通过前3章文章,大致对ORM有一定的了解,但也存在效率低下(大量用了反射)和重复代码,今天我们要对ORM进行优化。
具体流程如下:
我们优化的第一个就是减少反射调用,我的思路是定义一个Mapping,把表名、字段名信息缓存起来,EntityMapping 表示实体类信息对应数据库中的table,MemberMapping表示实体类的属性对应数据库中的Column。
EntityMapping代码:
class EntityMapping { /// <summary> /// 对应实体类类型 /// </summary> public Type EntityType { get; internal set; } /// <summary> /// 表名 /// </summary> public string TableName { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 实体属性 /// </summary> public List<MemberMapping> Members; /// <summary> /// 主键 /// </summary> public List<MemberMapping> PrimaryKey { get; set; } }
MemberMapping代码:
class MemberMapping { /// <summary> /// 列名 /// </summary> public string ColumnName { get; internal set; } /// <summary> /// 属性名 /// </summary> public PropertyInfo Member { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 是否为主键 /// </summary> public bool IsPrimaryKey { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 是否为数据库自动生成 /// </summary> public bool IsDbGenerated { get; set; } }
有Mapping后,我们现在要做的是把实体类里的信息存到Mapping类中,我在这里定义了一个AttributeMapping,里面方法如下:
class AttributeMapping { private static Dictionary<Type, EntityMapping> entityMappings = new Dictionary<Type, EntityMapping>(); public static EntityMapping Get<T>() public static EntityMapping Get(Type type) private static EntityMapping CreateMapping(Type type) }
其中Get方法就是根据实体类返回Mapping信息,而CreateMapping则是创建Mapping,具体代码见附件下载。
Mapping信息有了,我们需要做的是把重构之前的EntityHelper类,而这个类里有大量的链接数据库、操作数据库代码,我们把这些信息抽离到一个单独类,就好比我们常用的DbHelper类,而这个类我命名为DbProvider。
class DbProvider { private IDbConnection conntion; public DbProvider(IDbConnection conntion) public virtual int ExecuteNonQuery(string sql, Dictionary<string, object> parameters) public virtual IDataReader ExecuteReader(string sql, Dictionary<string, object> parameters) }
EntityHelper类还有大量的SQL生成语句,我们为了简化EntityHelper类把SQL生成的代码放到单独的DbSqlBuilder类,为啥要这么做呢?除了简化代码外,还有就是为了适应不同的Db。
class DbSqlBuilder { public string BuildInsertSql(EntityMapping entityMapping, List<string> columnNames) public string BuildUpdateSql(EntityMapping entityMapping, List<string> updateColumns,List<string> whereColumns) public string BuildDeleteSql(EntityMapping entityMapping, List<string> whereColumns) public string BuildSelectSql(EntityMapping entityMapping,string strWhere, string orderBy) }
为什么参数里要传递List<string>呢?因为我们拼SQL语句要用到列名的,修改后的EntityHelper(我在这里将名字改成DbContext)。
将数据库操作和SQL生成代码放到单独类里,回头再看下DbContext代码,比原来的简洁了很多。
class DbContext { private DbProvider dbProvider; private DbSqlBuilder sqlBuilder ; public DbContext(string connectionString) { SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connectionString); dbProvider = new DbProvider(conn); this.sqlBuilder = new DbSqlBuilder(); } public int Insert<T>(object entity) { var entityMapping = AttributeMapping.Get<T>(); //将Entity转换成Dictionary var parameters = DynamicMethodBuilder.ConvertFromObject(entity); var sql = sqlBuilder.BuildInsertSql(entityMapping, parameters.Keys.ToList()); return dbProvider.ExecuteNonQuery(sql, parameters); } public int Update<T>(T entity) { var entityMapping = AttributeMapping.Get<T>(); //将Entity转换成Dictionary var parameters = DynamicMethodBuilder.ConvertFromObject(entity); var columns = entityMapping.Members.Where(m => m.IsDbGenerated == false && m.IsPrimaryKey == false).Select(c => c.ColumnName).ToArray(); var updateColumns = new Dictionary<string, object>(); var whereColumns = new Dictionary<string, object>(); foreach (var item in parameters) { if (columns.Contains(item.Key)) updateColumns.Add(item.Key, item.Value); if (entityMapping.PrimaryKey.All(m => m.ColumnName == item.Key)) whereColumns.Add(item.Key, item.Value); } var sql = sqlBuilder.BuildUpdateSql(entityMapping, updateColumns.Keys.ToList(), whereColumns.Keys.ToList()); return dbProvider.ExecuteNonQuery(sql, parameters); } public int DeleteByKey<T>(params object[] values) { var entityMapping = AttributeMapping.Get<T>(); if (values.Length != entityMapping.PrimaryKey.Count) throw new ArgumentException("参数个数和主键数不一致"); var parameters = new Dictionary<string, object>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase); for (int i = 0; i < entityMapping.PrimaryKey.Count; i++) { parameters.Add(entityMapping.PrimaryKey[i].ColumnName, values[i]); } var sql = sqlBuilder.BuildDeleteSql(entityMapping, parameters.Keys.ToList()); return dbProvider.ExecuteNonQuery(sql, parameters); } public T Get<T>(object[] values) { var entityMapping = AttributeMapping.Get<T>(); if (values.Length != entityMapping.PrimaryKey.Count) throw new ArgumentException("参数个数和主键数不一致"); var parameters = new Dictionary<string, object>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase); StringBuilder where = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < values.Length; i++) { if (i > 0) //考虑到有多个主键 where.Append(" AND "); where.Append(entityMapping.PrimaryKey[i].ColumnName).Append("=").Append("@p").Append(i); /*参数*/ parameters.Add("@p" + i, values[i]); } var sql = this.sqlBuilder.BuildSelectSql(entityMapping, where.ToString(), string.Empty); return GetEntityList<T>(sql, parameters).FirstOrDefault(); } public List<T> GetList<T>(string where, string orderBy) { var entityMapping = AttributeMapping.Get<T>(); var sql = this.sqlBuilder.BuildSelectSql(entityMapping, where.ToString(), orderBy); return GetEntityList<T>(sql, null); } public List<T> GetEntityList<T>(string sql, Dictionary<string, object> parameters) { var reader = dbProvider.ExecuteReader(sql, parameters); List<T> list = new List<T>(); var type = typeof(T); var properties = type.GetProperties(); while (reader.Read()) { var user = Activator.CreateInstance(type); for (int i = 0; i < properties.Length; i++) { var pi = properties[i]; if (reader[pi.Name] != null) //等同于 if (reader["UserId"] != null)这样的语句 pi.SetValue(user, reader[pi.Name], null); //等同于 user.UserId = (int)reader["UserId"]; } list.Add((T)user); } return list; } }
本章结束,下一章要将DataReader转换成实体类的代码优化。