Guava Enums解决emue中的ValueOf找不到枚举的解决方法

在 GitHub 上查看。

问题

在你知道输入有效的时候，使用Enum.valueOf非常棒。但是，如果传入无效的名称，那么将抛出异常。在某些情况下，这很好。不过，在通常情况下，我们宁愿忽略异常并返回null。

log.debug("Running valueOf");
for (String name : names) {
    try {
        log.debug("looking up {} found {}", name, Json.serializer().toString(CardSuit.valueOf(name)));
    } catch (Exception ex) {
        log.warn("Exception Thrown", ex);
    }
}

2017-02-22 14:46:38.556 [main] DEBUG c.s.examples.common.EnumLookup - Running valueOf
2017-02-22 14:46:38.804 [main] DEBUG c.s.examples.common.EnumLookup - looking up SPADE found {"displayName":"Spade","symbol":"♠","color":"BLACK"}
2017-02-22 14:46:38.806 [main] DEBUG c.s.examples.common.EnumLookup - looking up HEART found {"displayName":"Heart","symbol":"♥","color":"RED"}
2017-02-22 14:46:38.806 [main] DEBUG c.s.examples.common.EnumLookup - looking up DIAMOND found {"displayName":"Diamond","symbol":"♦","color":"RED"}
2017-02-22 14:46:38.806 [main] DEBUG c.s.examples.common.EnumLookup - looking up CLUB found {"displayName":"Club","symbol":"♣","color":"BLACK"}
2017-02-22 14:46:38.808 [main] WARN  c.s.examples.common.EnumLookup - Exception Thrown
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: No enum constant com.stubbornjava.examples.common.EnumLookup.CardSuit.Missing
  at java.lang.Enum.valueOf(Enum.java:238)
  at com.stubbornjava.examples.common.EnumLookup$CardSuit.valueOf(EnumLookup.java:1)
  at com.stubbornjava.examples.common.EnumLookup.main(EnumLookup.java:154)

拙劣的实现

很不幸的是，以下两种方法在代码库中出现得是这么的频繁。反面例子，勿学。

Enum.valueOf With Try Catch（劣）

这种拙劣的做法最常见于初学者。异常不应该用于控制流，并且这样可能会有一些性能影响。不要偷懒。你必须用正确的方式去做。

/*
 * Please don't do this! Using try / catch for
 * control flow is a bad practice.
 */
public static CardSuit trycatchValueOf(String name) {
    try {
        return CardSuit.valueOf(name);
    } catch (Exception ex) {
        log.warn("Exception Thrown", ex);
        return null;
    }
}

log.debug("Running trycatchValueOf");
for (String name : names) {
    log.debug("looking up {} found {}", name, Json.serializer().toString(CardSuit.trycatchValueOf(name)));
}

2017-02-22 14:46:38.809 [main] DEBUG c.s.examples.common.EnumLookup - Running trycatchValueOf
2017-02-22 14:46:38.809 [main] DEBUG c.s.examples.common.EnumLookup - looking up SPADE found {"displayName":"Spade","symbol":"♠","color":"BLACK"}
2017-02-22 14:46:38.809 [main] DEBUG c.s.examples.common.EnumLookup - looking up HEART found {"displayName":"Heart","symbol":"♥","color":"RED"}
2017-02-22 14:46:38.809 [main] DEBUG c.s.examples.common.EnumLookup - looking up DIAMOND found {"displayName":"Diamond","symbol":"♦","color":"RED"}
2017-02-22 14:46:38.809 [main] DEBUG c.s.examples.common.EnumLookup - looking up CLUB found {"displayName":"Club","symbol":"♣","color":"BLACK"}
2017-02-22 14:46:38.809 [main] WARN  c.s.examples.common.EnumLookup - Exception Thrown
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: No enum constant com.stubbornjava.examples.common.EnumLookup.CardSuit.Missing
  at java.lang.Enum.valueOf(Enum.java:238)
  at com.stubbornjava.examples.common.EnumLookup$CardSuit.valueOf(EnumLookup.java:1)
  at com.stubbornjava.examples.common.EnumLookup$CardSuit.trycatchValueOf(EnumLookup.java:89)
  at com.stubbornjava.examples.common.EnumLookup.main(EnumLookup.java:171)
2017-02-22 14:46:38.809 [main] DEBUG c.s.examples.common.EnumLookup - looking up Missing found null

通过迭代查找（劣）

这种方法也很常见（见这里），但至少程序员知道不能用try/catch来捕获异常。那么，这种方法有什么问题呢？没错，它会迭代所有枚举，直到找到匹配的枚举或返回null——最坏的情况下需要n次，其中n就是枚举值的数量。有些人可能会认为这微不足道，这是过早优化了而已。但是，数据结构和算法是CS基础。使用Map而不是迭代集合要省力得多。这会大大提高性能吗？不，但它是一个很好的习惯。在面试候选人时，你会对线性复杂度搜索算法感到满意吗？此时，你不应该让这样的代码审查通过。

/*
 * Please don't do this! It is inefficient and it's
 * not very hard to use Guava or a static Map as an index.
 */
public static CardSuit iterationFindByName(String name) {
    for (CardSuit suit : CardSuit.values()) {
        if (name.equals(suit.name())) {
            return suit;
        }
    }
    return null;
}

log.debug("Running iteration");
for (String name : names) {
    log.debug("looking up {} found {}", name, Json.serializer().toString(CardSuit.iterationFindByName(name)));
}

2017-02-22 14:46:38.808 [main] DEBUG c.s.examples.common.EnumLookup - Running iteration
2017-02-22 14:46:38.809 [main] DEBUG c.s.examples.common.EnumLookup - looking up SPADE found {"displayName":"Spade","symbol":"♠","color":"BLACK"}
2017-02-22 14:46:38.809 [main] DEBUG c.s.examples.common.EnumLookup - looking up HEART found {"displayName":"Heart","symbol":"♥","color":"RED"}
2017-02-22 14:46:38.809 [main] DEBUG c.s.examples.common.EnumLookup - looking up DIAMOND found {"displayName":"Diamond","symbol":"♦","color":"RED"}
2017-02-22 14:46:38.809 [main] DEBUG c.s.examples.common.EnumLookup - looking up CLUB found {"displayName":"Club","symbol":"♣","color":"BLACK"}
2017-02-22 14:46:38.809 [main] DEBUG c.s.examples.common.EnumLookup - looking up Missing found null

我们可以用谷歌的Guava Enums解决ValueOf中找到枚举的异常:
Enums提供了几个操作Enum的便利方法

常用方法

Field getField(Enum<?> enumValue): 返回变量名为enumValue变量值的Field

<T extends Enum<T>> Function<String, T> valueOfFunction(Class<T> enumClass): 返回一个可以将enum名字字符串转换成指定类型的enum的, 如果enum不存在时,Function将返回null

Optional<T> getIfPresent(Class<T> enumClass, String value): 使用Enum.valueOf()来返回指定名称和class的Enum的Optional,如果不存在则返回Absent, 常见用法Enums.getIfPresent(Country.class, countryInput).or(Country.DEFAULT)

代码:

package simplefactory;

import com.google.common.base.Enums;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;


/**
 * @author 黄豪强
 * @create 2019/7/24 16:11
 */
public class RealObjectImpl implements RealObject {
    public Object select(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, InvocationTargetException {
        StarEmue aa = Enums.getIfPresent(StarEmue.class, name).or(StarEmue.NoStar);
        String a = aa.getS();
        Class star = Class.forName(a);
        return star.newInstance();
    }
}

枚举：

package simplefactory;

/**
 * @author 黄豪强
 * @create 2019/7/25 9:50
 */
public enum StarEmue {

    James("simplefactory.James"), Jodren("simplefactory.Jodren"),NoStar("simplefactory.NoStar");
    private String s;

    private StarEmue(String s) {
        this.s = s;
    }

    public String getS() {
        return s;
    }

    public void setS(String s) {
        this.s = s;
    }
}