RT-Thread 设备驱动ADC浅析与改进

OS版本：RT-Thread 4.0.0

芯片：STM32F407

下面时官方ADC提供的参考访问接口

访问 ADC 设备

应用程序通过 RT-Thread 提供的 ADC 设备管理接口来访问 ADC 硬件，相关接口如下所示：

函数	描述
rt_device_find()	根据 ADC 设备名称查找设备获取设备句柄
rt_adc_enable()	使能 ADC 设备
rt_adc_read()	读取 ADC 设备数据
rt_adc_disable()	关闭 ADC 设备

下面对驱动源码主要实现方式做简要分析：

在drv_adc.c中，缺少对 RT_USING_DEVICE_OPS 项的支持，增加如下代码

#ifdef RT_USING_DEVICE_OPS　　//增加对RT_USING_DEVICE_OPS的支持
const static struct rt_device_ops adc_ops = 
{
    RT_NULL,
    RT_NULL,
    RT_NULL,
    _adc_read,
    RT_NULL,
    _adc_control
};
#endif

rt_err_t rt_hw_adc_register(rt_adc_device_t device, const char *name, const struct rt_adc_ops *ops, const void *user_data)
{
    rt_err_t result = RT_EOK;
    RT_ASSERT(ops != RT_NULL && ops->convert != RT_NULL);
    
    device->parent.type = RT_Device_Class_Miscellaneous;
    
#ifdef RT_USING_DEVICE_OPS
    device->parent.ops          = &adc_ops;
#else
    device->parent.init = RT_NULL;
    device->parent.open = RT_NULL;
    device->parent.close = RT_NULL;
    device->parent.read = _adc_read;
    device->parent.write = RT_NULL;
    device->parent.control = _adc_control;
#endif

    device->ops = ops;
    device->parent.user_data = (void *)user_data;

    result = rt_device_register(&device->parent, name, RT_DEVICE_FLAG_RDWR);

    return result;
}

其中设备ops接口要实现 adc_ops

const static struct rt_device_ops adc_ops = 
{
    RT_NULL,
    RT_NULL,
    RT_NULL,
    _adc_read,
    RT_NULL,
    _adc_control
};

设备的子类 rt_adc_device 需要实现的ops 为 rt_adc_ops

static const struct rt_adc_ops stm_adc_ops =
{
    .enabled = stm32_adc_enabled,
    .convert = stm32_get_adc_value,
};

其中 _adc_control 调用 stm32_adc_enabled， _adc_read 调用 stm32_get_adc_value；

官方示例为了简化ADC驱动操作，直接export相关adc操作函数供用户使用，使用方式如下：

    rt_adc_device_t adc_dev;
    rt_uint32_t value, vol;
    rt_err_t ret = RT_EOK;

    /* 查找设备 */
    adc_dev = (rt_adc_device_t)rt_device_find(ADC_DEV_NAME);
    if (adc_dev == RT_NULL)
    {
        rt_kprintf("adc sample run failed! can't find %s device!
", ADC_DEV_NAME);
        return RT_ERROR;
    }
    
    /* 使能设备 */
    ret = rt_adc_enable(adc_dev, ADC_DEV_CHANNEL);

    /* 读取采样值 */
    value = rt_adc_read(adc_dev, ADC_DEV_CHANNEL);
    rt_kprintf("the value is :%d 
", value);

    /* 转换为对应电压值 */
    vol = value * REFER_VOLTAGE / CONVERT_BITS;
    rt_kprintf("the voltage is :%d.%02d 
", vol / 100, vol % 100);

    /* 关闭通道 */
    ret = rt_adc_disable(adc_dev, ADC_DEV_CHANNEL);

既然有I/O设备模型，再使用这种方式现得驱动接口太分散了，下面以 I/O device接口实现adc采集示例：

使用 rt_device_read 时，注意 pos 和 size 的含义

    rt_device_t adc_dev = rt_device_find(ADC_DEV_NAME);    
    rt_device_open(adc_dev, RT_DEVICE_FLAG_RDWR);    //记住一定要有打开设备操作，否则后面的rt_device_read无法使用
    
    ret = rt_device_control(adc_dev, RT_ADC_CMD_ENABLE, (void*)ADC_DEV_CHANNEL);    //使能ADC
    
    ret = rt_device_read(adc_dev, ADC_DEV_CHANNEL, &value, 4);    //程序不做修改时，_adc_read函数的pos项表示adc通道，size为4的倍数，大于4则依序读取后面的通道
//    value = rt_adc_read((rt_adc_device_t)adc_dev, ADC_DEV_CHANNEL);
    rt_kprintf("the value is :%d  %d  %d
", value, ret, *_rt_errno());
    vol = value * REFER_VOLTAGE / CONVERT_BITS;
    rt_kprintf("the voltage is :%d.%02d 
", vol / 100, vol % 100);
    
    ret = rt_device_control(adc_dev, RT_ADC_CMD_DISABLE, (void*)ADC_DEV_CHANNEL);    //禁止ADC

 改进建议：

读取adc使用 rt_device_read 很不方便，建议取消 rt_device_read 项，读取采用 rt_device_control 来实现；

const static struct rt_device_ops adc_ops = 
{
    RT_NULL,
    RT_NULL,
    RT_NULL,
    RT_NULL,
    RT_NULL,
    _adc_control
};

在adc.h中添加对 RT_ADC_CMD_READ 的支持，并添加对于读取数据参数结构体

struct rt_device_adc_value
{
    rt_uint32_t channel;
    rt_uint32_t value;
};


typedef enum
{
    RT_ADC_CMD_ENABLE,
    RT_ADC_CMD_DISABLE,
    RT_ADC_CMD_READ,
} rt_adc_cmd_t;

在adc.c中的_adc_control 函数添加对 RT_ADC_CMD_READ 的支持

static rt_err_t _adc_control(rt_device_t dev, int cmd, void *args)
{
    rt_err_t result = RT_EOK;
    rt_adc_device_t adc = (struct rt_adc_device *)dev;
    
    if (adc->ops->enabled == RT_NULL)
    {
        return -RT_ENOSYS;
    }
    if (cmd == RT_ADC_CMD_ENABLE)
    {
        result = adc->ops->enabled(adc, (rt_uint32_t)args, RT_TRUE);
    }
    else if (cmd == RT_ADC_CMD_DISABLE)
    {
        result = adc->ops->enabled(adc, (rt_uint32_t)args, RT_FALSE);
    }
    else if (cmd == RT_ADC_CMD_READ)　　//通过control读取adc指定通道
    {
        struct rt_device_adc_value *adc_value;
        adc_value = (struct rt_device_adc_value *) args;
        if (adc_value == RT_NULL) return -RT_ERROR;
        
        result = adc->ops->convert(adc, adc_value->channel, &(adc_value->value));
    }

    return result;
}

使用方式如下：

    rt_device_t adc_dev = rt_device_find(ADC_DEV_NAME);    
    rt_device_open(adc_dev, RT_DEVICE_FLAG_RDWR);    //记住一定要有打开设备操作，否则后面的rt_device_read无法使用
    
    ret = rt_device_control(adc_dev, RT_ADC_CMD_ENABLE, (void*)ADC_DEV_CHANNEL);    //使能ADC
    
    struct rt_device_adc_value adc_value;
    adc_value.channel = ADC_DEV_CHANNEL;
    ret = rt_device_control(adc_dev, RT_ADC_CMD_READ, &adc_value);
    value = adc_value.value;

    rt_kprintf("the value is :%d  %d  %d
", value, ret, *_rt_errno());
    vol = value * REFER_VOLTAGE / CONVERT_BITS;
    rt_kprintf("the voltage is :%d.%02d 
", vol / 100, vol % 100);
    
    ret = rt_device_control(adc_dev, RT_ADC_CMD_DISABLE, (void*)ADC_DEV_CHANNEL);    //禁止ADC