转自：https://blog.csdn.net/av_geek/article/details/49640433
IDR机制在Linux内核中指的是整数ID管理机制。
实质上来讲，这就是一种将一个整数ID号和一个指针关联在一起的机制。
这个机制最早在03年2月加入内核，当时作为POSIX定时器的一个补丁。现在，内核中很多地方都可以找到它的身影。
IDR机制原理：
IDR机制适用在那些需要把某个整数和特定指针关联在一起的地方。例如，在IIC总线中，每个设备都有自己的地址，要想在总线上找到特定的设备，就必须要先发送设备的地址。当适配器要访问总线上的IIC设备时，首先要知道它们的ID号，同时要在内核中建立一个用于描述该设备的结构体，和驱动程序
将ID号和设备结构体结合起来，如果使用数组进行索引，一旦ID 号很大，则用数组索引会占据大量内存空间。这显然不可能。或者用链表，但是，如果总线中实际存在的设备很多，则链表的查询效率会很低。
此时，IDR机制应运而生。该机制内部采用红黑树实现，可以很方便的将整数和指针关联起来，并且具有很高的搜索效率
struct idr {
struct idr_layer *top;
struct idr_layer *id_free;
int layers; /* only valid without concurrent changes */
int id_free_cnt;
spinlock_t lock;
};
struct idr_layer {
unsigned long bitmap; /* A zero bit means "space here" */
struct idr_layer *ary[1<<IDR_BITS];
int count; /* When zero, we can release it */
int layer; /* distance from leaf */
struct rcu_head rcu_head;
};
宏定义并且初始化一个名为name的IDR：
#define DEFINE_IDR(name) struct idr name = IDR_INIT(name)
#define IDR_INIT(name)
{
.top = NULL,
.id_free = NULL,
.layers = 0,
.id_free_cnt = 0,
.lock = __SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(name.lock),
}
动态初始化IDR:
void idr_init(struct idr *idp)
{
memset(idp, 0, sizeof(struct idr));
spin_lock_init(&idp->lock);
}
分配存放ID号的内存：
每次通过IDR获得ID号之前 ，需要为ID号先分配内存。分配内存的函数是idr_pre_get().成功返回1，失败放回0
第一个参数是指向IDR的指针，第二个参数是内存分配标志。
int idr_pre_get(struct idr *idp, gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
while (idp->id_free_cnt < IDR_FREE_MAX) {
struct idr_layer *new;
new = kmem_cache_zalloc(idr_layer_cache, gfp_mask);
if (new == NULL)
return (0);
move_to_free_list(idp, new);
}
return 1;
}
它调用了 ：
static void move_to_free_list(struct idr *idp, struct idr_layer *p)
{
unsigned long flags;
/*
* Depends on the return element being zeroed.
*/
spin_lock_irqsave(&idp->lock, flags);
__move_to_free_list(idp, p);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&idp->lock, flags);
}
static void __move_to_free_list(struct idr *idp, struct idr_layer *p)
{
p->ary[0] = idp->id_free;
idp->id_free = p;
idp->id_free_cnt++;
}
分配ID号并将ID号和指针关联：
参数idp是之前，通过idr_init()初始化的idr指针，或者DEFINE_IDR宏定义的指针。参数ptr是和ID号相关联 的 指针。参数id由内核自动分配的ID号。参数start_id是起始ID号。
成功返回0，失败返回负值：
int idr_get_new(struct idr *idp, void *ptr, int *id)
{
int rv;
rv = idr_get_new_above_int(idp, ptr, 0);
/*
* This is a cheap hack until the IDR code can be fixed to
* return proper error values.
*/
if (rv < 0)
return _idr_rc_to_errno(rv);
*id = rv;
return 0;
}
int idr_get_new_above(struct idr *idp, void *ptr, int starting_id, int *id)
{
int rv;
rv = idr_get_new_above_int(idp, ptr, starting_id);
/*
* This is a cheap hack until the IDR code can be fixed to
* return proper error values.
*/
if (rv < 0)
return _idr_rc_to_errno(rv);
*id = rv;
return 0;
}
这两个函数唯一的区别是起始ID号不同：
它们都调用了：
static int idr_get_new_above_int(struct idr *idp, void *ptr, int starting_id)
{
struct idr_layer *pa[MAX_LEVEL];
int id;
id = idr_get_empty_slot(idp, starting_id, pa);
if (id >= 0) {
/*
* Successfully found an empty slot. Install the user
* pointer and mark the slot full.
*/
rcu_assign_pointer(pa[0]->ary[id & IDR_MASK],
(struct idr_layer *)ptr);
pa[0]->count++;
idr_mark_full(pa, id);
}
return id;
}
它调用了：
static int idr_get_empty_slot(struct idr *idp, int starting_id,
struct idr_layer **pa)
{
struct idr_layer *p, *new;
int layers, v, id;
unsigned long flags;
id = starting_id;
build_up:
p = idp->top;
layers = idp->layers;
if (unlikely(!p)) {
if (!(p = get_from_free_list(idp)))
return -1;
p->layer = 0;
layers = 1;
}
/*
* Add a new layer to the top of the tree if the requested
* id is larger than the currently allocated space.
*/
while ((layers < (MAX_LEVEL - 1)) && (id >= (1 << (layers*IDR_BITS)))) {
layers++;
if (!p->count) {
/* special case: if the tree is currently empty,
* then we grow the tree by moving the top node
* upwards.
*/
p->layer++;
continue;
}
if (!(new = get_from_free_list(idp))) {
/*
* The allocation failed. If we built part of
* the structure tear it down.
*/
spin_lock_irqsave(&idp->lock, flags);
for (new = p; p && p != idp->top; new = p) {
p = p->ary[0];
new->ary[0] = NULL;
new->bitmap = new->count = 0;
__move_to_free_list(idp, new);
}
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&idp->lock, flags);
return -1;
}
new->ary[0] = p;
new->count = 1;
new->layer = layers-1;
if (p->bitmap == IDR_FULL)
__set_bit(0, &new->bitmap);
p = new;
}
rcu_assign_pointer(idp->top, p);
idp->layers = layers;
v = sub_alloc(idp, &id, pa);
if (v == IDR_NEED_TO_GROW)
goto build_up;
return(v);
}
和
static void idr_mark_full(struct idr_layer **pa, int id)
{
struct idr_layer *p = pa[0];
int l = 0;
__set_bit(id & IDR_MASK, &p->bitmap);
/*
* If this layer is full mark the bit in the layer above to
* show that this part of the radix tree is full. This may
* complete the layer above and require walking up the radix
* tree.
*/
while (p->bitmap == IDR_FULL) {
if (!(p = pa[++l]))
break;
id = id >> IDR_BITS;
__set_bit((id & IDR_MASK), &p->bitmap);
}
}
idr_get_new还调用了：
#define _idr_rc_to_errno(rc) ((rc) == -1 ? -EAGAIN : -ENOSPC) //这是一个错误处理的宏
通过ID号查找对应的指针：
void *idr_find(struct idr *idp, int id)
{
int n;
struct idr_layer *p;
p = rcu_dereference(idp->top);
if (!p)
return NULL;
n = (p->layer+1) * IDR_BITS;
/* Mask off upper bits we don't use for the search. */
id &= MAX_ID_MASK;
if (id >= (1 << n))
return NULL;
BUG_ON(n == 0);
while (n > 0 && p) {
n -= IDR_BITS;
BUG_ON(n != p->layer*IDR_BITS);
p = rcu_dereference(p->ary[(id >> n) & IDR_MASK]);
}
return((void *)p);
}
删除ID号：
void idr_remove(struct idr *idp, int id)
{
struct idr_layer *p;
struct idr_layer *to_free;
/* Mask off upper bits we don't use for the search. */
id &= MAX_ID_MASK;
sub_remove(idp, (idp->layers - 1) * IDR_BITS, id);
if (idp->top && idp->top->count == 1 && (idp->layers > 1) &&
idp->top->ary[0]) {
/*
* Single child at leftmost slot: we can shrink the tree.
* This level is not needed anymore since when layers are
* inserted, they are inserted at the top of the existing
* tree.
*/
to_free = idp->top;
p = idp->top->ary[0];
rcu_assign_pointer(idp->top, p);
--idp->layers;
to_free->bitmap = to_free->count = 0;
free_layer(to_free);
}
while (idp->id_free_cnt >= IDR_FREE_MAX) {
p = get_from_free_list(idp);
/*
* Note: we don't call the rcu callback here, since the only
* layers that fall into the freelist are those that have been
* preallocated.
*/
kmem_cache_free(idr_layer_cache, p);
}
return;
}
它调用了：
static void sub_remove(struct idr *idp, int shift, int id)
{
struct idr_layer *p = idp->top;
struct idr_layer **pa[MAX_LEVEL];
struct idr_layer ***paa = &pa[0];
struct idr_layer *to_free;
int n;
*paa = NULL;
*++paa = &idp->top;
while ((shift > 0) && p) {
n = (id >> shift) & IDR_MASK;
__clear_bit(n, &p->bitmap);
*++paa = &p->ary[n];
p = p->ary[n];
shift -= IDR_BITS;
}
n = id & IDR_MASK;
if (likely(p != NULL && test_bit(n, &p->bitmap))){
__clear_bit(n, &p->bitmap);
rcu_assign_pointer(p->ary[n], NULL);
to_free = NULL;
while(*paa && ! --((**paa)->count)){
if (to_free)
free_layer(to_free);
to_free = **paa;
**paa-- = NULL;
}
if (!*paa)
idp->layers = 0;
if (to_free)
free_layer(to_free);
} else
idr_remove_warning(id);
}
和
static struct idr_layer *get_from_free_list(struct idr *idp)
{
struct idr_layer *p;
unsigned long flags;
spin_lock_irqsave(&idp->lock, flags);
if ((p = idp->id_free)) {
idp->id_free = p->ary[0];
idp->id_free_cnt--;
p->ary[0] = NULL;
}
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&idp->lock, flags);
return(p);
}