转自:http://www.cnblogs.com/liulipeng/archive/2012/10/08/2715246.html
http://longzxr.blog.sohu.com/196837377.html
对于指向同一数组arr[5]中的两个指针之差的验证:
运行输出:4
更换为字符数组,测试结果一样。
《C和指针》P110 分析如下:两个指针相减的结果的类型为ptrdiff_t,它是一种有符号整数类型。减法运算的值为两个指针在内存中的距离(以数组元素的长度为单位,而非字节),因为减法运算的结果将除以数组元素类型的长度。所以该结果与数组中存储的元素的类型无关。
类似的还有如下类型:(点击这里)
size_t是unsigned类型,用于指明数组长度或下标,它必须是一个正数,std::size_t.设计size_t就是为了适应多个平台,其引入增强了程序在不同平台上的可移植性。
ptrdiff_t是signed类型,用于存放同一数组中两个指针之间的差距,它可以使负数,std::ptrdiff_t.同上,使用ptrdiff_t来得到独立于平台的地址差值.
size_type是unsigned类型,表示容器中元素长度或者下标,vector<int>::size_type i = 0;
difference_type是signed类型,表示迭代器差距,vector<int>:: difference_type = iter1-iter2.
前二者位于标准类库std内,后二者专为STL对象所拥有。
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http://blog.csdn.net/yyyzlf/article/details/6209935
C and C++ define a special type for pointer arithmetic, namely ptrdiff_t, which is a typedef of a platform-specific signed integral type. You can use a variable of type ptrdiff_t to store the result of subtracting and adding pointers.For example:
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int buff[4];
ptrdiff_t diff = (&buff[3]) - buff; // diff = 3
diff = buff -(&buff[3]); // -3
}
What are the advantages of using ptrdiff_t? First, the name ptrdiff_t is self-documenting and helps the reader understand that the variable is used in pointer arithmetic exclusively. Secondly, ptrdiff_t is portable: its underlying type may vary across platforms, but you don't need to make changes in the code when porting it.