• Linux EPOLL内核代码学习笔记


    内容目录

    • 什么是EPOLL
    • EPOLL接口
    • EPOLL机制
    • 两张图

    什么是EPOLL

    摘录自manpage介绍

    man:epoll(7) epoll(4)
      epoll is a variant of poll(2) that can be used either as an edge-triggered or a level-triggered interface and scales well to large numbers of watched file descriptors. 

    EPOLL接口

    epoll_create (or epoll_create1)
        epoll_create  opens an epoll file descriptor by requesting the kernel to allocate an event backing store dimensioned for  size descriptors.


    epoll_ctl
        epoll_ctl() opens an epoll file descriptor by requesting the kernel to allocate an event backing store dimensioned for  size descriptors.


    epoll_wait
         The  epoll_wait()  system call waits for events on the epoll file descriptor epfd for a maximum time of timeout millisec-onds.

    Linux内核EPOLL实现

    关键数据结构:

    struct eventpoll

        每个epoll文件都有一个struct eventpoll,存储在epoll文件的priv_data中,其主要成员如下图所示:

     

     wait_queue_head_t wq  sys_epoll_wait使用的等待队列

    struct list_head rdllist:  准备好的文件列表

    struct rb_root rbr:    存储被监控的fdRB

    struct ovflist:      单链表结构,当正在传输已准备好事件到用户层时,将发生的事件拷贝到该链表

     

    struct epitem

       每个被监控文件设备都有一个对应的struct epitem,其成员如下图所示

    struct rb_node rbn:   链接到eventpoll RB tree的节点

    struct list_head rdllink: 链接到eventpoll ready list,即rdllist

    struct epoll_filefd ffd:  被监控文件的信息,包括*filefd

    struct list_head pwqlist: 包含poll wait queues的列表

    struct eventpoll *ep:   指向这个item所属的ep

    struct list_head fllink:  链接到被监控文件(目标文件)f_ep_links条目列表

    struct epoll_event event:描述感兴趣的事件和fd

     

    struct eppoll_entry

       struct eppoll_entry用于socketpoll的钩子。它与被监控文件的struct  epitem结构是一一对应的,ep_ptable_queue_proc函数通过这个结构体,把epoll wait queue添加到目标文件(被监控socket文件)的唤醒队列上。

    红黑树结构:

       红黑树用于存储和组织代表被监控设备文件的struct epitem结构体。

     

     Linux EPOLL接口内核实现

     epoll_create接口分析

    1) ep_alloc  

    创建新的struct eventpoll结构体

    2get_unused_fd_flags

    获取一个空闲的文件描述符,即fd

    3anon_inode_getfile

    创建一个新的struct file实例,并且挂载到一个匿名inode节点上;

    struct eventpoll赋值给epoll文件的struct file->private_data

    4fd_install

    安装struct filefile array

    5struct eventpoll->file = epoll文件struct file

    epoll_ctl接口分析

    相关的处理函数:ep_insert,ep_remove和ep_modify

    1)ep_insert:

    ep_insert代码片段:

     1 struct ep_pqueue epq;
     2 
     3 epq.epi = epi;
     4 
     5  
     6 
     7 /* 初始化epq.pt的proc和key两个变量,为下面的函数做准备*/
     8 
     9 init_poll_funcptr(&epq.pt, ep_ptable_queue_proc);
    10 
    11 sock = file->private_data;
    12 
    13  
    14 
    15 /* 目标文件的文件操作poll,即socket_file_ops的sock_poll函数:
    16 
    17  (socket_file_ops .poll = sock_poll)
    18 
    19 return sock->ops->poll(file, sock, wait);
    20 
    21 即inet_stream_ops的tcp_poll,或者inet_dgram_ops的udp_poll
    22 
    23 这两个函数都有相同的一句:
    24 
    25 sock_poll_wait(file, sk_sleep(sk), wait);
    26 
    27 -->poll_wait(filp, wait_address, p);   #把pwq添加到socket的sk_wq
    28 
    29    -->p->qproc(filp, wait_address, p); ###即调用ep_ptable_queue_proc
    30 
    31  */
    32 
    33 revents = tfile->f_op->poll(tfile, &epq.pt);
    34 
    35  ……
    36 
    37  /* 把epi插入到ep的红黑树上 */
    38 
    39 ep_rbtree_insert(ep, epi);
    40 
    41  
    42 
    43 /* 如果被监控事件已经发生,且未加入到ep->rdllist链表中,则epitem添加到ep->rdllist链表上 */
    44 
    45 if ((revents & event->events) && !ep_is_linked(&epi->rdllink)) {
    46 
    47 list_add_tail(&epi->rdllink, &ep->rdllist);
    48 
    49  
    50 
    51 /* 通知等待任务,已经有事件发生 */
    52 
    53 if (waitqueue_active(&ep->wq))
    54 
    55 wake_up_locked(&ep->wq);
    56 
    57 if (waitqueue_active(&ep->poll_wait))
    58 
    59 pwake++;
    60 
    61 }
    62 
    63  ……

      2)ep_ptable_queue_proc函数分析:

    函数实现功能:

    1)安装事件回调函数ep_poll_callback,并返回当前事件

    2)并把struct eppoll_entry 即等待队列添加到sk_sleep(sk)的等待队列头

    处理流程:

    1)把epitem对应的waitqueue添加到socketsk_wq,并返回当前可用事件

    2epi->fllink is added to tfile->f_ep_linkss

    3epi(event poll item) is added to event poll (according to a epoll fd)

    4)返回事件中有需要的poll事件,并且epi->rdlink未被连接,则添加到ep->rdllist

    5)唤醒ep->wq   ##调用sys_poll_wait函数触发

    6)唤醒ep->poll_wait  ## 调用file->poll函数触发

     struct ep_pqueue {

    poll_table pt;   ###查询表

    struct epitem *epi;   ##被监控文件的条目信息

    };

    代码分析:

    ep_ptable_queue_proc

    -->create struct eppoll_entry *pwq;

    -->initialize  pwq->wait->func = ep_poll_callback   ##注册socket wait queue poll函数

    --> pwq->whead = whead  ### whead = sk_sleep(sock->sk)

    -->pwq->base = epi       ### event poll item

    -->add_wait_queue:      ###pwq->wait will be added to whead

    --> list_add_tail :        ###pwq->llink  added to epi->pwqlist

     1 static void ep_ptable_queue_proc(struct file *file, wait_queue_head_t *whead,  poll_table *pt)
     2 {
     3   struct epitem *epi = ep_item_from_epqueue(pt);
     4   struct eppoll_entry *pwq;
     5 
     6   if (epi->nwait >= 0 && (pwq = kmem_cache_alloc(pwq_cache, GFP_KERNEL))) { 
     7     init_waitqueue_func_entry(&pwq->wait, ep_poll_callback); ###初始化wait回调函数 
     8     pwq->whead = whead;   ###即sock->sk_wq->wait
     9     pwq->base = epi;       ###要监听的文件的epitem
    10     add_wait_queue(whead, &pwq->wait);   ###添加到sock的等待队列中
    11     list_add_tail(&pwq->llink, &epi->pwqlist); ###添加到epitem的poll wait queues列表
    12     epi->nwait++;
    13   } else {
    14     /* We have to signal that an error occurred */
    15     epi->nwait = -1;
    16   }
    17 }

     3)ep_poll_callback函数

    函数功能:

    这个回调函数由等待队列唤醒机制进行处理。当被监控的文件描述符有事件报告时,则由该文件描述符的相关函数来调用。

    1)处理ep->ovflist链表

    当应用接口拷贝已发生的事件时,又有新的事件发生,则把新事件链接到ovflist链表

    2)如果该epi->rdllink还没被链接,则添加到ep->rdllist链表

    3)如果在用户层有等待队列ep->wq,则唤醒用户态的等待进程

    epoll_wait接口分析

    epoll_wait在内核中的处理函数是ep_poll,它主要做如下三个方面的工作:

    1)超时时间处理

      if (timeout > 0) {

        struct timespec end_time = ep_set_mstimeout(timeout);

        slack = select_estimate_accuracy(&end_time);

        to = &expires;

        *to = timespec_to_ktime(end_time);

      } else if (timeout == 0) {

        /*

         * Avoid the unnecessary trip to the wait queue loop, if the

         * caller specified a non blocking operation.

         */

        timed_out = 1;

        spin_lock_irqsave(&ep->lock, flags);

        goto check_events;

      }

    1)如果超时时间大于0,则设置struct timespec类型的结束时间,并转换为ktime_t类型;

    2)如果超时时间等于0,则设置timed_out1,直接跳转到检查事件代码。

    2)等待事件通知

    如果超时时间大于0 ,则进入获取事件的流程。

     1 fetch_events:
     2   spin_lock_irqsave(&ep->lock, flags);  /* 获取事件锁 */ 
     3 
     4   /* 首先检查当前是否有事件发生,如果有则直接跳转到check_events流程 */
     5   if (!ep_events_available(ep)) { 
     6     /*
     7      * We don't have any available event to return to the caller.
     8      * We need to sleep here, and we will be wake up by
     9      * ep_poll_callback() when events will become available. 
    10      */
    11       /* 初始化等待队列wait,并将等待队列加入到epoll的等待队列链表ep->wq */
    12     init_waitqueue_entry(&wait, current);
    13     __add_wait_queue_exclusive(&ep->wq, &wait);
    14 
    15     for (;;) {
    16       /*
    17        * We don't want to sleep if the ep_poll_callback() sends us
    18        * a wakeup in between. That's why we set the task state
    19        * to TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE before doing the checks.
    20        */
    21       /* 设置当前进程为可中断状态 */
    22       set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
    23       /* 如果当前有事件发生,或者已经超时,则退出事件检查的循环 */
    24       if (ep_events_available(ep) || timed_out)
    25         break;
    26 
    27       /* 给当前进程发送pending信号 */
    28       if (signal_pending(current)) {
    29         res = -EINTR;
    30         break;
    31       }
    32       /* 释放ep->lock自旋所,进程睡眠到超时时间 */
    33       spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ep->lock, flags);
    34       if (!schedule_hrtimeout_range(to, slack, HRTIMER_MODE_ABS))
    35         timed_out = 1;
    36
    37       spin_lock_irqsave(&ep->lock, flags);
    38     }
    39 
    40     /* 如果当前进程睡眠时间到,或者有事件触发,则把当前进程从ep->wait等待事件列表中移除,并设置为RUNNING状态  */
    41     __remove_wait_queue(&ep->wq, &wait);
    42
    43     set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
    44   }

    3)处理已触发事件

     1 check_events:
     2   /* Is it worth to try to dig for events ? */
     3 
     4   eavail = ep_events_available(ep);
     5 
     6   spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ep->lock, flags);
     7 
     8   /*
     9    * Try to transfer events to user space. In case we get 0 events and
    10    * there's still timeout left over, we go trying again in search of
    11    * more luck.
    12   */
    13     /* res为0,并且已有事件触发,则将已经发生事件拷贝到用户态 */
    14   if (!res && eavail &&
    15       !(res = ep_send_events(ep, events, maxevents)) && !timed_out)
    16     goto fetch_events;
    17 
    18 return res;
    19 

    4)ep_send_events处理函数

      调用ep_scan_ready_list函数,扫描epollrdllist链表,并将事件拷贝到用户态。

      实际调用函数ep_scan_ready_list

      return ep_scan_ready_list(ep, ep_send_events_proc, &esed, 0, false);

    5)ep_scan_ready_list

    1)获取epollrdllist链表:

      spin_lock_irqsave(&ep->lock, flags);

      /* 获取这个rdllist链表 */

      list_splice_init(&ep->rdllist, &txlist); 

      /* 设置ovflist为空 */

      /* ovflist单向链表在这里的作用是,告诉ep_poll_callback函数,当前有进程在拷贝事件,如果有新的事件发生,则放到该链表中 */

      ep->ovflist = NULL;

      spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ep->lock, flags);

    2)调用事件回调函数,将事件拷贝到用户态

      error = (*sproc)(ep, &txlist, priv);

      即调用ep_send_events_proc函数

    3)处理ep->ovflist链表

      如果在拷贝事件过程中,有新的事件触发,则需要把新的实际链接到epollrdllist链表中。

     1 /*
     2  * During the time we spent inside the "sproc" callback, some
     3  * other events might have been queued by the poll callback.
     4  * We re-insert them inside the main ready-list here.
     5  */
     6 for (nepi = ep->ovflist; (epi = nepi) != NULL;
     7      nepi = epi->next, epi->next = EP_UNACTIVE_PTR) {
     8 /*
     9  * We need to check if the item is already in the list.
    10  * During the "sproc" callback execution time, items are
    11  * queued into ->ovflist but the "txlist" might already
    12  * contain them, and the list_splice() below takes care of them.
    13  */
    14 if (!ep_is_linked(&epi->rdllink))
    15   list_add_tail(&epi->rdllink, &ep->rdllist);
    16 } 
    17 /*
    18  * We need to set back ep->ovflist to EP_UNACTIVE_PTR, so that after 
    19  * releasing the lock, events will be queued in the normal way inside
    20  * ep->rdllist.
    21 */ 22 ep->ovflist = EP_UNACTIVE_PTR; 23 24 /* 25 * Quickly re-inject items left on "txlist". 26 */ 27 28 list_splice(&txlist, &ep->rdllist);

    3)如果epoll还有用户处于等待状态,则唤醒该用户

    if (!list_empty(&ep->rdllist)) {

      /*

       * Wake up (if active) both the eventpoll wait list and

       * the ->poll() wait list (delayed after we release the lock).

       */

      if (waitqueue_active(&ep->wq))

        wake_up_locked(&ep->wq);

      if (waitqueue_active(&ep->poll_wait))

        pwake++;

    }

    6)ep_send_events_proc函数

    /* 遍历获取的已触发事件链表 */

    for (eventcnt = 0, uevent = esed->events;

         !list_empty(head) && eventcnt < esed->maxevents;) {

      epi = list_first_entry(head, struct epitem, rdllink);

      list_del_init(&epi->rdllink);

        /* 调用被监控设备文件的poll函数,即tcp_poll,或者udp_poll等函数

      * 注意:此处调用,第二个参数poll_table *wait为空,

      * 已经在ep_insert函数中,把监听任务挂载到socketsk_sleep队列上,

      * 所以此处不需要再处理

       */

      revents = epi->ffd.file->f_op->poll(epi->ffd.file, NULL) &

      epi->event.events;

      /*

       * If the event mask intersect the caller-requested one,

       * deliver the event to userspace. Again, ep_scan_ready_list()

       * is holding "mtx", so no operations coming from userspace

       * can change the item.

       */

      /* 如果有触发事件,则将事件拷贝到用户态空间 */

      if (revents) {

        if (__put_user(revents, &uevent->events) ||

            __put_user(epi->event.data, &uevent->data)) {

          list_add(&epi->rdllink, head);

          return eventcnt ? eventcnt : -EFAULT;

        }

        eventcnt++;

        uevent++;

        if (epi->event.events & EPOLLONESHOT)

          epi->event.events &= EP_PRIVATE_BITS;

        else if (!(epi->event.events & EPOLLET)) {

          /* 此处为边缘触发流程:

          * 如果为水平触发,则将触发事件的epi再次链接到epollrdllist链表

          */

          /*

           * If this file has been added with Level

           * Trigger mode, we need to insert back inside

           * the ready list, so that the next call to

           * epoll_wait() will check again the events

           * availability. At this point, no one can insert

           * into ep->rdllist besides us. The epoll_ctl()

           * callers are locked out by

           * ep_scan_ready_list() holding "mtx" and the

           * poll callback will queue them in ep->ovflist.

           */

          list_add_tail(&epi->rdllink, &ep->rdllist);

        }

      }

    }

    socket事件通知

    inet_create

    -->sock_init_data

    --> sk->sk_state_change = sock_def_wakeup;

    sk->sk_data_ready = sock_def_readable;  ## readable, POLLIN, 唤醒监控可读事件的任务

    sk->sk_write_space = sock_def_write_space;  ##writable, POLLOUT,唤醒监控可写事件的任务

    sk->sk_error_report = sock_def_error_report;  ##error, POLLERR,唤醒监控错误事件的任务

    sk->sk_destruct = sock_def_destruct;     ##free sock

    示例:

    sock_def_readable函数分析

    {

      struct socket_wq *wq;

      rcu_read_lock();

      wq = rcu_dereference(sk->sk_wq);  /* 获取socket wait_queue */

      if (wq_has_sleeper(wq))    /* sk->sock_wq->wait 是否有等待队列 */

              /* __wake_up_sync_key --> __wake_up_common(wait_queue_head q->lock)

              * 最终调用 ep_poll_callback 函数*/

        wake_up_interruptible_sync_poll(&wq->wait, POLLIN | POLLPRI |

                      POLLRDNORM | POLLRDBAND);

      sk_wake_async(sk, SOCK_WAKE_WAITD, POLL_IN);

      rcu_read_unlock();

    }

    数据结构关系图

     

     

     Q&A:

    Q1: Epoll常用用户态编程接口有哪些?
    A1:epoll_create epoll_ctl epoll_wait


    Q2: 什么是EPOLL?
    A2:EPOLL是一种IO事件通知机制


    Q3:EPOLL事件触发机制有哪些?
    A3:水平触发和边缘触发


    Q4:epoll_ctl接口中op参数有哪些?
    A4: EPOLL_CTL_ADD, EPOLL_CTL_MOD, EPOLL_CTL_DEL


    Q5:EPOLL接口可以监控哪些事件?
    A5: EPOLLIN, EPOLLOUT, EPOLLERR等


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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/smith9527/p/11458583.html
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