系列文章
前言
说到微服务就得扯到自动化运维，然后别人就不得不问你用没用上K8S。无论是概念上还是在实施搭建时，K8S的门槛比Docker Compose、Docker Swarm高了不少。我自己也经过了多次的实践，整理出一套顺利部署的流程。
我这次搭建花了一共整整4个工作实践与一个工作日写博客，中间有一个网络问题导致reset了集群重新搭了一次，完成后结合了Jenkins使用，还是成就感满满的。如果对大家有用，还请点个推荐与关注。
基本概念
Kubectl
kubectl用于运行Kubernetes集群命令的管理工具，Kubernetes kubectl 与 Docker 命令关系可以查看这里
http://docs.kubernetes.org.cn/70.html
Kubeadm
kubeadm 是 kubernetes 的集群安装工具，能够快速安装 kubernetes 集群，相关命令有以下:
kubeadm init kubeadm join
Kubelet
kubelet是主要的节点代理，它会监视已分配给节点的pod，具体功能：
- 安装Pod所需的volume。
- 下载Pod的Secrets。
- Pod中运行的 docker（或experimentally，rkt）容器。
- 定期执行容器健康检查。
Pod
Pod是Kubernetes创建或部署的最小(最简单)的基本单位，一个Pod代表集群上正在运行的一个进程，它可能由单个容器或多个容器共享组成的资源。
一个Pod封装一个应用容器（也可以有多个容器），存储资源、一个独立的网络IP以及管理控制容器运行方式的策略选项。
Pods提供两种共享资源：网络和存储。
网络
每个Pod被分配一个独立的IP地址，Pod中的每个容器共享网络命名空间，包括IP地址和网络端口。Pod内的容器可以使用localhost相互通信。当Pod中的容器与Pod 外部通信时，他们必须协调如何使用共享网络资源（如端口）。
存储
Pod可以指定一组共享存储volumes。Pod中的所有容器都可以访问共享volumes，允许这些容器共享数据。volumes 还用于Pod中的数据持久化，以防其中一个容器需要重新启动而丢失数据。
Service
一个应用服务在Kubernetes中可能会有一个或多个Pod，每个Pod的IP地址由网络组件动态随机分配（Pod重启后IP地址会改变）。为屏蔽这些后端实例的动态变化和对多实例的负载均衡，引入了Service这个资源对象。
Kubernetes ServiceTypes 允许指定一个需要的类型的 Service，默认是 ClusterIP 类型。
Type 的取值以及行为如下：
- ClusterIP：通过集群的内部 IP 暴露服务，选择该值，服务只能够在集群内部可以访问，这也是默认的 ServiceType。
- NodePort：通过每个 Node 上的 IP 和静态端口（NodePort）暴露服务。NodePort 服务会路由到 ClusterIP 服务，这个 ClusterIP 服务会自动创建。通过请求 <NodeIP>:<NodePort>，可以从集群的外部访问一个 NodePort 服务。
- LoadBalancer：使用云提供商的负载局衡器，可以向外部暴露服务。外部的负载均衡器可以路由到 NodePort 服务和 ClusterIP 服务。
- ExternalName：通过返回 CNAME 和它的值，可以将服务映射到 externalName 字段的内容（例如， foo.bar.example.com）。 没有任何类型代理被创建，这只有 Kubernetes 1.7 或更高版本的 kube-dns 才支持。
其他详细的概念请移步到 http://docs.kubernetes.org.cn/227.html
物理部署图
Docker-ce 1.19安装
在所有需要用到kubernetes服务器上安装docker-ce
卸载旧版本 docker
yum remove docker docker-common docker-selinux dockesr-engine -y
升级系统软件
yum upgrade -y
安装必要的一些系统工具
sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
添加docker-ce软件源
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
更新并安装 docker-ce
yum makecache fast yum install docker-ce-19.03.12 -y
添加docker国内镜像源
vim /etc/docker/daemon.json { "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"], "registry-mirrors" : [ "http://ovfftd6p.mirror.aliyuncs.com", "http://registry.docker-cn.com", "http://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn", "http://hub-mirror.c.163.com" ], "insecure-registries" : [ "registry.docker-cn.com", "docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn" ], "debug" : true, "experimental" : true }
启动服务
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker
安装kubernetes-1.18.3
所有需要用到kubernetes的服务器都执行以下指令。
添加阿里kubernetes源
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes] name=Kubernetes baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 repo_gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg EOF
安装并启动
yum install kubeadm-1.18.3 kubectl-1.18.3 kubelet-1.18.3
启动kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl start kubelet
在Master设置环境变量，在/etc/profile中配置
vim /etc/profile
在最后添加如下配置
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
执行命令使其起效
source /etc/profile
初始化k8s集群
在master节点（server-a）进行初始化集群
开放端口
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=6443/tcp firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=10250/tcp firewall-cmd --reload
关闭swap
vim /etc/fstab
#注释swap那行
swapoff -a
设置iptables规则
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-ip6tables
初始化
kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=1.18.3 --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.88.138 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --service-cidr=10.10.0.0/16 --pod-network-cidr=10.122.0.0/16 --ignore-preflight-errors=Swap
如果中途执行有异常可以通过 kubeadm reset 后重新init。
初始化成功执行下面指令
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
查看node和pod信息
kubectl get node
kubectl get pod --all-namespaces
安装flannel组件
在master节点（server-a）安装flannel组件
找个梯子下载kube-flannel.yml文件
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
下载不了也没关系，我复制给到大家：
--- apiVersion: policy/v1beta1 kind: PodSecurityPolicy metadata: name: psp.flannel.unprivileged annotations: seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default spec: privileged: false volumes: - configMap - secret - emptyDir - hostPath allowedHostPaths: - pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d" - pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel" - pathPrefix: "/run/flannel" readOnlyRootFilesystem: false # Users and groups runAsUser: rule: RunAsAny supplementalGroups: rule: RunAsAny fsGroup: rule: RunAsAny # Privilege Escalation allowPrivilegeEscalation: false defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false # Capabilities allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN', 'NET_RAW'] defaultAddCapabilities: [] requiredDropCapabilities: [] # Host namespaces hostPID: false hostIPC: false hostNetwork: true hostPorts: - min: 0 max: 65535 # SELinux seLinux: # SELinux is unused in CaaSP rule: 'RunAsAny' --- kind: ClusterRole apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 metadata: name: flannel rules: - apiGroups: ['extensions'] resources: ['podsecuritypolicies'] verbs: ['use'] resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged'] - apiGroups: - "" resources: - pods verbs: - get - apiGroups: - "" resources: - nodes verbs: - list - watch - apiGroups: - "" resources: - nodes/status verbs: - patch --- kind: ClusterRoleBinding apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 metadata: name: flannel roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: flannel subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: flannel namespace: kube-system --- apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata: name: flannel namespace: kube-system --- kind: ConfigMap apiVersion: v1 metadata: name: kube-flannel-cfg namespace: kube-system labels: tier: node app: flannel data: cni-conf.json: | { "name": "cbr0", "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "plugins": [ { "type": "flannel", "delegate": { "hairpinMode": true, "isDefaultGateway": true } }, { "type": "portmap", "capabilities": { "portMappings": true } } ] } net-conf.json: | { "Network": "10.244.0.0/16", "Backend": { "Type": "vxlan" } } --- apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: DaemonSet metadata: name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64 namespace: kube-system labels: tier: node app: flannel spec: selector: matchLabels: app: flannel template: metadata: labels: tier: node app: flannel spec: affinity: nodeAffinity: requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution: nodeSelectorTerms: - matchExpressions: - key: kubernetes.io/os operator: In values: - linux - key: kubernetes.io/arch operator: In values: - amd64 hostNetwork: true priorityClassName: system-node-critical tolerations: - operator: Exists effect: NoSchedule serviceAccountName: flannel initContainers: - name: install-cni image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64 command: - cp args: - -f - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist volumeMounts: - name: cni mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d - name: flannel-cfg mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/ containers: - name: kube-flannel image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64 command: - /opt/bin/flanneld args: - --ip-masq - --kube-subnet-mgr resources: requests: cpu: "100m" memory: "50Mi" limits: cpu: "100m" memory: "50Mi" securityContext: privileged: false capabilities: add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"] env: - name: POD_NAME valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.name - name: POD_NAMESPACE valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.namespace volumeMounts: - name: run mountPath: /run/flannel - name: flannel-cfg mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/ volumes: - name: run hostPath: path: /run/flannel - name: cni hostPath: path: /etc/cni/net.d - name: flannel-cfg configMap: name: kube-flannel-cfg --- apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: DaemonSet metadata: name: kube-flannel-ds-arm64 namespace: kube-system labels: tier: node app: flannel spec: selector: matchLabels: app: flannel template: metadata: labels: tier: node app: flannel spec: affinity: nodeAffinity: requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution: nodeSelectorTerms: - matchExpressions: - key: kubernetes.io/os operator: In values: - linux - key: kubernetes.io/arch operator: In values: - arm64 hostNetwork: true priorityClassName: system-node-critical tolerations: - operator: Exists effect: NoSchedule serviceAccountName: flannel initContainers: - name: install-cni image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-arm64 command: - cp args: - -f - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist volumeMounts: - name: cni mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d - name: flannel-cfg mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/ containers: - name: kube-flannel image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-arm64 command: - /opt/bin/flanneld args: - --ip-masq - --kube-subnet-mgr resources: requests: cpu: "100m" memory: "50Mi" limits: cpu: "100m" memory: "50Mi" securityContext: privileged: false capabilities: add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"] env: - name: POD_NAME valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.name - name: POD_NAMESPACE valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.namespace volumeMounts: - name: run mountPath: /run/flannel - name: flannel-cfg mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/ volumes: - name: run hostPath: path: /run/flannel - name: cni hostPath: path: /etc/cni/net.d - name: flannel-cfg configMap: name: kube-flannel-cfg --- apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: DaemonSet metadata: name: kube-flannel-ds-arm namespace: kube-system labels: tier: node app: flannel spec: selector: matchLabels: app: flannel template: metadata: labels: tier: node app: flannel spec: affinity: nodeAffinity: requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution: nodeSelectorTerms: - matchExpressions: - key: kubernetes.io/os operator: In values: - linux - key: kubernetes.io/arch operator: In values: - arm hostNetwork: true priorityClassName: system-node-critical tolerations: - operator: Exists effect: NoSchedule serviceAccountName: flannel initContainers: - name: install-cni image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-arm command: - cp args: - -f - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist volumeMounts: - name: cni mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d - name: flannel-cfg mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/ containers: - name: kube-flannel image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-arm command: - /opt/bin/flanneld args: - --ip-masq - --kube-subnet-mgr resources: requests: cpu: "100m" memory: "50Mi" limits: cpu: "100m" memory: "50Mi" securityContext: privileged: false capabilities: add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"] env: - name: POD_NAME valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.name - name: POD_NAMESPACE valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.namespace volumeMounts: - name: run mountPath: /run/flannel - name: flannel-cfg mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/ volumes: - name: run hostPath: path: /run/flannel - name: cni hostPath: path: /etc/cni/net.d - name: flannel-cfg configMap: name: kube-flannel-cfg --- apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: DaemonSet metadata: name: kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le namespace: kube-system labels: tier: node app: flannel spec: selector: matchLabels: app: flannel template: metadata: labels: tier: node app: flannel spec: affinity: nodeAffinity: requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution: nodeSelectorTerms: - matchExpressions: - key: kubernetes.io/os operator: In values: - linux - key: kubernetes.io/arch operator: In values: - ppc64le hostNetwork: true priorityClassName: system-node-critical tolerations: - operator: Exists effect: NoSchedule serviceAccountName: flannel initContainers: - name: install-cni image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-ppc64le command: - cp args: - -f - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist volumeMounts: - name: cni mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d - name: flannel-cfg mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/ containers: - name: kube-flannel image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-ppc64le command: - /opt/bin/flanneld args: - --ip-masq - --kube-subnet-mgr resources: requests: cpu: "100m" memory: "50Mi" limits: cpu: "100m" memory: "50Mi" securityContext: privileged: false capabilities: add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"] env: - name: POD_NAME valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.name - name: POD_NAMESPACE valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.namespace volumeMounts: - name: run mountPath: /run/flannel - name: flannel-cfg mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/ volumes: - name: run hostPath: path: /run/flannel - name: cni hostPath: path: /etc/cni/net.d - name: flannel-cfg configMap: name: kube-flannel-cfg --- apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: DaemonSet metadata: name: kube-flannel-ds-s390x namespace: kube-system labels: tier: node app: flannel spec: selector: matchLabels: app: flannel template: metadata: labels: tier: node app: flannel spec: affinity: nodeAffinity: requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution: nodeSelectorTerms: - matchExpressions: - key: kubernetes.io/os operator: In values: - linux - key: kubernetes.io/arch operator: In values: - s390x hostNetwork: true priorityClassName: system-node-critical tolerations: - operator: Exists effect: NoSchedule serviceAccountName: flannel initContainers: - name: install-cni image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-s390x command: - cp args: - -f - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist volumeMounts: - name: cni mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d - name: flannel-cfg mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/ containers: - name: kube-flannel image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-s390x command: - /opt/bin/flanneld args: - --ip-masq - --kube-subnet-mgr resources: requests: cpu: "100m" memory: "50Mi" limits: cpu: "100m" memory: "50Mi" securityContext: privileged: false capabilities: add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"] env: - name: POD_NAME valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.name - name: POD_NAMESPACE valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.namespace volumeMounts: - name: run mountPath: /run/flannel - name: flannel-cfg mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/ volumes: - name: run hostPath: path: /run/flannel - name: cni hostPath: path: /etc/cni/net.d - name: flannel-cfg configMap: name: kube-flannel-cfg
先拉取依赖镜像
docker pull quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64
把上面文件保存到服务器然后执行下面命令
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
安装dashboard
在master节点（server-a）安装dashboard组件
继续用梯子下载recommended.yml文件
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.3/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
没梯子的可以复制下方原文件
# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. apiVersion: v1 kind: Namespace metadata: name: kubernetes-dashboard --- apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kubernetes-dashboard --- kind: Service apiVersion: v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kubernetes-dashboard spec: ports: - port: 443 targetPort: 8443 selector: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Secret metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs namespace: kubernetes-dashboard type: Opaque --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Secret metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf namespace: kubernetes-dashboard type: Opaque data: csrf: "" --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Secret metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder namespace: kubernetes-dashboard type: Opaque --- kind: ConfigMap apiVersion: v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings namespace: kubernetes-dashboard --- kind: Role apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kubernetes-dashboard rules: # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets. - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["secrets"] resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"] verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"] # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map. - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["configmaps"] resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"] verbs: ["get", "update"] # Allow Dashboard to get metrics. - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["services"] resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"] verbs: ["proxy"] - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["services/proxy"] resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"] verbs: ["get"] --- kind: ClusterRole apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard rules: # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"] resources: ["pods", "nodes"] verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"] --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: RoleBinding metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kubernetes-dashboard roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: Role name: kubernetes-dashboard subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kubernetes-dashboard --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: ClusterRoleBinding metadata: name: kubernetes-dashboard roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: kubernetes-dashboard subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kubernetes-dashboard --- kind: Deployment apiVersion: apps/v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kubernetes-dashboard spec: replicas: 1 revisionHistoryLimit: 10 selector: matchLabels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard template: metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard spec: containers: - name: kubernetes-dashboard image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.3 imagePullPolicy: Always ports: - containerPort: 8443 protocol: TCP args: - --auto-generate-certificates - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work. # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port volumeMounts: - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs mountPath: /certs # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs - mountPath: /tmp name: tmp-volume livenessProbe: httpGet: scheme: HTTPS path: / port: 8443 initialDelaySeconds: 30 timeoutSeconds: 30 securityContext: allowPrivilegeEscalation: false readOnlyRootFilesystem: true runAsUser: 1001 runAsGroup: 2001 volumes: - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs secret: secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs - name: tmp-volume emptyDir: {} serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard nodeSelector: "kubernetes.io/os": linux # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master tolerations: - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master effect: NoSchedule --- kind: Service apiVersion: v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper name: dashboard-metrics-scraper namespace: kubernetes-dashboard spec: ports: - port: 8000 targetPort: 8000 selector: k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper --- kind: Deployment apiVersion: apps/v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper name: dashboard-metrics-scraper namespace: kubernetes-dashboard spec: replicas: 1 revisionHistoryLimit: 10 selector: matchLabels: k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper template: metadata: labels: k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper annotations: seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default' spec: containers: - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.4 ports: - containerPort: 8000 protocol: TCP livenessProbe: httpGet: scheme: HTTP path: / port: 8000 initialDelaySeconds: 30 timeoutSeconds: 30 volumeMounts: - mountPath: /tmp name: tmp-volume securityContext: allowPrivilegeEscalation: false readOnlyRootFilesystem: true runAsUser: 1001 runAsGroup: 2001 serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard nodeSelector: "kubernetes.io/os": linux # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master tolerations: - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master effect: NoSchedule volumes: - name: tmp-volume emptyDir: {}
第39行修改，端口范围30000-32767
spec: type: NodePort ports: - port: 443 targetPort: 8443 nodePort: 30221 selector: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
第137行开始，修改账户权限，主要三个参数，kind: ClusterRoleBinding，roleRef-kind: ClusterRole，roleRef-name: cluster-admin
--- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: ClusterRoleBinding metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kubernetes-dashboard roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: cluster-admin subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kubernetes-dashboard ---
保存到服务器后执行以下命令
kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
等待一段时间启动成功后，https://ip+nodePort，查看UI
Token通过下面指令获取
kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret kubectl describe secrets -n kubernetes-dashboard kubernetes-dashboard-token-kfcp2 | grep token | awk 'NR==3{print $2}'
加入Worker节点
在server-b与server-c执行下面操作
把上面init后的那句join拷贝过来，如果忘记了可以在master节点执行下面指令：
kubeadm token list openssl x509 -pubkey -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt | openssl rsa -pubin -outform der 2>/dev/null | openssl dgst -sha256 -hex | sed 's/^.* //'
通过返回的数据拼装成下面指令
kubeadm join 192.168.88.138:6443 --token 2zebwy.1549suwrkkven7ow --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:c61af74d6e4ba1871eceaef4e769d14a20a86c9276ac0899f8ec6b08b89f532b
查看节点信息
kubectl get node
部署Web应用
在master节点（sever-a）执行下面操作
部署应用前建议有需要的朋友到【.Net微服务实战之CI/CD】看看如何搭建docker私有仓库，后面需要用到，搭建后私有库后执行下面指令
kubectl create secret docker-registry docker-registry-secret --docker-server=192.168.88.141:6000 --docker-username=admin --docker-password=123456789
docker-server就是docker私有仓库的地址
下面是yaml模板，注意imagePullSecrets-name与上面的命名的一致，其余的可以查看yaml里的注释
apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment # Deployment为多个Pod副本 metadata: name: testdockerswarm-deployment labels: app: testdockerswarm-deployment spec: replicas: 2 # 实例数量 selector: matchLabels: # 定义该部署匹配哪些Pod app: testdockerswarm minReadySeconds: 3 # 可选，指定Pod可以变成可用状态的最小秒数，默认是0 strategy: type: RollingUpdate # 部署策略类型，使用RollingUpdate可以保证部署期间服务不间断 rollingUpdate: maxUnavailable: 1 # 部署时最大允许停止的Pod数量 maxSurge: 1 # 部署时最大允许创建的Pod数量 template: # 用来指定Pod的模板，与Pod的定义类似 metadata: labels: # Pod标签，与上面matchLabels对应 app: testdockerswarm spec: imagePullSecrets: - name: docker-registry-secret containers: - name: testdockerswarm image: 192.168.88.141:6000/testdockerswarm imagePullPolicy: Always # Always每次拉去新镜像 ports: - containerPort: 80 --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: testdockerswarm-service labels: name: testdockerswarm-service spec: selector: app: testdockerswarm #与template-labels参数pod标签一致 ports: - protocol: TCP port: 80 #clusterIP开放的端口 targetPort: 80 #container开放的端口，与containerPort一致 nodePort: 31221 # 所有的节点都会开放此端口，此端口供外部调用。 type: NodePort
把yaml文件保存到服务器后执行下面命令
kubectl create -f testdockerswarm.yml
整个搭建部署的过程基本上到这里结束了。
访问
可以通过指令kubectl get service得到ClusterIP，分别在server-c和sever-b执行curl 10.10.184.184
也可以通过执行kubectl get pods -o wide得到pod ip，在server-c执行curl 10.122.2.5 和 server-b执行curl 10.122.1.7
也可以在外部访问 server-c和server-b的 ip + 31221
如果节点有异常可以通过下面指令排查
journalctl -f -u kubelet.service | grep -i error -C 500
如果Pod无法正常running可以通过下面指令查看
kubectl describe pod testdockerswarm-deployment-7bc647d87d-qwvzm