JDBC
什么是JDBC : Java连接数据库!
需要jar包的支持:
- java.sql
- javax.sql
- mysql-conneter-java… 连接驱动(必须要导入)
实验环境搭建
CREATE TABLE users(
id INT PRIMARY KEY,
`name` VARCHAR(40),
`password` VARCHAR(40),
email VARCHAR(60),
birthday DATE
);
INSERT INTO users(id,`name`,`password`,email,birthday)
VALUES(1,'张三','123456','zs@qq.com','2000-01-01');
INSERT INTO users(id,`name`,`password`,email,birthday)
VALUES(2,'李四','123456','ls@qq.com','2000-01-01');
INSERT INTO users(id,`name`,`password`,email,birthday)
VALUES(3,'王五','123456','ww@qq.com','2000-01-01');
SELECT * FROM users;
导入数据库依赖
<!--mysql的驱动-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.47</version>
</dependency>
IDEA中连接数据库:
JDBC 固定使用步骤
- 加载驱动
- 连接数据库,代表数据库
- 向数据库发送SQL的对象Statement : CRUD
- 编写SQL (根据业务,不同的SQL)
- 执行SQL
- 关闭连接
public class TestJdbc {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
//配置信息
//useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8 解决中文乱码
String url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8";
String username = "root";
String password = "123456";
//1.加载驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.连接数据库,代表数据库
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
//3.向数据库发送SQL的对象Statement,PreparedStatement : CRUD
Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
//4.编写SQL
String sql = "select * from users";
//5.执行查询SQL,返回一个 ResultSet : 结果集
ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery(sql);
while (rs.next()){
System.out.println("id="+rs.getObject("id"));
System.out.println("name="+rs.getObject("name"));
System.out.println("password="+rs.getObject("password"));
System.out.println("email="+rs.getObject("email"));
System.out.println("birthday="+rs.getObject("birthday"));
}
//6.关闭连接,释放资源(一定要做) 先开后关
rs.close();
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
}
预编译SQL
public class TestJDBC2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//配置信息
//useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8 解决中文乱码
String url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8";
String username = "root";
String password = "123456";
//1.加载驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.连接数据库,代表数据库
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
//3.编写SQL
String sql = "insert into users(id, name, password, email, birthday) values (?,?,?,?,?);";
//4.预编译
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
preparedStatement.setInt(1,2);//给第一个占位符? 的值赋值为1;
preparedStatement.setString(2,"狂神说Java");//给第二个占位符? 的值赋值为狂神说Java;
preparedStatement.setString(3,"123456");//给第三个占位符? 的值赋值为123456;
preparedStatement.setString(4,"24736743@qq.com");//给第四个占位符? 的值赋值为1;
preparedStatement.setDate(5,new Date(new java.util.Date().getTime()));//给第五个占位符? 的值赋值为new Date(new java.util.Date().getTime());
//5.执行SQL
int i = preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
if (i>0){
System.out.println("插入成功@");
}
//6.关闭连接,释放资源(一定要做) 先开后关
preparedStatement.close();
connection.close();
}
}
事务
要么都成功,要么都失败!
ACID原则:保证数据的安全。
开启事务
事务提交 commit()
事务回滚 rollback()
关闭事务
转账:
A:1000
B:1000
A(900) --100--> B(1100)
Junit单元测试
依赖
<!--单元测试-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
</dependency>
简单使用
@Test注解只有在方法上有效,只要加了这个注解的方法,就可以直接运行!
@Test
public void test(){
System.out.println("Hello");
}
失败的时候是红色:
搭建一个环境
CREATE TABLE account(
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` VARCHAR(40),
money FLOAT
);
INSERT INTO account(`name`,money) VALUES('A',1000);
INSERT INTO account(`name`,money) VALUES('B',1000);
INSERT INTO account(`name`,money) VALUES('C',1000);
@Test
public void test() {
//配置信息
//useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8 解决中文乱码
String url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8";
String username = "root";
String password = "123456";
Connection connection = null;
//1.加载驱动
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.连接数据库,代表数据库
connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
//3.通知数据库开启事务,false 开启
connection.setAutoCommit(false);
String sql = "update account set money = money-100 where name = 'A'";
connection.prepareStatement(sql).executeUpdate();
//制造错误
//int i = 1/0;
String sql2 = "update account set money = money+100 where name = 'B'";
connection.prepareStatement(sql2).executeUpdate();
connection.commit();//以上两条SQL都执行成功了,就提交事务!
System.out.println("success");
} catch (Exception e) {
try {
//如果出现异常,就通知数据库回滚事务
connection.rollback();
} catch (SQLException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
try {
connection.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}