centos7.2静默安装oracle11g

前言：国庆节前centos7.2上静默安装11g出现了多次问题，特地把安装过程自己整理一遍方便下次安装查询。

下载oracle

官方网站：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/   

请根据自己的操作系统选择

 一、centos7系统准备工作

1、操作系统                    root登录centos

[root@localhost ~]# uname -m
x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
redhat-7

vi /etc/redhat-release                 oracle默认不支持CentOS系统安装，修改文件 /etc/RedHat-release

hostname 修改，修改后注意，前后必须一致

[root@localhost ~]# hostname
localhost.localdomain
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname localhost.localdomain

2、/etc/hosts文件中添加主机名

[root@localhost ~]# ip addr  查看自己的ip地址

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

vim /etc/hosts  修改为自己的ip地址hosts (备注：centos设置静态ip，没有修改hosts文件访问仍然正常)

127.0.0.1 localhost
1.1.1.1 localhost.localdomain 
#127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
#::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

 3、创建所需的操作系统组和用户

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd oinstall 　　　　　　　　#创建用户组oinstall
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd dba　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　 #创建用户组dba
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba -m oracle　　　　#创建oracle用户，并加入到oinstall和dba用户组
[root@localhost ~]# passwd oracle 　　　　　　　　　　　　 #设置用户oracle的登陆密码
Changing password for user oracle.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
Retype new password: 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 #确认密码
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@localhost admin]# id oracle 　　　　　　　　 #查看新建的oracle用户
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1002(dba) groups=1002(dba)

4、关闭selinux(备注：此处设置可能是重启生效)

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

 5、关闭防火墙 

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service #关闭防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service #再次查看防火墙状态
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service #关闭开机制动启动

安装、测试、远程访问正常后开启

#systemctl start firewalld.service 开启防火墙
#firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp --permanent 开启1521端口
# systemctl restart firewalld.service 重启防火墙

6、安装软件依赖环境

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static glibc glibc-common glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel kernelheaders pdksh pcre-devel readline rlwrap　
检查软件依赖环境

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel
binutils-2.23.52.0.1-55.el7.x86_64
compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7.x86_64
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64
gcc-4.8.5-4.el7.x86_64
gcc-c++-4.8.5-4.el7.x86_64
glibc-2.17-105.el7.x86_64
glibc-devel-2.17-105.el7.x86_64
ksh-20120801-22.el7_1.2.x86_64
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64
libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64
libgcc-4.8.5-4.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-4.8.5-4.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-4.el7.x86_64
libXi-1.7.4-2.el7.x86_64
libXtst-1.2.2-2.1.el7.x86_64
make-3.82-21.el7.x86_64
sysstat-10.1.5-7.el7.x86_64
unixODBC-2.3.1-11.el7.x86_64
unixODBC-devel-2.3.1-11.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]#

如果是内网 请参考CentOS7.2配置本地yum源  https://www.cnblogs.com/yybrhr/p/9914392.html 

7、配置内核参数和资源限制

shmall 是全部允许使用的共享内存大小，shmmax 是单个段允许使用的大小。这两个可以设置为内存的 90%。例如 16G 内存，16*1024*1024*1024*90% = 15461882265，shmall 的大小为 15461882265/4k(getconf PAGESIZE可得到) = 3774873。

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
# System default settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf.
# To override those settings, enter new settings here, or in an /etc/sysctl.d/<name>.conf file
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 8073741824
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

sysctl -p 生效

 8、修改用户的SHELL限制

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf

#添加以下内容

oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536

9、修改/etc/pam.d/login 文件 ，添加以下内容

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/login
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so

10、修改/etc/profile 文件

vim /etc/profile

#添加以下内容
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi　

二、安装oracle

（注意 ：ZHS16GBK 、 AL32UTF8 整体编码格式一定要设置一致）

1、解压Oracle文件

mkdir /home/oracle/orapackage   （以自己建立的为准）

unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip && unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

或则  在oracle文件目录 直接解压过去

unzip -q linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /home/oracle/orapackage
unzip -q linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /home/oracle/orapackage

2、创建一些安装目录，静默安装文件目录和此一致

mkdir -p /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
mkdir /home/oracle/app/oracle/{oradata,inventory,fast_recovery_area}
chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /home/oracle/app/oracle　

3、设置 oracle 用户环境变量

su - oracle

[oracle@localhost ~]$ vim .bash_profile

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin

export PATH
export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LANG=C
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
添加完成后  source .bash_profile 使之生效

4、编辑静默安装文件

先copy一份出来

mkdir -p /home/oracle/response
cp /home/oracle/orapackage/database/response/* /home/oracle/response

cd /home/oracle/response

vim db_install.rsp

设置内容

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain　　　　　　（与操作系统hotname一致）

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/home/oracle/app/oracle/inventory

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN

ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/app/oracle

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=ZHS16GBK

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle　　　　为了安全请设置一个复杂的密码

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

5、安装

cd /home/oracle/orapackage/database/

./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq

6、打开终端，以 root 身份登录，执行脚本

su - root
sh /home/oracle/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
sh /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

7、查看监听响应文件配置信息 oracle用户

egrep -v "(^#|^$)" /home/oracle/response/netca.rsp

#以静默方式配置监听
su - oracle
source .bash_profile
netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/response/netca.rsp　

8、建库

vim /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp

设置以下参数

GDBNAME = "orcl"

SID = "orcl"

SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"　　　　　　为了安全请设置一个复杂的密码

SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"

SYSMANPASSWORD = "oracle"

DBSNMPPASSWORD = "oracle"

DATAFILEDESTINATION =/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata

RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/home/oracle/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area

CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"

TOTALMEMORY = "6144"

保存后

dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp

9、启动

注意 /home/orcldb/product/11.2.0/network/admin 文件下的 tnsnames.ora   listener.ora   sqlnet.ora

我附件https://files.cnblogs.com/files/skyapplezhao/admin.zip里传一份HOST以ip配置的监听 ，也可以配置为本地hostname，

以 sysdba 身份登录
sqlplus / as sysdba　

启动 oralce 数据库
SQL> startup

退出 

lsnrctl status 查看监听状态

10. 设置Oracle开机启动

修改/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbstart

ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

修改/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbshut

ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

修改vi /etc/oratab

orcl:/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0:Y

新建文件/etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle

#! /bin/bash
# oracle: Start/Stop Oracle Database 11g R2
#
# chkconfig: 345 90 10
# description: The Oracle Database is an Object-Relational Database Management System.
#
# processname: oracle
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
LOCKFILE=/var/lock/subsys/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_USER=oracle
case "$1" in
'start')
if [ -f $LOCKFILE ]; then
echo $0 already running.
exit 1
fi
echo -n $"Starting Oracle Database:"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole"
touch $LOCKFILE
;;
'stop')
if [ ! -f $LOCKFILE ]; then
echo $0 already stopping.
exit 1
fi
echo -n $"Stopping Oracle Database:"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole"
rm -f $LOCKFILE
;;
'restart')
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
'status')
if [ -f $LOCKFILE ]; then
echo $0 started.
else
echo $0 stopped.
fi
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 [start|stop|status]"
exit 1
esac
exit 0

给/etc/init.d/oracle添加执行权限

chmod +x /etc/init.d/oracle

开机启动oracle

systemctl enable oracle
或
chkconfig oracle on

给启动文件加权限

cd /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/
chmod 6751 oracle
cd /var/tmp
chown -R oracle:oinstall .oracle

防火墙配置放开Oracle的端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --reload