle
    }
    
    #big-circle{
         100px;
        height: 100px;
        #circle
    }
    
    

    此时编译成 CSS :

    #small-circle {
         50px;
        height: 50px;
        background-color: #4CAF50;
        border-radius: 100%;
    }
    #big-circle {
         100px;
        height: 100px;
        background-color: #4CAF50;
        border-radius: 100%;
    }
    
    

    Mixin 另一个比较酷的功能就是它支持传入参数,下面这个例子就为 circle 传入一个指定宽高的参数,默认是 25px。 这将创建一个 25×25的小圆和一个 100×100 的大圆。

    #circle(@size: 25px){
        background-color: #4CAF50;
        border-radius: 100%;
    
         @size;
        height: @size;
    }
    
    #small-circle{
        #circle
    }
    
    #big-circle{
        #circle(100px)
    }
    
    

    转换成 CSS :

    #small-circle {
        background-color: #4CAF50;
        border-radius: 100%;
         25px;
        height: 25px;
    }
    #big-circle {
        background-color: #4CAF50;
        border-radius: 100%;
         100px;
        height: 100px;
    }
    
    

    4. 嵌套

    嵌套可用于以与页面的HTML结构相匹配的方式构造样式表,同时减少了冲突的机会。下面是一个无序列表的例子。

    ul{
        background-color: #03A9F4;
        padding: 10px;
        list-style: none;
    
        li{
            background-color: #fff;
            border-radius: 3px;
            margin: 10px 0;
        }
    }
    
    

    编译成 CSS 代码:

    ul {
        background-color: #03A9F4;
        padding: 10px;
        list-style: none;
    }
    ul li {
        background-color: #fff;
        border-radius: 3px;
        margin: 10px 0;
    }
    
    

    就像在其它高级语言中一样, Less 的变量根据范围接受它们的值。如果在指定范围内没有关于变量值的声明, less 会一直往上查找,直至找到离它最近的声明。

    回到 CSS 中来,我们的 li 标签将有白色的文本,如果我们在 ul 标签中声明 @text-color 规则。

    @text-color: #000000;
    
    ul{
        @text-color: #fff;
        background-color: #03A9F4;
        padding: 10px;
        list-style: none;
    
        li{
            color: @text-color;
            border-radius: 3px;
            margin: 10px 0;
        }
    }
    
    

    编译生成的 CSS 代码如下:

    ul {
        background-color: #03A9F4;
        padding: 10px;
        list-style: none;
    }
    ul li {
        color: #ffffff;
        border-radius: 3px;
        margin: 10px 0;
    }
    
    

    5. 运算

    你可以对数值和颜色进行基本的数学运算。比如说我们想要两个紧邻的 div 标签,第二个标签是第一个标签的两倍宽并且拥有不同的背景色。

    @div- 100px;
    @color: #03A9F4;
    
    div{
        height: 50px;
        display: inline-block;
    }
    
    #left{
         @div-width;
        background-color: @color;
    }
    
    #right{
         @div-width * 2;
        background-color: @color;
    }
    
    

    编译成 CSS 如下:

    div {
        height: 50px;
        display: inline-block;
    }
    #left {
         100px;
        background-color: #03a9f4;
    }
    #right {
         200px;
        background-color: #03a9f4;
    }
    
    

    vw单位

    vw是css的一个属性,和px,rem等类似,属于长度单位。

    在浏览器中, 1 vw = viewport 的宽度 /100

    根据这个特性,vw 可以帮助我们实现移动端自适应布局,其优点在于所见即所得,甚至优于rem,因为完全不用使用额外的计算。

    推荐和sass、less这种css预处理语言一起使用,因为其可以定义变量及函数,会在使用vw上提供巨大帮助。

    @vv:7.5vw;
    
    .circle{
       100/@vv;
      height: 100/@vv;
      border: 1px solid red;
      border-radius: 50%;
      font-size: 16/@vv;
      text-align: center;
      line-height: 100/@vv;
    }
    
    header.clear{
       100%;
      height: 80/@vv;
      font-size: 42/@vv;
      background: #ededed;
      line-height: 80/@vv;
      text-align: center;
    }
    
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head lang="en">
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>vw布局练习</title>
        <link href="less/style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
    
    </head>
    
    <body>
        <header class="clear">
            这是header
        </header>
        <div class="circle">
            circle
        </div>
    </body>
    </html>
    

    下面三张图分别是在iphone 6|7|8 和ihone 6P|7P|8P 以及ipad Pro中的表现


    原理
    以设计稿为750为例,假设viewport代表窗口宽度

    750 => viewport
    7.5 => viewport/100
    //得到
    1vw => 7.5
    // 元素list 宽为300px
    300 => 300/7.5 vw
    //得到
    @vv = 7.5vw
    300 => 300/@vv
    
    

    阿里图标库iconfont使用

    话不多说 进入官网 https://www.iconfont.cn/
    搜索你想要的 ,比如【我的】

    出来以后加入购物车

    点击购物车

    点击添加至项目 这时你如果没登录的话 ,会让你登陆随便选择一个登陆方式比如 github

    登陆成功之后你可以选择新建也可以选择老的项目

    确定好之后会是这样一个页面,然后下载至本地

    下载后解压会是一些这样的文件

    然后像我这样把字体文件和css文件拿到你的项目里

    看下效果

    移动端首页制作

    顶部搜索框

    html

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
      <meta charset="UTF-8">
      <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
      <title>Document</title>
      <link rel="stylesheet" href="iconfont/iconfont.css">
      <link rel="stylesheet" href="less/style.css">
    </head>
    <body>
      <div class="com-header-area">
        <div class="search-box">
          <span class="iconfont icon-sousuo"></span>
          <input type="text" placeholder="书名、作者、出版社、ISBN、文具">
        </div>
      </div>
    </body>
    </html>
    
    

    less

    @vv:3.75vw;
    
    /*默认样式重置(css reset)*/
    *{
      margin: 0;
      font-size: 12/@vv; /* 中文字体大小的最小值 */
      /* font-family: xx; 也可以设置字体 */
    }
    ol,ul {
      list-style: none; /* 去除列表样式 */
      padding: 0;
      margin: 0;
    }
    
    a {
      color: #464646;
      text-decoration: none;
    }
    
    a:hover {
      color: #f60;
      text-decoration: underline;
    }
    
    .com-header-area{
      background-color: #f0f0f0;
      padding: 6/@vv 10/@vv;
      .search-box{
        background-color: #fff;
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        input{
          border: 0;
          padding: 6/@vv 0;
           100%;
        }
        span{
          font-size: 12/@vv;
        }
      }
    }
    
    

    热门搜索

    html

      <div class="com-content">
        <ul class="hot-search">
          <li class="hot">热门搜索:</li>
          <li><a href="#">高等数学</a></li>
          <li><a href="#">高等数学</a></li>
          <li><a href="#">高等数学</a></li>
          <li><a href="#">高等数学</a></li>
        </ul>
      </div>
    

    css

    .com-content{
      background-color:#e1e5ee;
      .hot-search{
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        background-color: #fff;
        padding: 2/@vv;
        li{
          margin: 0 4/@vv;
          &.hot{
            color: orange;
          }
          a{
            color: #ccc;
          }
        }
      }
    }
    

    轮播图

    html

          <div class="slide">
            <img src="img/slide.jpg">
          </div>
    

    css

      .slide {
        img {
          width : 375/@vv;
          height: 187.5/@vv;
        }
      }
    

    保证条款

    html

          <div class="guarantee-g">
            <span class="guarantee-span"><span class="check">√</span>保证正品</span>
            <span class="guarantee-span"><span class="check">√</span>保证低价</span>
            <span class="guarantee-span"><span class="check">√</span>24小时发货</span>
            <span class="guarantee-span"><span class="check">√</span>无理由退货</span>
          </div>
    

    css

      .guarantee-g {
        display        : flex;
        justify-content: center;
        background     : #fff;
    
        .guarantee-span {
          margin   : 6/@vv;
          .check {
            color: red;
          }
        }
      }
    

    五大模块

    html

          <div class="tab">
            <a href="#"><img src="img/classify.jpg">分类搜索</a>
            <a href="#"><img src="img/classify.jpg">分类搜索</a>
            <a href="#"><img src="img/classify.jpg">分类搜索</a>
            <a href="#"><img src="img/classify.jpg">分类搜索</a>
            <a href="#"><img src="img/classify.jpg">分类搜索</a>
          </div>
    

    css

      .tab {
        display        : flex;
        justify-content: space-around;
        background     : #fff;
        a {
          display       : flex;
          flex-direction: column;
          align-items   : center;
          padding       : 6/@vv;
          img {
            width : 26/@vv;
            height: 26/@vv;
          }
        }
      }
    

    中栏广告

    html

        <div class="bookList">
            <div>
              <a href="#"><img style="100%;" src="img/ico_index.gif"></a>
            </div>
          </div>
    

    推荐图书

    html

          <div class="bookList">
            <div>
              <a href="#"><img style="100%;" src="img/ico_index.gif"></a>
            </div>
            <div class="book-items">
              <div class="item">
                <span class=book_recommend>推荐图书</span>
                <span class="left-arrow">您喜欢的都在这里</span>
                <a class="span-more">更多</a>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
    

    css

    .book-items {
        background: #fff;
        color     : #757070;
    
    	.item {
          line-height: 42/@vv;
          display    : flex;
          font-weight: bold;
          .book_recommend {
            font-size  : 14/@vv;
            margin-left: 14/@vv;
          }
    
          .left-arrow {
            margin-left: 20/@vv;
          }
    
          a {
            margin-left : auto;
            margin-right: 20/@vv;
          }
        }
      }
    

    推荐图书列表

    html

       <div class="list-recommend">
              <ul>
                <li>
                  <a href="#">
                    <div class="book-img">
                      <img alt="阿弥陀佛么么哒" src="img/book.jpg">
                    </div>
                    <div class="bookName">阿弥陀佛么么哒</div>
                    <div class="price">
                      <span>有路价 ¥15.00</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="priceVip">
                      <span>VIP价 ¥14.30</span>
                    </div>
                  </a>
                </li>
                <li><a href="#">
                    <div class="book-img"><img alt="乖.摸摸头" src="img/book.jpg"></div>
                    <div class="bookName">乖.摸摸头</div>
                    <div class="price">
                      <span>有路价 ¥14.00</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="priceVip">
                      <span>VIP价 ¥13.30</span>
                    </div>
                  </a></li>
                <li><a href="#">
                    <div class="book-img"><img alt="好吗好的" src="img/book.jpg"></div>
                    <div class="bookName">好吗好的</div>
                    <div class="price">
                      <span>有路价 ¥15.00</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="priceVip">
                      <span>VIP价 ¥14.30</span>
                    </div>
                  </a></li>
              </ul>
            </div>
    

    css

     .list-recommend ul {
          display: flex;
          li {
            display        : flex;
            flex-direction: column;
            align-items: center;
            flex           : 1;
            img {
              max-width    : 80/@vv;
              margin-bottom: 10/@vv;
            }
            .priceVip {
              color: #f28181;
            }
          }
        }
    

    换一换

    html

           <div class="book-refresh">
                <a class="a_recommend_change" href="#"><span>换一换</span></a>
           </div>
    

    css

        .book-refresh {
          display        : flex;
          justify-content: center;
          line-height    : 40/@vv;
        }
    

    特色教材

    html

            <div class="book-items">
              <div class="item">
                <span class=book_recommend>特色教材</span>
                <span class="left-arrow">大学里受欢迎的书</span>
              </div>
            </div>
    

    特色教材列表

    html

              <div class="bookInfo">
              <ul>
                <li class="bi_li">
                  <div class="bi-l">
                    <img src="img/car.jpg" alt="汽车理论(第5版)">
                  </div>
                  <div class="bi-r">
                    <a href="/#">
                      <div class="name">汽车理论(第5版)</div>
                    </a>
                    <div class="author">余志生</div>
                    <div class="price">
                      <span>有路价:</span>
                      <span>¥14.00</span>
                      <span>39折</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="price priceVip">
                      <span>VIP 价:</span>
                      <span class="Vip">
                        ¥13.30
                      </span>
                      <span>37折</span></div>
                    <div class="price">
                      <span>团购价:</span>
                      <span>
                        ¥11.20
                      </span>
                      <span>31折</span></div>
                  </div>
                </li>
                <li class="bi_li">
                  <div class="bi-l">
                    <img src="img/car.jpg" alt="汽车理论(第5版)">
                  </div>
                  <div class="bi-r">
                    <a href="/#">
                      <div class="name">汽车理论(第5版)</div>
                    </a>
                    <div class="author">余志生</div>
                    <div class="price">
                      <span>有路价:</span>
                      <span>¥14.00</span>
                      <span>39折</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="price priceVip">
                      <span>VIP 价:</span>
                      <span class="Vip">
                        ¥13.30
                      </span>
                      <span>37折</span></div>
                    <div class="price">
                      <span>团购价:</span>
                      <span>
                        ¥11.20
                      </span>
                      <span>31折</span></div>
                  </div>
                </li>
                <li class="bi_li">
                  <div class="bi-l">
                    <img src="img/car.jpg" alt="汽车理论(第5版)">
                  </div>
                  <div class="bi-r">
                    <a href="/#">
                      <div class="name">汽车理论(第5版)</div>
                    </a>
                    <div class="author">余志生</div>
                    <div class="price">
                      <span>有路价:</span>
                      <span>¥14.00</span>
                      <span>39折</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="price priceVip">
                      <span>VIP 价:</span>
                      <span class="Vip">
                        ¥13.30
                      </span>
                      <span>37折</span></div>
                    <div class="price">
                      <span>团购价:</span>
                      <span>
                        ¥11.20
                      </span>
                      <span>31折</span></div>
                  </div>
                </li>
              </ul>
            </div>
    

    css

      .bookInfo {
          font-size: 14/@vv;
          .bi_li {
            display: flex;
            padding: 10 / @vv;
            align-items: center;
            .bi-l img {
              max-height: 90 / @vv;
               80 / @vv;
            }
            .bi-r {
              margin-left: 12 / @vv;
              .priceVip {
                color: #f28181;
              }
              .price {
                display: flex;
                line-height: 14 / @vv;
                span {
                  flex: 1 1 auto;
                  margin-left: 6 / @vv;
                }
                span:first-child {
                  margin-left: 0;
                }
                span:last-child {
                  color: #f28181;
                  border-color: #f28181;
                  display: flex;
                  align-items: center;
                  padding: 0 6 / @vv;
                  font-weight: 400;
                  border: 0.5/ @vv solid #f28181;
                  border-radius: 4 / @vv;
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }
    

    底部导航

    html

        <div class="footer_nav">
          <div class="footer-tab">
            <a class="footer_nav_a" href="#"><i class="iconfont icon-fangdajing"></i>首页</a>
            <a class="footer_nav_a" href="#"><i class="iconfont icon-fangdajing"></i>我要卖书</a>
            <a class="footer_nav_a" href="#"><i class="iconfont icon-fangdajing"></i>购物车</a>
            <a class="footer_nav_a" href="#"><i class="iconfont icon-fangdajing"></i>我的有路</a>
          </div>
        </div>
    

    css

    .footer_nav {
      width           : 100%;
      position        : fixed;
      bottom          : 0;
      background-color: #fcfcfc;
      z-index         : 99;
      .footer-tab {
        display        : flex;
        justify-content: space-between;
        a {
          height         : 50/@vv;
          display        : flex;
          flex-direction: column;
          justify-content: center;
          align-items    : center;
          flex           : 1;
          .icon-fangdajing{
            font-size: 26/@vv;
          }
        }
      }
    }
    

    完整代码

    html

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
      <head>
        <meta
          charset="UTF-8"
          content="width=device-width, minimum-scale=1.0,initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no"
          id="viewport"
          name="viewport"
        />
        <title>Title</title>
        <link href="iconfont/iconfont.css" rel="stylesheet" />
        <link href="less/style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
      </head>
    
      <body>
        <div class="com-header-area">
          <div class="search-box">
            <span class="iconfont icon-sousuo"></span>
            <input
              type="text"
              placeholder="书名、作者、出版社、ISBN、文具"
              value=""
            />
          </div>
        </div>
    
        <div class="com-content">
          <div class="hot-search">
            <ul>
              <li><span class="hot">热门搜索:</span></li>
              <li><a>高等数学</a></li>
              <li><a>高等数学</a></li>
              <li><a>高等数学</a></li>
              <li><a>高等数学</a></li>
            </ul>
          </div>
    
          <div class="slide">
            <img src="img/slide.jpg">
          </div>
    
          <div class="guarantee-g">
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/songboriceboy/p/13495510.html
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