常用方法
Executors.newFiexdPool(int nThreads);固定线程数量的线程池;
Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();单个线程的线程池;
Executors.newCachedThreadPool();根据实际情况调整线程个数的线程池;每个线程空闲时间60s,过时自动回收;
Executors.newScheduleThreadPool();固定数量线程池,每个线程都可显现定时器。
以上几个线程池都是由ThreadPoolExecutor构造出来的
ThreadPoolExecutor构造方法概述:
ThreadPoolExecutor(
int corePoolSize,//核心线程数,线程池刚初始化的时候实例化线程个数
int maximumPoolSize,//最大线程数
long keepLongTime,//空闲时间,过时回收
TimeUnit unit,//时间单位
BlockingQueue<Runable> worker,//线程暂缓处
ThreadFactory threadFactory,
RejectExecuteHandle handle//拒绝执行的方法
)
Executors.newScheduledThreadPool
ScheduledExecutorService scheduler = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(10);
scheduler.scheduleWithFixedDelay(command, 1, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
command是Thread对象,1后执行,每3秒执行一次。
自定义线程池的使用
ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(...);
传的参数中,队列是什么类型很重要
有界队列:当前线程数小于corePoolSize,线程立即执行;大于coreSize,并小于maximumPoolSize,线程放入队列;如果队列满了,就执行拒绝方法。
无界队列:除非资源被耗尽,否则不会发生线程被拒绝的情况。以corePoolSize为准,当前线程数大于corePoolSize,线程就会被加入队列。
注:pool.shutdown();不会立即把线程池关闭,而是等线程池中的线程都执行完了,线程池才会关闭。
拒绝策略
AbortPolicy:系统跑出异常,系统继续执行;
discardOldest:丢弃最老的任务,再执行当前新任务;
discardPolicy:丢弃无法执行的任务,不给于任何处理;
callerRunsPolicy:只要线程没有关,会将当前的线程先执行;
自定义策略实现RejectedExecutionHandler接口。
import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue; import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue; import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger; public class UseThreadPoolExecutor2 implements Runnable{ private static AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0); @Override public void run() { try { int temp = count.incrementAndGet(); System.out.println("任务" + temp); Thread.sleep(2000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ //System.out.println(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()); BlockingQueue<Runnable> queue = //new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(); new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(10); ExecutorService executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor( 5, //core 10, //max 120L, //2fenzhong TimeUnit.SECONDS, queue); for(int i = 0 ; i < 20; i++){ executor.execute(new UseThreadPoolExecutor2()); } Thread.sleep(1000); System.out.println("queue size:" + queue.size()); //输出结果是10,说明在1秒的时候还有10个线程入队等待 Thread.sleep(2000); } }
重点看一下自定义策略
public class UseThreadPoolExecutor1 { public static void main(String[] args) { /** * 在使用有界队列时,若有新的任务需要执行,如果线程池实际线程数小于corePoolSize,则优先创建线程, * 若大于corePoolSize,则会将任务加入队列, * 若队列已满,则在总线程数不大于maximumPoolSize的前提下,创建新的线程, * 若线程数大于maximumPoolSize,则执行拒绝策略。或其他自定义方式。 * */ ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor( 1, //coreSize 2, //MaxSize 60, //60 TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(3) //指定一种队列 (有界队列) //new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>() , new MyRejected() //, new DiscardOldestPolicy() ); MyTask mt1 = new MyTask(1, "任务1"); MyTask mt2 = new MyTask(2, "任务2"); MyTask mt3 = new MyTask(3, "任务3"); MyTask mt4 = new MyTask(4, "任务4"); MyTask mt5 = new MyTask(5, "任务5"); MyTask mt6 = new MyTask(6, "任务6"); pool.execute(mt1); pool.execute(mt2); pool.execute(mt3); pool.execute(mt4); pool.execute(mt5); pool.execute(mt6); pool.shutdown(); } }
import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionHandler; import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor; public class MyRejected implements RejectedExecutionHandler{ public MyRejected(){ } @Override public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor) { System.out.println("自定义处理.."); System.out.println("当前被拒绝任务为:" + r.toString()); } }
public class MyTask implements Runnable { private int taskId; private String taskName; public MyTask(int taskId, String taskName){ this.taskId = taskId; this.taskName = taskName; } public int getTaskId() { return taskId; } public void setTaskId(int taskId) { this.taskId = taskId; } public String getTaskName() { return taskName; } public void setTaskName(String taskName) { this.taskName = taskName; } @Override public void run() { try { System.out.println("run taskId =" + this.taskId); Thread.sleep(5*1000); //System.out.println("end taskId =" + this.taskId); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public String toString(){ return Integer.toString(this.taskId); } }