[转]WinForm如何调用Web Service

1、建立项目WebService和WinForm项目，这里起名为WinFormInvokeWebService，如图所示，

 

2、Service1.asmx代码为：（这部分其实和上篇的代码是一样的）

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Web;

using System.Web.Services;

using System.Data;

 

namespace WebService1

{

    /// <summary>

    /// Service1 的摘要说明

    /// </summary>

    [WebService(Namespace = "http://tempuri.org/")]

    [WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]

    [System.ComponentModel.ToolboxItem(false)]

    // 若要允许使用 ASP.NET AJAX 从脚本中调用此 Web 服务，请取消对下行的注释。

    [System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptService]

    public class Service1 : System.Web.Services.WebService

    {

        //无参方法

        [WebMethod]

        public string HelloWorld()

        {

            return "Hello World";

        }

 

        //有参方法1

        [WebMethod]

        public int Add(int a, int b)

        {

            return a + b;

        }

 

        //有参方法2

        [WebMethod]

        public int Sum(int x)

        {

            int sum = 0;

            for (int i = 0; i <= x; i++)

            {

                sum += i;

            }

            return sum;

        }

 

        // 返回一个复合类型

        [WebMethod]

        public  Student GetStudentByStuNo(string stuNo)

        {

            if(stuNo=="001")

                return new Student { StuNo = "001", StuName = "张三" };

            if(stuNo=="002")

                return new Student { StuNo = "002", StuName = "李四" };

            return null;

        } 

        //返回返回泛型集合的

        [WebMethod]

        public List<Student> GetList()

        {

            List<Student> list = new List<Student>();

 

            list.Add(new Student() { StuNo = "001", StuName = "张三" });

            list.Add(new Student() { StuNo = "002", StuName = "李四" });

            list.Add(new Student() { StuNo = "003", StuName = "王五" });

            return list;
        } 

        //返回DataSet

        [WebMethod]

        public  DataSet GetDataSet()

        {

            DataSet ds = new DataSet();

            DataTable dt = new DataTable();

            dt.Columns.Add("StuNo", Type.GetType("System.String"));

            dt.Columns.Add("StuName", Type.GetType("System.String"));

            DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();

            dr["StuNo"] = "001"; dr["StuName"] = "张三";

            dt.Rows.Add(dr);

 

            dr = dt.NewRow();

            dr["StuNo"] = "002"; dr["StuName"] = "李四";

            dt.Rows.Add(dr);

 

            ds.Tables.Add(dt);

            return ds;

        }

    }

    public class Student

    {

        public string StuNo { get; set; }

        public string StuName { get; set; }

    }

}

3、在WebService的web.config文件的system.web节下面加上以下配置。如果不添加在运行手工发送HTTP请求调用WebService(利用GET方式)时，总是出现“远程服务器返回错误: (500) 内部服务器错误。”就是这个该死的错误，让我浪费2个多小时

  

<webServices>

        <protocols>

            <add name="HttpPost" />

            <add name="HttpGet" />

        </protocols>

</webServices>

4、在WinForm应用程序里添加Web引用，有人会发现选择WinForm项目里只能添加服务引用，我当初也是这么认为后来，后来发现在做异步的调用的时候有些方法实在点不出来，所以这里说下如何添加Web引用,选择项目WinFormInvokeWebService右键->添加服务引用，弹出以下对话框

 

 (1)选择高级

 

（2）选择添加web引用

 

（3）选择“此解决方案中的Web服务”

 

（4）选择Service1

 

(5)在web引用名里输入一个服务名称，这里使用默认的名称localhost，点添加引用

5、添加3个Windows窗体，

(1)Form1拖放的控件为：

 

Form1的代码为：

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.ComponentModel;

using System.Data;

using System.Drawing;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.Windows.Forms;

 

namespace WinFormInvokeWebService

{

    public partial class Form1 : Form

    {

        public Form1()

        {

            InitializeComponent();

        }

 

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            localhost.Service1 service = new localhost.Service1();

            localhost.Student s = service.GetStudentByStuNo("002");

            MessageBox.Show("学号：" + s.StuNo + ",姓名：" + s.StuName);

        }

 

        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            new Form2().Show();

        }

 

        private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            new Form3().Show();

        }

    }
} 

(2)Form2拖放的控件为：

 

Form2的代码为：

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.ComponentModel;

using System.Data;

using System.Drawing;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.Windows.Forms;

 

//导入此命名空间

using System.Net;

using System.Xml;

using System.IO;

using System.Web;   //先添加System.Web引用再导入此命名空间

 

namespace WinFormInvokeWebService

{

    public partial class Form2 : Form

    {

        public Form2()

        {

            InitializeComponent();

        }

 

        //手工发送HTTP请求调用WebService-GET方式

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            //http://localhost:3152注意你的地址可能和我的不一样，运行WebService看下你的端口改下

            string strURL = "http://localhost:3152/Service1.asmx/GetStudentByStuNo?stuNo=";

            strURL += this.textBox1.Text;

 

            //创建一个HTTP请求

            HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(strURL);

            //request.Method="get";

            HttpWebResponse response = (System.Net.HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();

            Stream s = response.GetResponseStream();

 

            XmlTextReader Reader = new XmlTextReader(s);

            Reader.MoveToContent();

            string strValue = Reader.ReadInnerXml();

            strValue = strValue.Replace("&lt;", "<");

            strValue = strValue.Replace("&gt;", ">");

            MessageBox.Show(strValue);

            Reader.Close();

        }

 

        //手工发送HTTP请求调用WebService-POST方式

        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            //http://localhost:3152注意你的地址可能和我的不一样，运行WebService看下你的端口改下

            string strURL = "http://localhost:3152/Service1.asmx/GetStudentByStuNo";

 

            //创建一个HTTP请求

            HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(strURL);

 

            //Post请求方式

            request.Method = "POST";

 

            //内容类型

            request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";

 

            //参数经过URL编码

            string paraUrlCoded = HttpUtility.UrlEncode("stuNo");

 

            paraUrlCoded += "=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(this.textBox1.Text);

 

            byte[] payload;

            //将URL编码后的字符串转化为字节

            payload = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(paraUrlCoded);

 

            //设置请求的ContentLength

            request.ContentLength = payload.Length;

 

            //获得请求流

            Stream writer = request.GetRequestStream();

 

            //将请求参数写入流

            writer.Write(payload, 0, payload.Length);

 

            //关闭请求流

            writer.Close();

 

            //获得响应流

            HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();

            Stream s = response.GetResponseStream();

 

            XmlTextReader Reader = new XmlTextReader(s);

            Reader.MoveToContent();

            string strValue = Reader.ReadInnerXml();

            strValue = strValue.Replace("&lt;", "<");

            strValue = strValue.Replace("&gt;", ">");

            MessageBox.Show(strValue);

            Reader.Close();

        }

    }

} 

 (3)Form3拖放的控件为：

  

 Form3的代码为：

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.ComponentModel;

using System.Data;

using System.Drawing;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.Windows.Forms;

 

namespace WinFormInvokeWebService

{

    public partial class Form3 : Form

    {

        public Form3()

        {

            InitializeComponent();

        }

 

        //利用Backgroundworker对象

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            BackgroundWorker backgroundworker = new BackgroundWorker();

 

            // 注册具体异步处理的方法

            backgroundworker.DoWork += new DoWorkEventHandler(back_DoWork);

 

            // 注册调用完成后的回调方法

            backgroundworker.RunWorkerCompleted += newRunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(back_RunWorkerCompleted);

 

            // 这里开始异步调用

            backgroundworker.RunWorkerAsync();

 

            //调用服务的同时客户端处理并不停止

            ChangeProcessBar();

        }

 

        //完成事件

        void back_RunWorkerCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)

        {

            if (e.Error != null)

                throw e.Error;

            progressBar1.Value = progressBar1.Maximum;                              //调用完成了,把客户端进度条填充满

            localhost.Student s = e.Result as localhost.Student;                    //获取处理结果

            MessageBox.Show("学号：" + s.StuNo + ",姓名：" + s.StuName);            //显示从服务器获取的结果值

        }

        //调用方法

        void back_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)

        {

            // Web Service代理类

            localhost.Service1 service = new localhost.Service1();

 

            // 调用Web方法GetClass1，结果赋值给DoWorkEventArgs的Result对象

            e.Result = service.GetStudentByStuNo("002");

        }

 

        /// <summary>

        /// 界面的进度条显示

        /// </summary>

        void ChangeProcessBar()

        {

            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)

            {

                progressBar1.Value = i;

                System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);

            }

        }

 

        //调用WebMethod的Async方法

        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            // Web Service代理类

            localhost.Service1 service = new localhost.Service1();

 

            //这里开始异步调用

            //service.GetProductPriceAsync("001");

            service.GetStudentByStuNoAsync("002");

 

            // 注册调用完成后的回调方法

            service.GetStudentByStuNoCompleted += newlocalhost.GetStudentByStuNoCompletedEventHandler(GetStudentByStuNoCompleted);

 

            //调用同时客户端处理不停止

            ChangeProcessBar();

        }

        //完成事件

        void GetStudentByStuNoCompleted(object sender, localhost.GetStudentByStuNoCompletedEventArgs e)

        {

            if (e.Error != null)

                throw e.Error;

            progressBar1.Value = progressBar1.Maximum;                              //调用完成了,把客户端进度条填充满

            localhost.Student s = e.Result as localhost.Student;                    //获取处理结果

            MessageBox.Show("学号：" + s.StuNo + ",姓名：" + s.StuName);            //显示从服务器获取的结果值

        }
    }
}

 运行结果：