Spring Boot (#1 quick start)
Spring Boot是为了简化Spring应用的创建、运行、调试、部署等而出现的,使用它可以做到专注于Spring应用的开发,而无需过多关注XML的配置。
简单来说,它提供了一堆依赖打包,并已经按照使用习惯解决了依赖问题---习惯大于约定。
Spring Boot默认使用tomcat作为服务器,使用logback提供日志记录。
Spring Boot提供了一系列的依赖包,所以需要构建工具的支持:maven 或 gradle
Spring Boot 预定义了一些应用启动器:具体可以见博客Spring Boot的启动器Starter详解
Features
- Create stand-alone Spring applications
- Embed Tomcat, Jetty or Undertow directly (no need to deploy WAR files)
- Provide opinionated 'starter' POMs to simplify your Maven configuration
- Automatically configure Spring whenever possible
- Provide production-ready features such as metrics, health checks and externalized configuration
- Absolutely no code generation and no requirement for XML configuration
quick start
以官网quick start 为例(maven):
新建一个maven项目
pom中parent设为 spring-boot-starter-parent 。建议使用最新的 RELEASE 版本
添加应用需要的starter模块,作为示例,我们仅添加web starter应用启动器。web starter应用启动器包含了一系列依赖包组合,如spring-web,spring-webmvc,tomcat-embed-,jackson,spring-,spring-boot-autoconfigure。
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>cn.ifengkou</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
Controller
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
/**
* 描述
*
* @author shenlongguang<https://github.com/ifengkou>
* @date 2017/4/11 17:43
*/
@Controller
@EnableAutoConfiguration
public class SampleController {
@RequestMapping("/")
@ResponseBody
String home() {
return "hello world";
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
SpringApplication.run(SampleController.class, args);
}
}
@EnableAutoConfiguration,用于自动配置,它会根据你的pom配置(实际上应该是根据具体的依赖)来判断这是一个什么应用,并创建相应的环境
SpringApplication 启动步骤
- 创建一个合适的ApplicationContext实例 (取决于classpath)。
- 注册一个CommandLinePropertySource,以便将命令行参数作为Spring properties。
- 刷新application context,加载所有单例beans。
- 激活所有CommandLineRunner beans。
3 启动 访问
直接运行main方法直接启动
...... 一次完成的启动见后面的分析
2017-04-11 18:46:54.255 INFO 4868 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2017-04-11 18:46:54.307 INFO 4868 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http)
2017-04-11 18:46:54.311 INFO 4868 --- [ main] c.i.s.controller.SampleController : Started SampleController in 2.585 seconds (JVM running for 3.044)
直接访问 localhost:8080 就可以看到页面输出 hello world
配置
在classpath下的 application.properties 或者 application.yaml 文件中设置即可
比如更改端口号,变更项目路径,例如下面的配置就需要 localhost:8080/springboot才能访问
application.yaml
# Server settings (ServerProperties)
server:
port: 8080
address: 127.0.0.1
sessionTimeout: 30
contextPath: /springboot
# Tomcat specifics
tomcat:
accessLogEnabled: false
protocolHeader: x-forwarded-proto
remoteIpHeader: x-forwarded-for
basedir:
backgroundProcessorDelay: 30 # secs
application.properties
# Server settings (ServerProperties)
server.port=8080
server.address=127.0.0.1
#server.sessionTimeout=30
server.contextPath=/aaa
# Tomcat specifics
#server.tomcat.accessLogEnabled=false
server.tomcat.protocolHeader=x-forwarded-proto
server.tomcat.remoteIpHeader=x-forwarded-for
server.tomcat.basedir=
server.tomcat.backgroundProcessorDelay=30
启动步骤分析
[ main] c.i.s.controller.SampleController : Starting SampleController on SC-201603222017 with PID 4868 (E:workspacespring-boot-test argetclasses started by Administrator in E:workspacespring-boot-test)
[ main] c.i.s.controller.SampleController : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
[ main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@6d5620ce: startup date [Tue Apr 11 18:46:52 CST 2017]; root of context hierarchy
[ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
[ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service Tomcat
[ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.11
[ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[.[localhost].[/springboot] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
[ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 1377 ms
[ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean : Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/]
[ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]
[ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]
[ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*]
[ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*]
[ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@6d5620ce: startup date [Tue Apr 11 18:46:52 CST 2017]; root of context hierarchy
[ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/]}" onto java.lang.String cn.ifengkou.springboot.controller.SampleController.home()
[ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
[ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
[ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
[ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
[ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
[ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
[ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http)
[ main] c.i.s.controller.SampleController : Started SampleController in 2.585 seconds (JVM running for 3.044)
[0.1-8080-exec-3] o.a.c.c.C.[.[localhost].[/springboot] : Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet'
[0.1-8080-exec-3] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization started
[0.1-8080-exec-3] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization completed in 13 ms
- 启动SampleController。
- 查找active profile,无,设为default。
- 刷新上下文。
- 初始化tomcat,设置端口8080,设置访问方式为http。
- 启动tomcat服务。
- 启动Servlet引擎。
- Spring内嵌的WebApplicationContext 初始化开始。
- Spring内嵌的WebApplicationContext 初始化完成。
- 映射servlet,将 dispatcherServlet 映射到 [/] 。
- 映射filter,将 characterEncodingFilter 映射到 [/*] 。
- 映射filter,将 hiddenHttpMethodFilter 映射到 [/*] 。
- 映射filter,将 httpPutFormContentFilter 映射到 [/*] 。
- 映射filter,将 requestContextFilter 映射到 [/*] 。
- 第22行,查找 @ControllerAdvice。
- 第23行,映射路径 "{[/]}" 到 cn.larry.spring.controller.SampleController.home()。
- 第24行,映射路径 "{[/error]}" 到 org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)。
- 第25行,映射路径 "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" 到 org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)。
- tomcat启动完毕。
- SampleController启动耗费的时间。
- 初始化 dispatcherServlet 。
- dispatcherServlet 的初始化已启动。
- dispatcherServlet 的初始化已完成。
- 收到shutdown关闭请求。
- 关闭AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext。