自己编译 ARM 版 opencvmobile 解决编译器版本导致的 `undefined reference to std::__cxx11::basic_stringstream` 问题

起因

因项目需要在 arm 版中进行简单的图形运算，于是打算直接用 opencv-mobile 仓库预编译好的 opencv-mobile-4.5.4-armlinux.zip。但果然因为生产环境依赖的编译器版本太旧，在编译过程遇到了因为 ABI 接口导致的错误：

undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)
undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_stringstream<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)
...

尝试直接使用 -D _GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=0，无效
搜索一圈无果，(#20 #25 #27)

于是决定自己编译一遍，解决问题，顺便编写这个文档，方便后人查阅。

arm-linux-gnueabihf 编译步骤

1. 前置步骤，在 Linux 中安装好 CMake，arm-linux-gnueabihf 工具链

2. clone https://github.com/nihui/opencv-mobile

3. 进入 clone 所在文件夹

   1. 下载 opencv 4.5.4

   2. 解压到 opencv-4.5.4 文件夹内，并进入该文件夹

      wget -q https://github.com/opencv/opencv/archive/4.5.4.zip -O opencv-4.5.4.zip
      unzip -q opencv-4.5.4.zip
      cd opencv-4.5.4
      

   此时，文件夹结构如图所示：
   

4. 编译

   1. 可选配置步骤，下面的指令都在 opencv-4.5.4 文件夹中执行

      1. strip zlib dependency and use stb-based highgui implementation (optional)

         patch -p1 -i ../opencv-4.5.4-no-zlib.patch
         truncate -s 0 cmake/OpenCVFindLibsGrfmt.cmake
         rm -rf modules/gapi
         rm -rf modules/highgui
         cp -r ../highgui modules/
         

      2. patch opencv source for no-rtti build (optional)

         patch -p1 -i ../opencv-4.5.4-no-rtti.patch
         

      3. apply your opencv options to opencv4_cmake_options.txt

         opencv4_cmake_options.txt 文件在 /opencv-mobile/opencv4_cmake_options.txt

   2. 依次执行指令进行编译

      mkdir build-arm-linux-gnueabihf && cd build-arm-linux-gnueabihf
      cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=../../toolchains/arm-linux-gnueabihf.toolchain.cmake \
              -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-fno-rtti -fno-exceptions" -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-fno-rtti -fno-exceptions" \
              -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=install -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release `cat ../../opencv4_cmake_options.txt` -DBUILD_opencv_world=OFF ..
      cmake --build . -j 2
      cmake --build . --target install
      

5. 编译完成

   1. 输出位于 ./build-arm-linux-gnueabihf/install 中
   2. 把 install 移动到合适位置，如 /thirdpart/opencv4.5.4/my-gnueabihf/

6. 使用编译好的库

   main.cpp

   #include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
   #include <iostream>
   int main()
   {
       cv::Mat mat = cv::Mat::zeros(256,256, CV_8UC1);
       {
           cv::rectangle(mat, cv::Rect(40, 45, 51, 65), cv::Scalar(255), -1, cv::LINE_8, 0);//绘制填充矩形
           cv::rectangle(mat, cv::Rect(180, 180, 85, 21), cv::Scalar(255), -1, cv::LINE_8, 0);//绘制填充矩形
           std::cout << "mat.rows = " << mat.rows << std::endl;
           std::cout << "mat.cols = " << mat.cols << std::endl;
       }
       return 0;
   }
   

   demo makefile

   # 改成你的路径
   OPENCV_DIR := /thirdpart/opencv4.5.4/my-gnueabihf/
   THIRD_PART_INCLUDE := -I$(OPENCV_DIR)include/opencv4 -I$(OPENCV_DIR)include/opencv4/opencv2
   THIRD_PART_LIBRARY := $(OPENCV_DIR)lib/libopencv_highgui.a $(OPENCV_DIR)lib/libopencv_features2d.a $(OPENCV_DIR)lib/libopencv_imgproc.a $(OPENCV_DIR)lib/libopencv_photo.a $(OPENCV_DIR)lib/libopencv_video.a $(OPENCV_DIR)lib/libopencv_core.a
   
   TARGET = Test_OpenCV_Mobile
   START:
       @echo START
       rm -rf $(TARGET)
       arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ -O2 -std=c++11 -lpthread -fopenmp -ldl $(CFLAGS) $(THIRD_PART_INCLUDE) -o $(TARGET) ./main.cpp $(THIRD_PART_LIBRARY)
   
   .PHONY:clean
   
   clean:
       rm -rf $(BINDIR)
   

   

   demo CMakeLists.txt

   cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.20)
   
   set (ARM_LINUX_GCC_PATH /usr/local/arm/gcc-linaro-5.3.1-2016.05-i686_arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/) # 改成你的路径
   set (CMAKE_C_COMPILER ${ARM_LINUX_GCC_PATH}arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc)
   set (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER ${ARM_LINUX_GCC_PATH}arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++)
   
   project(Test_OpenCV_Mobile)
   set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
   set(OpenCV_DIR "/thirdpart/opencv4.5.4/my-gnueabihf/lib/cmake/opencv4") # 改成你的路径
   find_package(OpenCV REQUIRED)
   FIND_PACKAGE(OpenMP REQUIRED)
   add_executable(Test_OpenCV_Mobile main.cpp)
   target_link_libraries(Test_OpenCV_Mobile pthread)
   target_link_libraries(Test_OpenCV_Mobile dl)
   target_link_libraries(Test_OpenCV_Mobile -fopenmp)
   target_link_libraries(Test_OpenCV_Mobile ${OpenCV_LIBS})
   

   

   运行结果
   

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